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HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genetic diversity modulates response to lithium in bipolar affective disorders
(2021)
Le Clerc, Sigrid ; Lombardi, Laura ; Amare, Azmeraw T. ; Schubert, Klaus Oliver ; Hou, Liping ; Clark, Scott R. ; Papiol, Sergi ; Cearns, Micah ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Tekola-Ayele, Fasil ; Hsu, Yi-Hsiang ; Shekhtman, Tatyana ; Adli, Mazda ; Akula, Nirmala ; Akiyama, Kazufumi ; Ardau, Raffaella ; Arias, Bárbara ; Aubry, Jean-Michel ; Backlund, Lena ; Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar ; Bellivier, Frank ; Benabarre, Antonio ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Birner, Armin ; Brichant-Petitjean, Clara ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chen, Hsi-Chung ; Chillotti, Caterina ; Cichon, Sven ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Dalkner, Nina ; Dayer, Alexandre ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Del Zompo, Maria ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Étain, Bruno ; Jamain, Stephane ; Falkai, Peter ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Frisen, Louise ; Frye, Mark A. ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gard, Sébastien ; Garnham, Julie S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Grof, Paul ; Hashimoto, Ryota ; Hauser, Joanna ; Herms, Stefan ; Hoffmann, Per ; Jiménez, Esther ; Kahn, Jean-Pierre ; Kassem, Layla ; Kuo, Po-Hsiu ; Kato, Tadafumi ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa ; König, Barbara ; Kusumi, Ichiro ; Laje, Gonzalo ; Landén, Mikael ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Leckband, Susan G. ; Tortorella, Alfonso ; Manchia, Mirko ; Martinsson, Lina ; McCarthy, Michael J. ; McElroy, Susan ; Colom, Francesc ; Millischer, Vincent ; Mitjans, Marina ; Mondimore, Francis Mark ; Monteleone, Palmiero ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Novák, Tomas ; O'Donovan, Claire ; Ozaki, Norio ; Ösby, Urban ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Potash, James B. ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Rybakowski, Janusz K. ; Schalling, Martin ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schweizer, Barbara W. ; Severino, Giovanni ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Shimoda, Katzutaka ; Simhandl, Christian ; Slaney, Claire M. ; Pisanu, Claudia ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stamm, Thomas ; Stopkova, Pavla ; Maj, Mario ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vieta, Eduard ; Veeh, Julia ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Wright, Adam ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Bauer, Michael ; Alda, Martin ; Rietschel, Marcella ; McMahon, Francis J. ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Spadoni, Jean-Louis ; Boukouaci, Wahid ; Richard, Jean-Romain ; Le Corvoisier, Philippe ; Barrau, Caroline ; Zagury, Jean-François ; Leboyer, Marion ; Tamouza, Ryad
Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness, for which lithium (Li) is the gold standard for acute and maintenance therapies. The therapeutic response to Li in BD is heterogeneous and reliable biomarkers allowing patients stratification are still needed. A GWAS performed by the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) has recently identified genetic markers associated with treatment responses to Li in the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) region. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, we have genetically imputed the classical alleles of the HLA region in the European patients of the ConLiGen cohort. We found our best signal for amino-acid variants belonging to the HLA-DRB1*11:01 classical allele, associated with a better response to Li (p < 1 × 10−3; FDR < 0.09 in the recessive model). Alanine or Leucine at position 74 of the HLA-DRB1 heavy chain was associated with a good response while Arginine or Glutamic acid with a poor response. As these variants have been implicated in common inflammatory/autoimmune processes, our findings strongly suggest that HLA-mediated low inflammatory background may contribute to the efficient response to Li in BD patients, while an inflammatory status overriding Li anti-inflammatory properties would favor a weak response.
