Refine
Year of publication
- 2010 (2871) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1005)
- Doctoral Thesis (378)
- Part of Periodical (340)
- Book (338)
- Part of a Book (264)
- Review (145)
- Contribution to a Periodical (144)
- Working Paper (84)
- Report (71)
- Conference Proceeding (31)
Language
- German (1759)
- English (855)
- mis (105)
- Portuguese (62)
- French (32)
- Croatian (29)
- Multiple languages (12)
- Italian (7)
- dut (3)
- Spanish (3)
Keywords
- Mosambik (114)
- Mozambique (114)
- Moçambique (113)
- Filmmusik (96)
- Deutsch (80)
- Christentum (65)
- Bibel (63)
- bible (63)
- christianity (63)
- Literatur (48)
Institute
- Extern (316)
- Medizin (292)
- Präsidium (235)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (99)
- Biowissenschaften (98)
- Biochemie und Chemie (97)
- Physik (87)
- Geschichtswissenschaften (68)
- Geowissenschaften (59)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (54)
Education of the Deprived is a perceptive socio-artistic examination of the key works of some major writers of Anglophone Cameroon literary drama today. For over two decades now socio-political developments in Cameroon, including the liberalization of the press, have led to an unprecedented proliferation of political, journalistic and imaginative writings. Availing themselves of their new-found freedom of expression, Cameroonians in general are forcefully articulating their views more than even before, and creative writers, in particular, are artistically recording intimate and painful experiences in the on-going endeavour to make sense of the socio-political environment; they are mapping out, through images and symbols, the peculiar contour of the collective Cameroonian soul. What observers have noticed, with regard to Anglophone Cameroon imaginative writing, however, is that there are few significant critical works to match the burgeoning creative literature. While in the 1970s there was a cry concerning the scarcity of imaginative works by Anglophone Cameroonians, the complaint now, at the turn of the 21st century, is that there is a dearth of critical literature capable of catapulting, on to the international literary scene, the Anglophone Cameroon literature being written. This book covers both traditional and modern drama as written by Anglophones, lays bare the technical differences between the two dramatic traditions, and brings out the central themes developed by these committed dramatists.
The article discusses current transformations in the education systems worldwide. Focusing on the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as policy actors, it argues that these transformations imply a triple economization of education policy which can be observed at all levels of the education sector. The increasing importance of these organizations in educational issues marks a transition to a "postnational constellation" also in the education field insofar as the national educational sovereignty is being at least readjusted. The economization of education policy is however not restricted to bringing education closer to the needs of the economy and to turning its services into tradable goods. Rather, it also impinges on the operative level of education. A logics of production is being implemented in the self-description of the institutions of the education system, which are no longer bureaucratically administered establishments, but are rather conceived of as managerially conducted production business in which entrepreneurial action is needed. This new governance raises the problem of democratic legitimation of political decisions which ideally combines three elements: democratic, expertocratic, and ethico-professional. The article discusses the consequences of a shift in the balance of the three components with reference to Germany.
Editorial
(2010)
Wohl jeder Jurist kennt Kants Satz, dass die einfache Frage "Was ist Recht?" den "Rechtsgelehrten […] in Verlegenheit" setze. Höchstens "[w]as Rechtens sei (quid sit iuris), d. i. was die Gesetze an einem gewissen Ort und zu einer gewissen Zeit sagen oder gesagt haben", schloss Kant an, könne dieser "noch wohl angeben". Selbst das ist, wie wir inzwischen wissen, mindestens sehr optimistisch formuliert: Denn "Rechtens" war eben nicht nur, "was die Gesetze" sagten. Und obwohl vor allem deutsche Gelehrte seit Jahrzehnten beträchtliche intellektuelle Energie auf die Erforschung "des Rechtsbegriffs" verschiedener historischer Situationen verwenden, erscheinen die Grundbegriffe von "Recht" einem geschulten Beobachter immer noch "viel weniger historisch durchgearbeitet als 'Staat'". ...
