Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (30139)
- Part of Periodical (11860)
- Book (8242)
- Doctoral Thesis (5653)
- Part of a Book (3662)
- Working Paper (3374)
- Review (2872)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2307)
- Preprint (1849)
- Report (1544)
Language
- German (42167)
- English (28605)
- French (1067)
- Portuguese (723)
- Multiple languages (307)
- Croatian (302)
- Spanish (301)
- Italian (194)
- mis (174)
- Turkish (148)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (74313) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (1038)
- Literatur (804)
- taxonomy (746)
- Deutschland (542)
- Rezension (491)
- new species (441)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (341)
- Rezeption (322)
- Geschichte (292)
- Linguistik (268)
Institute
- Medizin (7509)
- Präsidium (5123)
- Physik (4171)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2664)
- Extern (2661)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2368)
- Biowissenschaften (2149)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1964)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (1611)
- Informatik (1591)
Highlights
• Increased values in SVD, suggesting reduced oxygen extraction fraction (OEF).
• Vascular dysfunction and microstructural impairment limit OEF capacity.
• Association between prolonged and more alkaline intracellular pH.
• Adaptation of intracellular energy metabolism compensates for reduced OEF.
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate whether combined phosphorous (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and quantitative T′2 mapping are able to detect alterations of the cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and intracellular pH (pHi) as markers the of cellular energy metabolism in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).
Materials and methods: 32 patients with SVD and 17 age-matched healthy control subjects were examined with 3-dimensional 31P MRSI and oxygenation-sensitive quantitative T′2 mapping (1/T′2 = 1/T2* - 1/T2) at 3 Tesla (T). PHi was measured within the white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in SVD patients. Quantitative T′2 values were averaged across the entire white matter (WM). Furthermore, T′2 values were extracted from normal-appearing WM (NAWM) and the WMH and compared between patients and controls.
Results: Quantitative T′2 values were significantly increased across the entire WM and in the NAWM in patients compared to control subjects (149.51 ± 16.94 vs. 138.19 ± 12.66 ms and 147.45 ± 18.14 vs. 137.99 ± 12.19 ms, p < 0.05). WM T′2 values correlated significantly with the WMH load (ρ=0.441, p = 0.006). Increased T′2 was significantly associated with more alkaline pHi (ρ=0.299, p < 0.05). Both T′2 and pHi were significantly positively correlated with vascular pulsatility in the distal carotid arteries (ρ=0.596, p = 0.001 and ρ=0.452, p = 0.016).
Conclusions: This exploratory study found evidence of impaired cerebral OEF in SVD, which is associated with intracellular alkalosis as an adaptive mechanism. The employed techniques provide new insights into the pathophysiology of SVD with regard to disease-related consequences on the cellular metabolic state.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by distinct motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders are the most frequent and challenging non-motor symptoms in PD patients, and there is growing evidence that they are a consequence of disruptions within the circadian system. PD is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the dorsal vagal nucleus and midbrain dopaminergic neurons together with an imbalance of many other neurotransmitters. Mutations in α-synuclein (SNCA), a protein modulating SNARE complex-dependent neurotransmission, trigger dominantly inherited PD variants and sporadic cases of PD. The A53T SNCA missense mutation is associated with an autosomal dominant early-onset familial PD. To test whether this missense mutation affects the circadian system, we analyzed the spontaneous locomotor behavior of non-transgenic wildtype mice and transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human A53T α-synuclein (A53T). The mice were subjected to entrained- and free-running conditions as well as to experimental jet lag. Furthermore, the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Free-running circadian rhythm and, thus, circadian rhythm generation, were not affected in A53T mice. A53T mice entrained to the light–dark cycle, however, with an advanced phase angle of 2.65 ± 0.5 h before lights off. Moreover, re-entrainment after experimental jet lag was impaired in A53T mice. Finally, VGLUT2 immunoreaction was reduced in the SCN of A53T mice. These data suggest an impaired light entrainment of the circadian system in A53T mice.