White matter abnormalities across different epilepsy syndromes in adults: an ENIGMA Epilepsy study
(2019)
Hatton, Sean N. ; Huynh, Khoa H. ; Bonilha, Leonardo ; Abela, Eugenio Cecilio ; Alhusaini, Saud ; Altmann, André ; Alvim, Marina K. M. ; Balachandra, Akshara R. ; Bartolini, Emanuele ; Bender, Benjamin ; Bernasconi, Neda ; Bernasconi, Andrea ; Bernhardt, Boris ; Bargallo, Núria ; Caldairou, Benoit ; Caligiuri, Maria Eugenia ; Carr, Sarah J. A. ; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L. ; Cendes, Fernando ; Concha, Luis ; Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil ; Desmond, Patricia M. ; Devinsky, Orrin ; Doherty, Colin P. ; Domin, Martin ; Duncan, John S. ; Focke, Niels K. ; Foley, Sonya F. ; Gambardella, Antonio ; Gleichgerrcht, Ezequiel ; Guerrini, Renzo ; Hamandi, Khalid ; Ishikawa, Akari ; Keller, Simon S. ; Kochunov, Peter V. ; Kotikalapudi, Raviteja ; Kreilkamp, Barbara A. K. ; Kwan, Patrick ; Labate, Angelo ; Langner, Sönke ; Lenge, Matteo ; Liu, Min ; Lui, Elaine ; Martin, Pascal ; Mascalchi, Mario ; Moreira, José Carlos Vasques ; Morita-Sherman, Marcia Elisabete ; O’Brien, Terence J. ; Pardoe, Heath R. ; Pariente Zorrilla, José Carlos ; Ribeiro, Letı́cia F. ; Richardson, Mark Philip ; Rocha, Cristiane S. ; Rodrı́guez-Cruces, Raúl ; Rosenow, Felix ; Severino, Mariasavina ; Sinclair, Benjamin ; Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid ; Striano, Pasquale ; Taylor, Peter N. ; Thomas, Rhys H. ; Tortora, Domenico ; Velakoulis, Dennis ; Vezzani, Annamaria ; Vivash, Lucy ; Podewils, Felix von ; Vos, Sjoerd B. ; Weber, Bernd ; Winston, Gavin P. ; Yasuda, Clarissa L. ; Thompson, Paul M. ; Jahanshad, Neda ; Sisodiya, Sanjay M. ; McDonald, Carrie R.
The epilepsies are commonly accompanied by widespread abnormalities in cerebral white matter. ENIGMA-Epilepsy is a large quantitative brain imaging consortium, aggregating data to investigate patterns of neuroimaging abnormalities in common epilepsy syndromes, including temporal lobe epilepsy, extratemporal epilepsy, and genetic generalized epilepsy. Our goal was to rank the most robust white matter microstructural differences across and within syndromes in a multicentre sample of adult epilepsy patients. Diffusion-weighted MRI data were analyzed from 1,069 non-epileptic controls and 1,249 patients: temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (N=599), temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI (N=275), genetic generalized epilepsy (N=182) and nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy (N=193). A harmonized protocol using tract-based spatial statistics was used to derive skeletonized maps of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity for each participant, and fiber tracts were segmented using a diffusion MRI atlas. Data were harmonized to correct for scanner-specific variations in diffusion measures using a batch-effect correction tool (ComBat). Analyses of covariance, adjusting for age and sex, examined differences between each epilepsy syndrome and controls for each white matter tract (Bonferroni corrected at p<0.001). Across “all epilepsies” lower fractional anisotropy was observed in most fiber tracts with small to medium effect sizes, especially in the corpus callosum, cingulum and external capsule. Less robust effects were seen with mean diffusivity. Syndrome-specific fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity differences were most pronounced in patients with hippocampal sclerosis in the ipsilateral parahippocampal cingulum and external capsule, with smaller effects across most other tracts. Those with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal MRI showed a similar pattern of greater ipsilateral than contralateral abnormalities, but less marked than those in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Patients with generalized and extratemporal epilepsies had pronounced differences in fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, corona radiata and external capsule, and in mean diffusivity of the anterior corona radiata. Earlier age of seizure onset and longer disease duration were associated with a greater extent of microstructural abnormalities in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. We demonstrate microstructural abnormalities across major association, commissural, and projection fibers in a large multicentre study of epilepsy. Overall, epilepsy patients showed white matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum, cingulum and external capsule, with differing severity across epilepsy syndromes. These data further define the spectrum of white matter abnormalities in common epilepsy syndromes, yielding new insights into pathological substrates that may be used to guide future therapeutic and genetic studies.
