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Institute
Eine Ausstellung des Jüdischen Museum Frankfurt zeigte vor einigen Jahren eine umfangreiche Sammlung von Postkarten mit antisemitischen Darstellungen, Abbildungen und Zeichnungen. Die Ausstellung führte vor Augen, wie gängig antisemitische Motive bereits bei der Einführung der Postkarte 1870 im alltäglichen Leben waren. Auf Grußkarten zu Geburtstagen und aus dem Urlaub wurden – mal unzweideutig, mal in Form subtiler Karikaturen – antisemitische Bildpolemiken verbreitet. Die kleinen Zeichnungen, die tausendfach ihren Weg in Privathaushalte gefunden haben mussten (anders lassen sich die zahlreichen Exemplare, die man noch immer auf Flohmärkten erwerben kann, nicht erklären), zeigen genauso wie wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Forschungen zur Rassenlehre und Anthropologie, dass der spezifisch „jüdische Körper“ keine Erfindung der Nationalsozialisten war. Diese griffen für ihre antisemitische Ideologie auf Ideen, wissenschaftliche Forschungen und rassistische Paradigmen zurück, die bereits seit dem 19. Jahrhundert entwickelten. Judenfeindliche Bilddarstellungen freilich gab es bereits im frühen Mittelalter. Und doch kann man die „Herstellung des jüdischen Körpers“ als nationalsozialistisches Projekt bezeichnen, waren doch Zentrum und Fundament der nationalsozialistischen Weltanschauung der propagierte Unterschied zwischen Rassen, allen voran zwischen „Ariern“ und Juden. Welche Bedeutung und Dimension die Vorstellung von der jüdischen Physiognomie während des Nationalsozialismus, vor allem für die Verfolgten hatte, und welche Auswirkungen dies auf die Praxis der Verfolgung und die Praktiken des Sich-Entziehens hatte, wird im Folgenden zu schildern sein. Juden wurden aus einem einzigen Grund gejagt: weil sie Juden waren. Die nähere Betrachtung der Verfolgungspraxis soll zeigen, dass die rassistische und antisemitische Ideologie auch unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf die Wahrnehmung des „jüdischen Körpers“ hatte.
Der literarische Mythos des Dr. Faust – Ansätze und Eckpunkte einer Phänomenologie im Überblick
(2013)
Due to its multidimensional model of identity, the literary myth of Dr. Faustus is suitable for a phenomenological analysis. This paper investigates this identity model as well as the most important aspects that must taken into account in this respect: its modulations, interpretations and variations, the instances of relevant expression that the literary myth of Dr. Faustus has adopted in its transformations across cultures and time.
The present contribution is meant as an approach to the debate mentioned in the heading. It is important to find ways, to make on one side the learning and the cultivation of the German language attractive for the young people and on the other side to regain again the peoples’ conscious, here and there, for the centuries-long German culture and history. Teachers of both sexes as well as the students who are going to become teachers are the future multipliers par excellence. Due to a variety of integral pedagogical and linguistic didactical concepts –meant simultaneously for transmitting information, meeting, exchange and networking – there have to be found innovative ideas, precise proposals have to be worked out, which both also strengthen the social relevance of the local Institutions and German Departments respectively Faculties, which qualify teachers for the German language and providing in this way a contribution to the harmonization of the civil society.
On a close examination, the Romanian cultural space suggests the existance of a spiritual and cultural incompatibility between Romanian existential feeling and the Faustian man, endowed with the personality and character of Faustus. The Faustian character, Faustus and his literary myth have been imported in Romanian culture. Under the circumstances, this paper investigates the manner in which Faustian aspects and motives reflect in Romanian literature.
Es wird deutlich, dass in Sachen Saatkrähe nun der erste Schritt gemacht wurde – weitere werden in den nächsten Jahren folgen. Für die nächste Saison wurden die notwendigen Maßnahmen in der Arbeitsgruppe bereits beschlossen. So wird das Wäldchen in Menzenbrock für eine Ansiedelung weiter optimiert und die Nester im alten Koloniestandort werden abermals entfernt. Mit einer erneuten Vergrämungsaktion am Krankenhausparkplatz und im Wäldchen am Altenheim soll die Umsiedlung nach Menzenbrock vorangetrieben werden. Der endgültige Umzug wird nach jetzigem Kenntnisstand aber erst in einigen Jahren abgeschlossen sein. So lange gilt es durchzuhalten und kooperativ zusammenzustehen.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes a multitude of nosocomial infections. The Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter adhesin (Ata) belongs to the superfamily of trimeric autotransporter adhesins which are important virulence factors in many Gram-negative species. Phylogenetic profiling revealed that ata is present in 78% of all sequenced A. baumannii isolates but only in 2% of the closely related species A. calcoaceticus and A. pittii. Employing a markerless ata deletion mutant of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 we show that adhesion to and invasion into human endothelial and epithelial cells depend on Ata. Infection of primary human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with A. baumannii led to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in a time- and Ata-dependent manner. Furthermore, infection of HUVECs by WT A. baumannii was associated with higher rates of apoptosis via activation of caspases-3 and caspase-7, but not necrosis, in comparison to ∆ata. Ata deletion mutants were furthermore attenuated in their ability to kill larvae of Galleria mellonella and to survive in larvae when injected at sublethal doses. This indicates that Ata is an important multifunctional virulence factor in A. baumannii that mediates adhesion and invasion, induces apoptosis and contributes to pathogenicity in vivo.
We present measurements of exclusive ensuremathπ+,0 and η production in pp reactions at 1.25GeV and 2.2GeV beam kinetic energy in hadron and dielectron channels. In the case of π+ and π0 , high-statistics invariant-mass and angular distributions are obtained within the HADES acceptance as well as acceptance-corrected distributions, which are compared to a resonance model. The sensitivity of the data to the yield and production angular distribution of Δ (1232) and higher-lying baryon resonances is shown, and an improved parameterization is proposed. The extracted cross-sections are of special interest in the case of pp → pp η , since controversial data exist at 2.0GeV; we find \ensuremathσ=0.142±0.022 mb. Using the dielectron channels, the π0 and η Dalitz decay signals are reconstructed with yields fully consistent with the hadronic channels. The electron invariant masses and acceptance-corrected helicity angle distributions are found in good agreement with model predictions.
We performed an experiment under long-term microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to obtain information on the energetics and experimental constraints required for the formation of chondrules in the solar nebula by ’nebular lightning’. As a simplified model system, we exposed porous forsterite (Mg2 SiO4) dust particles to high-energetic arc discharges. The characterization of the samples after their return by synchrotron microtomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed that aggregates had formed, consisting of several fused Mg2SiO4 particles. The partial melting and fusing of Mg2SiO4 dust particles under microgravity conditions leads to a strong reduction of their porosity. The experimental outcomes vary strongly in their appearance from small spherical melt-droplets (∅≈90 µm) to bigger and irregularly shaped aggregates (∅≈350 µm). Our results provided new constraints with respect to energetic aspects of chondrule formation and a roadmap for future and more complex experiments on Earth and in microgravity conditions.