The dopamine (DA) system plays a major role in cognitive functions through its interactions with several brain regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Conversely, disturbances in the DA system contribute to cognitive deficits in psychiatric diseases, yet exactly how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we show, using mice with disease-relevant alterations in DA signaling (D2R-OE mice), that deficits in working memory (WM) are associated with impairments in the WM-dependent firing patterns of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The WM-dependent phase-locking of DA neurons to 4 Hz VTA-PFC oscillations is absent in D2R-OE mice and VTA-PFC synchrony deficits scale with their WM impairments. We also find reduced 4 Hz synchrony between VTA DA neurons and selective impairments in their representation of WM demand. These results identify how altered DA neuron activity—at the level of long-range network activity and task-related firing patterns—may underlie cognitive impairments.
Objective: Trauma patients (TP) frequently develop an imbalanced immune response that often causes infectious postinjury complications. Monocytes show a diminished capability of both producing proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation after trauma. TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 recognize pathogens and subsequently activate monocytes. While there are conflictive data about TLR2 and TLR4 expression after trauma, no studies about the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and HLA-DR on monocytes from TP after their secondary ex vivo-in vitro “hit” have been reported.
Methods/Results: Ex vivo-in vitro lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated blood from TP showed diminished interleukin- (IL-) 1β-release in TP for five postinjury days compared to healthy volunteers (HV). The recovery was observed at day 5. In parallel, monocytes from TP showed an impaired capability of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 expression after secondary stimulation compared to HV, while the measurement of unstimulated samples showed significant reduction of TLR4 and TLR9 at ED. Furthermore, HLA-DR decreased after trauma and was even more profound by stimulation of monocytes. Ratio of monocytes to leukocytes was significantly increased at days 6 and 7 after trauma compared to HV.
Conclusion: Impaired expression of TLRs and HLA-DR in acute inflammatory conditions may be responsible for the well-described monocyte paralysis after severe trauma.
To overcome poor treatment response of pediatric high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), novel treatment strategies are required to reactivate programmed cell death in this malignancy. Therefore, we take advantage of using small-molecule antagonists of Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, so called Smac mimetics such as BV6, which are described to overcome apoptosis resistance and thereby sensitize tumor cells for several apoptotic stimuli. To address the question whether redox alterations can sensitize leukemic cells for Smac mimetic-mediated cell death, we interfered with the cellular redox status in different ALL cell lines. Here, we show for the first time that redox alterations, mediated by the glutathione depleting agent Buthioninesulfoximine (BSO), prime ALL cells for BV6-induced apoptosis. Besides ALL cell lines, BV6/BSO cotreatment similarly synergizes in cell death induction in patient-derived primary leukemic samples. In contrast, the combination treatment does not exert any cytotoxicity against peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) or mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) from healthy donors, suggesting some tumor selectivity of this treatment. We also identify the underlying molecular mechanism of the novel synergistic drug interaction of BSO and BV6. We demonstrate that both agents act in concert to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and finally apoptotic cell death. Enhanced ROS levels in the combination treatment account for cell death induction, since several ROS scavengers, like NAC, MnTBAP and Trolox attenuate BSO/BV6-induced apoptosis. BSO/BV6-induced ROS can be mainly classified as lipid peroxides, since the vitamin E derivate α-Tocopherol as well as Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which both specifically reduce lipid-membrane peroxides, prevent lipid peroxidation, caspase activation and cell death induction. Vice versa, GPX4 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of GPX4 by RSL3 or Erastin enhance BV6-induced cell death. Importantly, cell death induction critically depends on the formation of a complex consisting of RIP1/FADD/Caspase-8, since all complex components are required for ROS production, lipid peroxidation and cell death induction. Taken together, we demonstrate that BSO and BV6 cooperate to induce ROS production and lipid peroxidation which are eventually required for caspase activation and cell death execution. Collectively, findings of this study indicate that BV6-induced apoptosis is mediated via redox alterations offering promising new treatment strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in ALL.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses via multiple mechanisms. TGF-β also importantly contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment thereby promoting tumor growth. Amongst others, TGF-β impairs tumor recognition by cytotoxic lymphocytes via NKG2D. NKG2D is a homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on virtually all human NK cells and cytotoxic T cells, and stimulates their effector functions upon engagement by NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL). While NKG2DL are mostly absent from healthy cells, their expression is induced by cellular stress and malignant transformation, and, accordingly, frequently detected on various tumor cells. Hence, the NKG2D axis is thought to play a decisive role in cancer immunosurveillance and, obviously, often is compromised in clinically apparent tumors. There is mounting evidence that TGF-β, produced by tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, plays a key role in blunting the NKG2D-mediated tumor surveillance. Here, we review the current knowledge on the impairment of NKG2D-mediated cancer immunity through TGF-β and discuss therapeutic approaches aiming at counteracting this major immune escape pathway. By reducing tumor-associated expression of NKG2DL and blinding cytotoxic lymphocytes through down-regulation of NKG2D, TGF-β is acting upon both sides of the NKG2D axis severely compromising NKG2D-mediated tumor rejection. Consequently, novel therapies targeting the TGF-β pathway are expected to reinvigorate NKG2D-mediated tumor elimination and thereby to improve the survival of cancer patients.
