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Using the NA49 main TPC, the central production of hyperons has been measured in CERN SPS Pb - Pb collisions at 158 GeV c-1. The preliminary ratio, studied at 2.0 < y < 2.6 and 1 < pT < 3 GeV c-1, equals ~ (13 ± 4)% (systematic error only). It is compatible, within errors, with the previously obtained ratios for central S + S [1], S + W [2], and S + Au [3] collisions. The fit to the transverse momentum distribution resulted in an inverse slope parameter T of 297 MeV. At this level of statistics we do not see any noticeable enhancement of hyperon production with the increased volume (and, possibly, degree of equilibration) of the system from S + S to Pb + Pb. This result is unexpected and counterintuitive, and should be further investigated. If confirmed, it will have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms leading to the enhanced strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions.
In order to determine the influence of OH and O2H-radicals on proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution was treated with Fenton’s reagent [Fe(II)SO4+EDTA+H2O2] and with ultraviolet light (λ > 2800 Å) in the presence of H2O2. The action of free radicals produced in this way did not change the properties of the native protein with respect to the sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge or optical rotatory dispersion and electrophoresis under normal conditions. Ampèrometric titration indicated partial oxidation of SH-groups and of 3—5 SS-groups which are not reducible by NaBH4.
Heat aggregation investigated by means of light-scattering was suppressed at pH 7.5 and strongly accelerated at pH 4.6 (range of coagulation), the latter being a result of increased entropy of activation of coagulation velocity.
The difference spectrum against native BSA had positive values of Δε and two maxima at 2480 and 2950 Å.
Ultracentrifugation at room temperature in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3, μ=0.18) furnishes a molecular weight of 63 300. In a solution of 8 M urea and borate buffer (pH 9, μ=0.05) fragments with molecular weights between 25 000 and 37 000 were observed while in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3, without urea) at temperatures higher than 46 °C an anomalous behaviour of the concentration gradient indicated an effect which possibly depends on a dissociation equilibrium.
As a consequence oxygen radicals seem to attack not only SH- and SS-groups but at least one covalent bond of the peptide chain. Some experiments of heat aggregation with BSA treated with γ-rays (60Co) gave the same results as BSA treated with Fenton’s reagent or UV-light+H2O2.
We report measurements of Xi and Xi-bar hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0.12 for Xi, and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for Xi-bar, leading to the ratio of Xi-bar/Xi = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi particles in Pb+Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi production in properly scaled p+p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi production in Pb+Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions.
Background: Real‐world evidence is sparse on the benefits of allergen immunotherapy [AIT; subcutaneous/sublingual immunotherapy (SCIT/SLIT)], the only disease‐modifying intervention for allergic rhinitis (AR) with long‐term efficacy. This real‐life study evaluated the effect of six AITs (native pollen SLIT/SCIT, four allergoid SCITs) vs symptomatic medication use, on AR symptoms and asthma symptoms/onset, in patients with birch pollen‐associated AR and/or asthma.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis of a German longitudinal prescription database, AIT patients received ≥2 successive seasonal treatment cycles; non‐AIT patients had ≥3 AR prescriptions in three seasons or previous month. Patients were matched for: index year, age, gender, main indication at index, number of seasonal cycles within treatment period, baseline AR/asthma treatment prescriptions. Multiple regression analysis compared prescription data in AIT and non‐AIT groups as proxy for clinical status/disease progression.
Results: Up to 6 years of follow‐up, significantly more AIT (65.4%) vs non‐AIT (47.4%) patients were AR medication‐free; odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.51 [(0.48‐0.54); P < 0.001] (28.6% covariate‐adjusted reduction vs non‐AIT; P < 0.001), and significantly more AIT (49.1%) vs non‐AIT (35.1%) patients were asthma medication‐free [OR (95% CI): 0.59 (0.55‐0.65); P < 0.001] (32% reduction vs non‐AIT; P < 0.001), or reduced existing asthma medication use (32% covariate‐adjusted reduction vs non‐AIT; P < 0.001). During treatment, new‐onset asthma risk was significantly reduced in the AIT vs non‐AIT group (OR: 0.83; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Birch pollen AIT demonstrated real‐world benefits up to 6 years post‐treatment cessation through significantly reduced AR and asthma medication intake, and significantly decreased risk of new‐onset asthma medication use on‐treatment.
We report on the production of inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector at backward (−4.46<ycms<−2.96) and forward (2.03<ycms<3.53) rapidity down to zero transverse momentum. The production cross sections of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) are presented, as well as the nuclear modification factor and the ratio of the forward to backward yields of Υ(1S). A suppression of the inclusive Υ(1S) yield in p-Pb collisions with respect to the yield from pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions is observed at forward rapidity but not at backward rapidity. The results are compared to theoretical model calculations including nuclear shadowing or partonic energy loss effects.
We report on the production of inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector at backward (−4.46<ycms<−2.96) and forward (2.03<ycms<3.53) rapidity down to zero transverse momentum. The production cross sections of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) are presented, as well as the nuclear modification factor and the ratio of the forward to backward yields of Υ(1S). A suppression of the inclusive Υ(1S) yield in p-Pb collisions with respect to the yield from pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions is observed at forward rapidity but not at backward rapidity. The results are compared to theoretical model calculations including nuclear shadowing or partonic energy loss effects.
Transverse momentum spectra of π±, K± and p(p¯) up to pT = 20 GeV/c at mid-rapidity in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√= 2.76 TeV have been measured using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT≈3GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions. Below the peak, pT < 3 GeV/c, both ratios are in good agreement with hydrodynamical calculations, suggesting that the peak itself is dominantly the result of radial flow rather than anomalous hadronization processes. For pT > 10 GeV/c particle ratios in pp and Pb-Pb collisions are in agreement and the nuclear modification factors for π±, K± and p(p¯) indicate that, within the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the suppression is the same. This suggests that the chemical composition of leading particles from jets in the medium is similar to that of vacuum jets.
Preliminary data on phi production in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon are presented, measured by the NA49 experiment in the hadronic decay channel phi - K+K-. At mid-rapidity, the kaons were separated from pions and protons by combining dE/dx and time-of-flight information; in the forward rapidity range only dE/dx identification was used to obtain the rapidity distribution and a rapidity-integrated mt-spectrum. The mid-rapidity yield obtained was dN/dy = 1.85 ± 0.3 per event; the total phi multiplicity was estimated to be 5.0 ± 0.7 per event. Comparison with published pp data shows a slight, but not very significant strangeness enhancement.