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not eliminate micropollutants completely and are thus important point sources for these substances. In particular, concerns about en-docrine disrupting compounds in WWTP effluents give rise to the implementation of advanced treatment steps for the elimination of trace organic contaminants. The present study investigated ozonation (O3) and activated carbon treatment (AC) at two WWTPs. For an ecotoxicological assessment at WWTP Regensdorf, conventionally treated wastewater, wastewater after ozonation, and ozonated wastewater after sand filtration were evaluated in parallel via the fish early life stage toxicity test (FELST) using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, a comparative toxicity evalu-ation of ozonated and activated carbon treated effluents was performed at the pilot scale treatment plant in Neuss (WWTP Neuss). For this purpose, four invertebrate tests and one higher plant toxicity test were selected to assess potential biological effects on or-ganisms [Lemna minor growth inhibition test, chironomid toxicity test with Chironomus riparius, Lumbriculus variegatus toxicity test, comet assay with haemolymph of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), reproduction test with Potamopyrgus antipo-darum]. All in vivo assays were performed on site at the treatment plants in flow-through test systems. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of ozona-tion and activated carbon treatment on endocrine activities [estrogenicity, anti-estrogenicity, androgenicity, anti-androgenicity, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity] with yeast based bioassays using solid phase extracted water samples. To evaluate the removal of in vitro non-specific toxicity, a cytotoxicity assay using a rat cell line was applied. The FELST at WWTP Regensdorf revealed a considerable developmental retardation of test organisms exposed to ozonated WW. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight and length compared to reference water, to the conventionally treated WW, and to the ozonated water after sand filtration. Hence sand filtration obvi-ously prevents from adverse ecotoxicological effects of ozonation. An additional test – starting with yolk-sac larvae – resulted in a significant reduction of vitellogenin levels in fish exposed to ozonated wastewater compared to fish reared in conventionally treat-ed wastewater. This demonstrates the effective removal of estrogenic activity by ozonation. At WWTP Neuss, the reproduction test with the mudsnail P. antipodarum exhibited a decreased reproductive output after advanced treatment compared to conventional treatment. This indicates an effective estrogenicity removal by ozonation and activated carbon treatment and is confirmed by results of the yeast estrogen screen with a reduc-tion of in vitro estrogenic activity by > 75%. The L. variegatus test revealed a signifi-cantly enhanced toxicity after ozonation compared to conventional treatment, whereas this effect was reduced following subsequent sand filtration. When ozonation was applied, a significantly increased genotoxicity was observed, detected with the comet assay using haemolymph of the zebra mussel. Again, this effect was removed by subsequent sand filtration to the level of conventional treatment. Activated carbon treatment even resulted in a significant reduction of genotoxicity. At both treatment plants, adverse effects after ozonation may have been a result of the formation of toxic oxidation by-products. However, sand filtration reduced toxication effects, indicating that these oxidation by-products are readily degradable or adsorbable. The results point out that, in any case, ozonation should not be applied without subsequent biologically active post treatment appropriate for oxidation by-products removal (e.g. sand filtration). However, only activated carbon achieved a toxicity reduction compared to the conventional treated wastewater. Thus, it cannot be excluded that po-tential beneficial effects due to ozonation might be masked by residual toxic oxidation by-products passing the sand filter or ozonation is not as effective in toxicity removal as PAC treatment. The yeast based assays with solid phase extracted samples revealed an effective endo-crine activity removal during ozonation and activated carbon filtration (estrogenicity: 77 – 99%, anti-androgenicity: 63 – 96%, AhR agonistic activity: 79 – 82%). The cyto-toxicity assay exhibited a 32% removal of non-specific toxicity after ozonation com-pared to conventional treatment. Ozonation in combination with sand filtration reduced cytotoxic effects by 49%, indicating that sand filtration contributes to the removal of toxicants. Activated carbon treatment was the most effective technology for cytotoxici-ty removal (61%). Sample evaporation reduced cytotoxic effects by 52% (after activated carbon treatment) to 73% (after ozonation), demonstrating that volatile substances contribute considerably to toxic effects, particularly after ozone treatment. These results confirm an effective removal or transformation of toxicants with receptor mediated mode of action and non-specific toxicants during both investigated treatment steps. However, due to the limited extractability, polar ozonation by-products were neglected for toxicity analysis, and hence non-specific toxicity after O3 is underestimated. In the long run, only on-site comparisons at WW receiving water bodies (e.g. communi-ty analysis of fish, macroinvertebrates, plants, microorganisms) – before and after up-grading WWTPs – allow drawing environmentally relevant conclusions regarding bene-fits and risks of advanced WW treatment methods. Conclusively, the benefits and possible negative impacts have to be carefully evaluated to prove that not more environmental impact will be induced than removed by advanced treatment technologies as each additional treatment requires considerable amounts of energy, resources, and infrastructure facilities. Accordingly, comprehensive sustainable approaches for pollution prevention and wastewater treatment (e.g. source control and source separation) are preferable compared to end-of-pipe treatment systems.