IFRS 9 introduces new impairment rules responding to the G20 critique that IAS 39 results in the delayed and insufficient recognition of credit losses. In a case study of a Greek government bond for the period 2009 to 2011 when Greece’s credit rating declined sharply, this study highlights the discretion that preparers have when estimating impairments. IFRS 9 relies more on management expectations and will lead to earlier impairments. However, these appear still delayed and low if compared to the fair value losses.
O presente artigo trata da consciência filosófica expressa nas formulações de T. W. Adorno quanto ao desvanecimento da ética como possibilidade inerente ao ato educativo. Tendo em vista compreender o significado do termo "doutrina da vida reta" que, nas palavras de Adorno, teria caído em esquecimento na atualidade, o presente texto revisita o pensamento ético de Aristóteles, procurando elucidar o seu sentido imanente à educação. Por fim, extrairemos desse percurso algumas preocupações referentes ao problema da educação contemporânea sob a ótica das formulações de Adorno.
This paper investigates the role that imperfect knowledge about the structure of the economy plays in the formation of expectations, macroeconomic dynamics, and the efficient formulation of monetary policy. Economic agents rely on an adaptive learning technology to form expectations and to update continuously their beliefs regarding the dynamic structure of the economy based on incoming data. The process of perpetual learning introduces an additional layer of dynamic interaction between monetary policy and economic outcomes. We find that policies that would be efficient under rational expectations can perform poorly when knowledge is imperfect. In particular, policies that fail to maintain tight control over inflation are prone to episodes in which the public's expectations of inflation become uncoupled from the policy objective and stagflation results, in a pattern similar to that experienced in the United States during the 1970s. Our results highlight the value of effective communication of a central bank's inflation objective and of continued vigilance against inflation in anchoring inflation expectations and fostering macroeconomic stability. July 2003.
Imperialism is the domination of one state by another. This paper sketches a nonrepublican account of domination that buttresses this definition of imperialism. It then defends the following claims. First, there is a useful and defensible distinction between colonial and liberal imperialism, which maps on to a distinction between what I will call coercive and liberal domination. Second, the main institutions of contemporary globalization, such as the WTO, the IMF, the World Bank, etc., are largely the instruments of liberal imperialism; they are a reincarnation of what Karl Kautsky once called ‘ultraimperialism’. Third, resistance to imperialism can no longer be founded on a fundamental right to national self-determination. Such a right is conditional upon and derivative of a more general right to resist domination.
À guisa de conclusão, e de acordo com Morais e Correia (1993), as causas da crise que vivem as populações pastoris e agropastoris do Sul de Angola que, inclusivamente as põem em risco de extinção, são os fracos apoios nos serviços de produção animal, a degradação da captação e retenção da água e a liberalização do comércio. Daí que, ao invés de se fazer dos Ovimbundu bode expiatório de alguns dos males que afectam esses grupos, dever-se-ia, como é óbvio, reforçar as capacidades locais, visando promover uma melhor adaptação dos Muíla, Kuvale e outros grupos da região para integrá-los, da melhor maneira, no contexto social e económico vigente em Angola. Isso não é apenas uma acção humanitária, mas o respeito dos direitos das populações marginalizadas e que necessitam também de se sentiram cidadãos. Por outras palavras: uma questão de Direitos Humanos.
