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A new genus, Sayapion Kissinger (type-species: Apion segnipes Say) is proposed for the 10 members of the Apion segnipes species group of Coelocephalapion Wagner orphaned when Coelocephalapion Wagner was raised to generic level (Kissinger, 1992). The species transferred from Apion to Sayapion as new combinations are as follows: Sayapion aponipes (Kissinger), S. arizonae (Fall), S. basale (Sharp), S. cinereum (Gerstaecker), S. laterale (Sharp), S. paranipes (Kissinger), S. pronipes (Kissinger), S. segnipes (Say), S. sublaterale (Kissinger), and S. terale (Kissinger).
Apionion (type species Apion crassum Fall) is described for 14 species formerly assigned to the Apion annulatum species group of Coelocephalapion Wagner, namely, championi Sharp, crassum Fall, derasum Sharp, dilatatum Smith, fenyesi Kissinger, howdeni Kissinger, inflatipenne Sharp, latipenne Sharp, latipes Sharp, len tum Sharp, neolentum Kissinger, samson Sharp, and subauratum Sharp from North and Central America, and annulatum Gerstaecker from South America, all originally included in Apion Herbst. Four new species are described: delion (panama), eranion (Costa Rica, Panama), humongum (Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras), and sapphirum (Mexico, Costa Rica). New records and/or supplemental descriptions are given for championi, derasum, dilatatum, fenyesi, howdeni, inflatipenne, latipenne, latipes, and neolentum.
Descriptions and a key are provided for 7 South American species of Note rap ion Kissinger (2002) (type species Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi) including N. bruchi (Beguin-Billecocq), N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), N. philippianum (Alonso-Zarazaga) and four new species described from Chile: N. chilense Kissinger, N. lwscheli Kissinger, N. nothofagi Kissinger, and N. saperion Kissinger. A lectotype designation is published for Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi and Apion uestitum Philippi and Philippi. Apion fuegianum Enderlein and A. pingue Beguin-Billecocq are synonymized with N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), new synonymy. Noterapionini (new tribe) is erected for Noterapion Kissinger (type genus) within Apioninae. Extension of a phylogenetic analysis of Brentidae s. lato by Wanat (2001) places Noterapion near the base of Apioninae and shows the genus sharing various symplesiomorphies with primitive apionid subfamilies from Africa and not found otherwise in the New World apionids.
The weevils are associated with the southern beech, Nothofagus Blume (in Nothofagaceae, see Manos, 1997), also known from the Australasian Region. Noterapion meorrhynchum develops in abandoned cynipid wasp leaf galls. The combination of a plant host with biogeographic significance and the possession of very primitive characters suggests that Noterapion may represent an ancient lineage dating back to the time of the Cretaceous and the breakup of Gondwana.
Sucht man nach Gründen für die Präsenz der Romane Dostojewskis in der gegenwärtigen globalen Kultur und insbesondere auf den Theaterbühnen Europas und der Welt, so stößt man zunächst auf eine Rezeptionsgeschichte, die bereits mehr als ein Jahrhundert andauert. Die Romane haben sowohl in ihrer Form als auch in ihrem Inhalt die literarische und kulturelle Moderne entscheidend vorangetrieben, sie bieten aber zugleich auch ein Beispiel radikaler Modernekritik und offenbaren mit besonderer Deutlichkeit die Ambivalenz der Moderne, die ihr Gegenteil oder ihren Widerspruch, die Antimoderne, in sich birgt. In besonders scharfer Form tritt dies in der Antinomie zu Tage, die sich in allen Romanen belegen lässt: sie stellt die schöpferische, originelle, ursprüngliche, mystisch-tiefe russische Kultur gegen die technisch-materialistische, sterile, abgeleitete, westliche Zivilisation. Am deutlichsten manifestiert sich diese Antinomie in Sankt Petersburg, in der Stadt, die unter dem Zwang der Neuerung und des Wandels stand, und in der die Instabilität von Menschenbild und Menschenordnung besonders krass zu Tage trat.