Der Verlust biologischer Vielfalt und ökosystemarer Dienstleistungen (ecosystem services, ESS) kann im Wesentlichen auf die nicht-nachhaltige Nutzung der Biosphäre durch den Menschen zurückgeführt werden. Eine Betrachtung der ökonomischen Gründe für die degradierende Nutzung sowie möglicher Instrumente dem Verlust zu begegnen, bilden den Gegenstand dieses Knowledge Flow Papers. Das Paper knüpft damit an das Knowledge Flow Paper Nr. 6 an, indem eine erste Einführung in das Thema Ecosystem Services gegeben wurde, wobei eine Fokussierung auf der Definition und den Kriterien für eine Klassifizierung von ESS lag. Im vorliegenden Paper wird zunächst beschrieben, worin die Ursachen des Verlustes biologischer Vielfalt und ESS aus umweltökonomischer Sicht liegen. Es werden dazu wesentliche ökonomische Problematiken skizziert: der öffentliche Gutscharakter vieler Umweltgüter sowie das Auftreten sog. externer Effekte, die zu Marktversagen führen. In dem darauf folgenden Abschnitt werden umweltpolitische Instrumente als Lösungsansätze für diese Problematiken erörtert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den sog. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), ein umweltökonomisches Regulationsinstrument, das seit einigen Jahren global zunehmend Anwendung findet. ...
The Ecosystem Service approach has gained a lot of attention lately, as it interlinks ecosystems with the benefits humans derive from them. The Knowledge Flow paper at hand is giving a first overview of the Ecosystem Service approach. The paper focuses on the basic understanding of the concept and the definition of the term Ecosystem Services. It serves as a starting point for the development of a multiple classification system as a tool for ecosystem service inventories, assessment, and valuation studies. The paper briefly deals with the opportunities and challenges of an economic valuation of ecosystem services and provides the main research questions concerning an ecological assessment of ecosystems services.
The restoration of ecosystems has become a major challenge throughout the world in the 21st century (see comprehensive surveys from, e. g. Temperton et al. 2004, van Andel & Aronson 2006, Walker et al. 2007, and Zerbe & Wiegleb 2009). Due to non-sustainable land use and inefficient use of natural resources, many ecosystems have been degraded or completely destroyed. Consequently, the functioning of ecosystems has been severely affected and many ecosystem services have been lost.
Feral cats (Felis catus), introduced into Australia with European settlers in the 19th century, colonized the entire Australian continent in less than 100 years, including the Australian arid zone which covers more than 70% of the continent. Feral cats are responsible for the decline and extinction of a number of native species and the failure of a number of reintroduction attempts, especially in the arid zone. Many ecological studies on feral cats have been conducted on home range size and movement patterns in different environments, abundance and diet, with the aim of gaining a better understanding about their successful invasion of the Australian continent. There are no physiological studies on the feral cat to date. However, there is evidence that there is a strong interrelation between physiology and abiotic factors such as climate. Thus, distribution, habitat, and dispersal of species can not fully be understood without background knowledge of physiology. This PhD aims to contribute to a better understanding of three physiological parameters: metabolism, body mass and body temperature patterns. These parameters may possibly identify physiological adaptation to different climate zones, seasonal conditions and island isolation.
Many studies show that most people are not financially literate and are unfamiliar with even the most basic economic concepts. However, the evidence on the determinants of economic literacy is scant. This paper uses international panel data on 55 countries from 1995 to 2008, merging indicators of economic literacy with a large set of macroeconomic and institutional variables. Results show that there is substantial heterogeneity of financial and economic competence across countries, and that human capital indicators (PISA test scores and college attendance) are positively correlated with economic literacy. Furthermore, inhabitants of countries with more generous social security systems are generally less literate, lending support to the hypothesis that the incentives to acquire economic literacy are related to the amount of resources available for private accumulation. JEL Classification: E2, D8, G1