Wohl kaum wird der amerikanische "Imperator" den gefangenen "Barbaren von Bagdad" im Triumphwagen durch die Straßen von Washington ziehen lassen, auch wenn sich die publizistische Rhetorik seit den Kriegen gegen Afghanistan und den Irak mit Vergleichen zwischen dem antiken Rom und dem neuen Amerika förmlich überschlägt. "Sind die Amerikaner die Römer unserer Zeit?", fragt sich als einer unter vielen der Publizist und Althistoriker Peter Bender. Expansionen der alten wie der neuen Imperatoren werden miteinander verglichen, Parallelen und Unterschiede in der geographischen Lage, in den Interessen und Willen der Akteure ausgemacht. So habe bei den Amerikanern der Sendungsglaube als universale Macht schon am Anfang des Imperiums und nicht erst an dessen Ende wie bei den Römern gestanden. Roms Ostkriege und der kalteOst-West-Krieg hingegen zeitigten dasselbe historische Ergebnis: "Davor waren Rom und Amerika die ersten Weltmächte ihrer Zeit, danach waren sie die einzigen." Von "Aufstiegen" ist die Rede, nicht aber von "Untergängen", wie es die zyklischen Zivilisationsgeschichten der Kulturmorphologen verkünden. Das hat seinen Grund. Hinter der Analyse kommt Normatives zum Vorschein, wenn es um den Schutz der "Zivilisation des Abendlandes" in "einer künftigen Welt" geht, "in der andere Kulturen sich gegen den 'Westen' behaupten, stärken und vordringen …" Bender lässt das imperium romanum nicht untergehen, weil er das amerikanische Imperium als Bollwerk westlicher Kultur braucht. ...
The Corona pandemic has painfully taught us the threat of new pathogens in a globalized world and how vital modern vaccines are. Platform technologies play an important role in the discovery of new vaccines as reducing the time for the development dramatically — time that saves lives. Here, we present the protein Dodecin and how it may be utilized as a versatile platform technology to produce cheap and robust new vaccines for everyone in all parts of the world.
Der Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epileptologie und die Kommission „Epilepsie und Synkopen“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie haben die aktuelle Datenlage zur Impfung zur Vorbeugung der Corona-Virus-Krankheit 2019 (COVID-19) sowie zur Impfpriorisierung bei Menschen mit Epilepsie gesichtet, diese zusammengefasst und geben die unten genannten Empfehlungen ab.
Einleitung
Das MUTARS® RS Cup-System der Firma implantcast GmbH (Buxtehude, Deutschland) ergänzt seit 2012 die Implantatgruppe der Abstützschalen mit seitlichen Laschen, die der operativen Versorgung ausgedehnter Acetabulumdefekte dienen. Diese technisch weiterentwickelte Revisionspfanne wird mittels Press-Fit Methode in das Acetabulum eingebracht und im Anschluss mit dem passenden Inlay zementfrei als integriertes System gekoppelt. Somit steht dieses innovative Konzept in Konkurrenz zu dem seit vielen Jahrzehnten angewandten BS-Ring, bei dem das Inlay in die Revisionspfanne einzementiert werden muss. Da Alterungsprozesse die Materialeigenschaften des Zements verändern, kann diese Fixierung im Lauf der Zeit brüchig werden. Lockerungen des Inlays bis hin zum Ausbrechen der Zementfixierung aus der Revisionspfanne sind die komplikationsträchtige Konsequenz. Durch Verwendung der MUTARS® RS Cup als integriertes System lassen sich diese Schnittstelle und die damit verbundenen Nachteile vermeiden. Neben der Möglichkeit, einen Standard-Prothesenkopf zu implantieren, kann das System für luxationsgefährdete Patienten problemlos und ebenfalls zementfrei auf ein tripolares Prothesendesign erweitert werden. Diese Arbeit beschreibt den Einsatz des MUTARS® RS Cup-Systems sowohl in der primären Acetabulumchirurgie als auch im Rahmen aufwendiger Revisionseingriffe nach endoprothetischen Hüftgelenkoperationen und zeigt geeignete Indikationen sowie Anwendungsbeschränkungen auf. Aspekte der präoperativen Planung und der intraoperativen Handhabung des Systems werden ebenso abgebildet wie Komplikationen, die sich im kurz- bis mittelfristigen postoperativen Intervall ergaben.