Die Dramen Anton Tschechows werden heute auf allen Bühnen der Welt aufgeführt. Tschechows Präsenz stellt nicht nur alle anderen russischen Dramatiker in den Schatten, er übertrifft an Einfluss und Wirkung viele westliche Dramatiker, die noch vor wenigen Jahrzehnten unsere Bühnen beherrschten. Nicht nur im deutschen, englischen, französischen, tschechischen oder polnischen Theater haben die Dramen sich durchgesetzt, auch außerhalb Europas, z.B. in China und Japan, lassen sich 'Die Möwe', 'Onkel Wanya', 'Drei Schwestern' und 'Der Kirschgarten' nicht mehr aus dem Repertoire fortdenken. Im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts haben mehrere Generationen von Regisseuren versucht, sich die Ausdruckssprache dieser Dramen anzueignen, und ein großes Spektrum an sehr verschiedenartigen Interpretationen erarbeitet. Eine Richtung der Inszenierungen betont die Nähe zum Realismus oder Naturalismus, eine andere zum Symbolismus, ein dritte zur Groteske oder zum absurden Theater, wieder andere versuchen sich in einer radikalen Aktualisierung im Sinn von Postmoderne oder Popkultur. Nicht von ungefähr fällt eine besonders intensive Phase der Auseinandersetzung in die zweite Hälfte und mehr noch in das letzte Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts, eine Epoche, in der das Vertrauen auf technischen Fortschritt und unbegrenztes Wachstum der Sorge um den Erhalt der natürlichen Grundlagen der menschlichen Zivilisation gewichen ist. Die Präsenz auf nahezu allen Bühnen der Welt, die Vielfalt der Deutungen und deren Nähe zu den drängenden Fragen der Gegenwart ist die erste, sichtbarste Schicht von Tschechows Welttheater.
The New Caledonian Archipelago is a hot spot for biodiversity and endemism. Whereas popular groups such as birds and plants are well-studied, invertebrate groups such as ostracods remain ill-known. Here, we re-describe Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010, originally described from Thailand (8000 km away from New Caledonia), and describe Strandesia mehesi sp. nov. Both species are known only from females. Material for the present study was collected from diverse aquatic non-marine habitats from Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. Whereas S. sanoamuangae is seemingly easily identifiable, S. mehesi sp. nov. is part of the Strandesia vinceguerrae/vavrai species cluster in the genus, of which the 'older' species (described long ago) often have incomplete and superficial descriptions. Differentiation between the new species and the other members of this species cluster are based on small anatomical details of the valves. The current paper updates the known number of recent freshwater Ostracoda of New Caledonia from 14 to 16 species, although at least five of these species have an uncertain status.
This paper examines how questions, both Wh-questions and yes-no questions, are phrased in Chimwiini, a Bantu language spoken in southern Somalia. Questions do not require any special phrasing principles, but Wh-questions do provide much evidence in support of the principle Align-Foc R, which requires that focused or emphasized words/constituents be located at the end of a phonological phrase. Question words and enclitics are always focused and thus appear at the end of a phrase. Although questions do not require any new phrasing principles, they do display complex accentual (tonal) behavior. This paper attempts to provide an account of these accentual phenomena.
We focus in this paper on two prosodic phenomena in Chimwiini: vowel length and accent (or High tone). Vowel length is determined in part by a lexical distinction between long and short vowels, and also by various morphophonemic processes that derive long vowels. Accent is penult in the default case, but final under certain morphosyntactic conditions. In order to account for the distribution of vowel length and the location of accents in a Chimwiini sentence, it is necessary to segment sentences into a sequence of phonological phrases. This paper examines the phonological phrasing of both canonical relative clauses and what we refer to as "pseudo-relative" clauses. An account of relative clause phrasing is of critical importance in Chimwiini due to the extensive use of pseudo-relatives in the language. Close examination of the pseudo-relatives reveals that their phrasing is not exactly the same as the phrasing of canonical relative clauses.
Preposition-noun combinations (PNCs) are compositional and productive, but not fully regular. In school grammars and many theoretical approaches, PNCs are neglected, but they have recently been addressed in an HPSG analysis by Baldwin et al. (2006). After discussing some basic properties of PNCs, we show that statistical methods can be employed to prove that PNCs are indeed productive and compositional, which again implies that PNCs should receive a syntactic analysis. Such an analysis, however, is impeded by the limited regularity of the construction. We will point out why adding semantic conditions to syntactic schemata might be necessary but not sufficient and turn then to a framework which allows the derivation of syntactic (and semantic) generalizations from linguistic data without taking recourse to introspective judgments.
This paper discusses the behavior of picture NP reflexives in German and English. Taking the analysis of Pollard/Sag (1994) as a starting point, we show that their main conclusion for English, viz. that picture NP reflexives are exempt from Principle A, does not apply to German. As a first step, we present an alternative formulation of Principle A for German. But the principles proposed for German and English do not offer any explanation for the universal behavior of anaphors if they cannot be related to each other. We thusn propose a more general Principle A to hold universally. Individual, language-specific instantiations of this Principle A are derived from determining certain parameter settings.