Material und Methode
In diese retrospektive Studie wurden alle Patienten eingeschlossen, die im Zeitraum von März 2016 bis März 2021 eine Implantation des MUTARS® RS Cup-Systems am Universitätsklinik Frankfurt am Main erhielten.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden 52 Implantationen bei 49 Patienten durchgeführt, wobei sich das Studienkollektiv aus 28 Männern und 21 Frauen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 76,1 (Spannweite 36,9-94,4) Jahren zusammensetzt. Elf unterschiedliche Ursachen lagen den Acetabulumdefekten zugrunde. Wir implantierten das integrierte System erfolgreich sowohl bei Indikationen, die eine Wechseloperation der Prothesenpfanne notwendig machten, als auch bei Patienten mit schwerwiegenden primären Acetabulumfrakturen sowie instabilen Defekten anderer Genese. In mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle handelte es sich bei dem Indexeingriff um eine Revisionsarthroplastik des betreffenden Hüftgelenks und 80% der Patienten wiesen einen ausgedehnten Substanzdefekt auf (Paprosky-Typ 3A oder höher). Eine arterielle Nachblutung, fünf tiefe Wundinfektionen (10%) sowie sechs Luxationen des Prothesenkopfs (12%) – wobei diese in zwei Fällen mit einer sekundären Dislokation der Revisionspfanne einherging – führten zu Folgeinterventionen. Innerhalb des 5-jährigen Auswertungszeitraums wurden fünf der 52 MUTARS® RS Cup-Systeme explantiert (drei aufgrund septischer und zwei bei aseptisch-mechanischer Ursache), was einer Ausfallrate von 9,6% entspricht.
Schlussfolgerung
Eine älter werdende Gesellschaft und die steigende Zahl an Erstimplantationen einer H-TEP verdeutlichen die Forderung nach innovativen Systemen, wie sie gerade bei chirurgisch komplexen Revisionsarthroplastiken dringend benötigt werden. Entsprechend den Erfahrungen unserer Universitätsklinik und basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Studie liefert das MUTARS® RS Cup-System einen wertvollen Beitrag in dieser Fragestellung. Bei korrekter Indikationsstellung lässt sich eine gute Primärstabilität des Systems erzielen, weshalb es aus unserer Sicht ein sicheres Revisionssystem zur Wiederherstellung einer stabilen Gelenksituation bei schwerwiegenden Acetabulumverletzungen darstellt. Das technisch überarbeitete System überzeugt zudem durch seine zuverlässige intraoperative Handhabung und seine hervorragende Modularität, wobei die zahlreichen Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der einzelnen Prothesenkomponenten eine vielseitige Anwendung gewährleisten.
Background: Osteoinductive bone substitutes are defined by their ability to induce new bone formation even at heterotopic implantation sites. The present study was designed to analyze the potential osteoinductivity of two different bone substitute materials in caprine muscle tissue.
Materials and methods: One gram each of either a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or an hydroxyapatite/silicon dioxide (HA/SiO2)-based nanocrystalline bone substitute material was implanted in several muscle pouches of goats. The biomaterials were explanted at 29, 91 and 181 days after implantation. Conventional histology and special histochemical stains were performed to detect osteoblast precursor cells as well as mineralized and unmineralized bone matrix.
Results: Both materials underwent cellular degradation in which tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast-like cells and TRAP-negative multinucleated giant cells were involved. The ß-TCP was completely resorbed within the observation period, whereas some granules of the HA-groups were still detectable after 180 days. Neither osteoblasts, osteoblast precursor cells nor extracellular bone matrix were found within the implantation bed of any of the analyzed biomaterials at any of the observed time points.
Conclusions: This study showed that ß-TCP underwent a faster degradation than the HA-based material. The lack of osteoinductivity for both materials might be due to their granular shape, as osteoinductivity in goat muscle has been mainly attributed to cylindrical or disc-shaped bone substitute materials. This hypothesis however requires further investigation to systematically analyze various materials with comparable characteristics in the same experimental setting.
Implantatprothetische Versorgung von Lippen-, Kiefer-, Gaumenspalt-Patienten mit ITI-Implantaten
(2010)
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die implantatprothetische Rehabilitation von LKG-Patienten mit transgingivalen ITI-Implantaten mit einer dreimonatigen Einheilphase hinsichtlich Funktion, Ästhetik und Patientenzufriedenheit zu untersuchen. Insgesamt wurden bei 17 Patienten 24 Implantate im Bereich der ehemaligen Spalte inseriert. Diese wurde bei allen Patienten mit einer sekundären Osteoplastik geschlossen. Bei 14 Patienten wurde aufgrund eines insuffizienten Knochenangebotes eine Augmentation im Sinne einer tertiären Osteoplastik durchgeführt. Bei zwei Patienten konnte simultan implantiert werden. Alle Knochendefekte wurden mit autologen Transplantaten vom Beckenkamm oder Kieferwinkel augmentiert. Nach dreimonatiger Einheilphase wurden die Implantate mit verschraubten oder zementierten Suprakonstruktionen prothetisch versorgt. Die Mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ) wurde mit der Deutschen Kurzversion des Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G 14) gemessen und mit den Normwerten der Deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung verglichen. Das ästhetische Ergebnis wurde anhand von Farbfotos von Zahnärzten, zahnmedizinischen Laien und den Patienten selbst bewertet. Als objektives Messinstrument wurde der Implantat Kronen Ästhetik Index verwendet. Nach einer durchschnittlichen Nachuntersuchungszeit von 40 (±22) Monaten ergaben sich folgende Ergebnisse: 23 Implantate (95,8%) befanden sich in situ und unter Belastung. Der röntgenologisch gemessene marginale Knochenabbau betrug 1,15±2,16 mm. Des Weiteren wurden periimplantäre Sondierungstiefen von 2,56±0,66 mm, eine Breite der keratinisierten Mukosa von 2,71±1,1 mm und ein Periotestwert von 0,18±6,5 gemessen. Der Summenwert des OHIP G-14 betrug bei 50% der Patienten ≤ 2. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die implantatprothetische Versorgung von augmentierten LKG-Spalten mit transgingivalen ITI-Implantaten und einer Belastung nach drei Monaten eine sichere Behandlungsmethode mit langfristig hoher Erfolgsrate ist. Aus funktioneller Sicht sind die Ergebnisse vergleichbar mit Patienten ohne Spalte oder Augmentation. Die MLQ von LKG-Patienten nach implantatprothetischer Rehabilitation ist vergleichbar mit Individuen der Allgemeinbevölkerung, die keinen herausnehmbaren Zahnersatz tragen. Aufgrund von Einschränkungen im Bereich der periimplantären Weichgewebe sind die ästhetischen Resultate kompromittiert aber für alle Befragten zufriedenstellend. Der Implantat Kronen Ästhetik Index kann zur Dokumentation der ästhetischen Ergebnisse der implantologischen Behandlung von LKG-Patienten empfohlen werden. Das Ziel zukünftiger Konzepte sollte sein, das ästhetische Endresultat der periimplantären Weichgewebe zu verbessern. Da die funktionelle Belastung von transgingivalen Implantaten im augmentierten Spaltbereich nach drei Monaten zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt kein Standardvorgehen ist, müssen weitere Untersuchungen zeigen, inwieweit dieses Therapiekonzept eventuell höhere Verlustraten oder ästhetische Ergebnisse beeinflusst.
Microsurgical free flap reconstruction in acute burn care offers the option of reconstructing even challenging defects in a single stage procedure. Due to altered rheological and hemodynamic conditions in severely burned patients, it bears the risk of a higher complication rate compared to microsurgical reconstruction in other patients. To avoid failure, appropriate indications for free flap reconstruction should be reviewed thoroughly. Several aspects concerning timing of the procedure, individual flap choice, selection and preparation of the recipient vessels, and perioperative measures must be considered. Respecting these specific conditions, a low complication rate, comparable to those seen in microsurgical reconstruction of other traumatic limb defects, can be observed. Hence, the free flap procedure in acute burn care is a relatively safe and reliable tool in the armamentarium of acute burn surgery. In reconstructive burn care, microsurgical tissue transfer is routinely used to treat scar contractures. Due to the more robust perioperative condition of patients, even lower rates of complication are seen in microsurgical reconstruction.