Prados-Torres, Alexandra ; Cura-González, Isabel del ; Prados-Torres, Daniel ; López-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio ; Leiva-Fernández, Francisca ; Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia ; López-Verde, Fernando ; Gimeno-Feliu, Luis Andres ; Escortell-Mayor, Esperanza ; Pico-Soler, Victoria ; Sanz-Cuesta, Teresa ; Bujalance-Zafra, Mª Josefa ; Morey-Montalvo, Mariel ; Boxó-Cifuentes, José Ramón ; Poblador-Plou, Beatriz ; Fernández-Arquero, José Manuel ; González-Rubio, Francisca ; Ramiro-González, María D. ; Coscollar-Santaliestra, Carlos ; Martín-Fernández, Jesús ; Barnestein-Fonseca, Mª Pilar ; Valderas-Martínez, José María ; Marengoni, Alessandra ; Muth, Christiane
Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people’s health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12 months, as compared with usual care.
Methods/Design: Design: pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65–74 years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3 months). Sample size: n = 400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle.
Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799
Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
(2017)
Kong, Xiang-Zhen ; Mathias, Samuel R. ; Guadalupe, Tulio ; Abé, Christoph ; Agartz, Ingrid ; Akudjedu, Theophilus N. ; Andre, Aleman ; Saud, Alhusaini ; Allen, Nicholas B. ; Ames, David ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Arias Vásquez, Alejandro ; Armstrong, Nicola J. ; Bergo, Felipe ; Bastin, Mark E. ; Batalla, Albert ; Bauer, Jochen ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Baur, Ramona ; Biederman, Joseph ; Blaine, Sara K. ; Boedhoe, Premika ; Bøen, Erlend ; Bose, Anushree ; Bralten, Janita ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Brem, Silvia ; Brodaty, Henry ; Bröhl, Henrieke ; Brooks, Samantha J. ; Buitelaar, Jan K. ; Bürger, Christian ; Bülow, Robin ; Calhoun, Vince D. ; Calvo, Anna ; Canales-Rodrı́guez, Erick Jorge ; Canive, Jose M. ; Cannon, Dara M. ; Caparelli, Elisabeth C. ; Castellanos, Francisco X. ; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L. ; Cendes, Fernando ; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany Moukbel ; Chantiluke, Kaylita ; Chen, Qun-lin ; Chen, Xiayu ; Cheng, Yuqi ; Christakou, Anastasia ; Clark, Vincent P. ; Coghill, David ; Connolly, Colm G. ; Conzelmann, Annette ; Cόrdova-Palomera, Aldo ; Cousijn, Janna ; Crow, Tim ; Cubillo, Ana ; Dannlowski, Udo ; de Bruttopilo, Sara Ambrosino ; Zeeuw, Patrick de ; Deary, Ian J. ; Delanty, Norman ; Demeter, Damion V. ; Di Martino, Adriana ; Dickie, Erin W ; Dietsche, Bruno ; Doan, N. Trung ; Doherty, Colin P. ; Doyle, Alysa ; Durston, Sarah ; Earl, Eric ; Ehrlich, Stefan ; Ekman, Carl Johan ; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn ; Epstein, Jeffery N. ; Fair, Damien A. ; Faraone, Stephen V. ; Fatouros-Bergman, Helena ; Fernndez, Guillen ; Busatto Filho, Geraldo ; Flyckt, Lena ; Forster, Katharina ; Jean-Paul, Fouche ; Foxe, John J. ; Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Garavan, Hugh ; Garcia, Danielle do Santos ; Gotlib, Ian H. ; Goudriaan, Anna E. ; Grabe, Hans Jörgen ; Groenewold, Nynke A. ; Grotegerd, Dominik ; Gruber, Oliver ; Gurholt, Tiril ; Haavik, Jan ; Hahn, Tim ; Hansell, Narelle K. ; Harris, Mathew A. ; Hartman, Catharina ; Hernandez, Maria del Carmen Valdes ; Heslenfeld, Dirk ; Hester, Robert ; Hibar, Derrek Paul ; Ho, Beng-Choon ; Ho, Tiffany C. ; Hoekstra, Pieter J. ; van Holst, Ruth J. ; Hoogman, Martine ; Hovik, Marie F. ; Howells, Fleur M. ; Hugdahl, Kenneth ; Huyser, Chaim ; Ingvar, Martind ; Irwin, Lourdes ; Ishikawa, Akari ; James, Anthony ; Jahanshad, Neda ; Jernigan, Terry L. ; Jönsson, Erik G. ; Kahler, Claas ; Kaleda, Vasily ; Kelly, Clare ; Kerich, Michael ; Keshavan, Matcheri S ; Khadka, Sabin ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kohls, Gregor ; Konrad, Kerstin ; Korucuoglu, Ozlem ; Krämer, Bernd ; Krug, Axel ; Kwon, Jun Soo ; Lambregts-Rommelse, Nanda ; Landén, Mikael ; Lázaro, Luisa ; Lebedeva, Irina ; Lenroot, Rhoshel ; Lesch, Klaus-Peter J. ; Li, Qinqin ; Lim, Kelvin O. ; Liu, Jia ; Lochner, Christine ; London, Edythe D. ; Lonning, Vera ; Lorenzetti, Valentina ; Luciano, Michelle ; Luijten, Maartje ; Lundervold, Astri J. ; Mackey, Scott ; MacMaster, Frank P. ; Maingault, Sophie ; Malpas, Charles B. ; Malt, Ulrik F. ; Mataix-Cols, David ; Martin-Santos, Rocio ; Mayer, Andrew R. ; McCarthy, Hazel ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Mueller, Bryon A. ; Maniega, Susana Munoz ; Mazoyer, Bernard ; McDonald, Colm ; McLellan, Quinn ; McMahon, Katie L. ; McPhilemy, Genevieve ; Momenan, Reza ; Morales, Angelica M. ; Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C. ; Moreira, José Carlos Vasques ; Nerland, Stener ; Nestor, Liam ; Nigg, Joel T. ; Nordvik, Jan-Egil ; Novotny, Stephanie ; Oberwelland, Eileen ; O’Gorman, Ruth L. ; Oosterlaan, Jaap ; Oranje, Bob ; Orr, Catherine ; Overs, Bronwyn ; Pauli, Paul ; Paulus, Martin ; Plessen, Kerstin ; Polier, Georg von ; Pomarol-Clotet, Edith ; Qiu, Jiang ; Radua, Joaquim ; Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni ; Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan ; Reif, Andreas ; Roberts, Gloria ; Rosa, Pedro ; Rubia, Katya ; Sacchet, Matthew D. ; Sachdev, Perminder S. ; Salvador, Raymond ; Schmaal, Lianne ; Schweren, Lisanne ; Seidman, Larry J. ; Seitz, Jochen ; Serpa, Mauricio Henriques ; Shaw, Philip ; Shumskaya, Elena ; Silk, Timothy J. ; Simmons, Alan N. ; Simulionyte, Egle ; Sinha, Rajita ; Sjoerds, Zsuzsika ; Smelror, Runar Elle ; Soliva, Joan Carlos ; Solowij, Nadia ; Sponheim, Scott R. ; Stein, Dan J. ; Stein, Elliot A. ; Stevens, Michael ; Strike, Lachlan T. ; Sudre, Gustavo ; Sui, Jing ; Tamm, Leanne ; Temmingh, Hendrik S. ; Thoma, Robert J. ; Tomyshev, Alexander S. ; Tronchin, Giulia ; Turner, Jessica A. ; Uhlmann, Anne ; van Erp, Theo G.M. ; van den Heuvel, Odile ; van der Meer, Dennis ; Eijk, Liza van ; Vance, Alasdair ; Veer, Ilya M. ; Veltman, Dick J. ; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan ; Vilarroya, Oscar ; Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda ; Voineskos, Aristotle N. ; Völzke, Henry ; Vuletic, Daniella ; Walitza, Susanne ; Walter, Henrik ; Walton, Esther ; Wardlaw, Joanna M. ; Wen, Wei ; Westlye, Lars T. ; Whelan, Christopher D. ; White, Tonya ; Wiers, Reinout W. ; Wright, Margaret J. ; Wittfeld, Katharina ; Yang, Tony T. ; Yasuda, Clarissa L. ; Yoncheva, Yuliya ; Yucel, Murat ; Yun, Je-Yeon ; Zanetti, Marcus Vinicius ; Zhen, Zonglei ; Zhu, Xing-xing ; Ziegler, Georg Christoph ; Zierhut, Kathrin ; De Zubicaray, Greig ; Zwiers, Marcel P. ; Glahn, David C. ; Franke, Barbara ; Crivello, Fabrice ; Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie ; Fisher, Simon E. ; Thompson, Paul M. ; Francks, Clyde ; Farde, Lars ; Engberg, Goran ; Erhardt, Sophie ; Cervenka, Simon ; Schwieler, Lilly ; Piehl, Fredrik ; Collste, Karin ; Victorsson, Pauliina ; Malmqvist, Anna ; Hedberg, Mikael ; Orhan, Funda
Hou, Liping ; Bergen, Sarah E. ; Akula, Nirmala ; Song, Jie ; Hultman, Christina M. ; Landén, Mikael ; Adli, Mazda ; Alda, Martin ; Ardau, Raffaella ; Arias, Bárbara ; Aubry, Jean-Michel ; Backlund, Lena ; Badner, Judith A. ; Barrett, Thomas B. ; Bauer, Michael ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bellivier, Frank ; Benabarre Hernandez, Antonio ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Berrettini, Wade H. ; Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Birner, Armin ; Bloss, Cinnamon S. ; Brichant-Petitjean, Clara ; Bui, Elise T. ; Byerley, William ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chillotti, Caterina ; Cichon, Sven ; Colom, Francesc ; Coryell, William ; Craig, David W. ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Davis, Tony ; Dayer, Alexandre ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Del Zompo, Maria ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; Étain, Bruno ; Falkai, Peter ; Foroud, Tatiana ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Frisén, Louise ; Frye, Mark A. ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gard, Sébastien ; Garnham, Julie S. ; Gershon, Elliot S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Greenwood, Tiffany A. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Hauser, Joanna ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie ; Herms, Stefan ; Hipolito, Maria ; Hitturlingappa, Shashi ; Hoffmann, Per ; Hofmann, Andrea ; Jamain, Stephane ; Jiménez, Esther ; Kahn, Jean-Pierre ; Kassem, Layla ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Kliwicki, Sebastian ; Koller, Daniel L. ; König, Barbara ; Lackner, Nina ; Laje, Gonzalo ; Lang, Maren ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Lawson, William B. ; Leboyer, Marion ; Leckband, Susan G. ; Liu, Chunyu ; Maaser, Anna ; Mahon, Pamela B. ; Maier, Wolfgang ; Maj, Mario ; Manchia, Mirko ; Martinsson, Lina ; McCarthy, Michael J. ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McInnis, Melvin G. ; McKinney, Rebecca ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Mitjans, Marina ; Mondimore, Francis Mark ; Monteleone, Palmiero ; Mühleisen, Thomas W. ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Novák, Tomas ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Nwulia, Evaristus A. ; Ösby, Urban ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Potash, James B. ; Propping, Peter ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva ; Rice, John ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Rybakowski, Janusz K. ; Schalling, Martin ; Scheftner, William A. ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schork, Nicholas J. ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Schumacher, Johannes ; Schweizer, Barbara W. ; Severino, Giovanni ; Shekhtman, Tatyana ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Simhandl, Christian ; Slaney, Claire M. ; Smith, Erin N. ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stamm, Thomas ; Stopkova, Pavla ; Streit, Fabian ; Strohmaier, Jana ; Szelinger, Szabolcs ; Tighe, Sarah K. ; Tortorella, Alfonso ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vieta, Eduard ; Volkert, Julia ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Wright, Adam ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Zhang, Peng ; Zollner, Sebastian ; McMahon, Francis J.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the Xchromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87×10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53×10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
Randall, Joshua C. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Kutalik, Zoltán ; I. Berndt, Sonja ; Jackson, Anne U. ; Monda, Keri L. ; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O. ; Esko, Tõnu ; Mägi, Reedik ; Li, Shengxu ; Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Croteau-Chonka, Damien C. ; Day, Felix R. ; Fall, Tove ; Ferreira, Teresa ; Gustafsson, Stefan ; Locke, Adam E. ; Mathieson, Iain ; Scherag, André ; Vedantam, Sailaja ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Liang, Liming ; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T. ; Dimas, Antigone S. ; Karpe, Fredrik ; Min, Josine L. ; Nicholson, George ; Clegg, Deborah J. ; Person, Thomas ; Krohn, Jon P. ; Bauer, Sabrina ; Buechler, Christa ; Eisinger, Kristina ; Bonnefond, Amélie ; Froguel, Philippe ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Waite, Lindsay L. ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Smith, Albert Vernon ; Shuldiner, Alan R. ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Caulfield, Mark J. ; Munroe, Patricia B. ; Grönberg, Henrik ; Chen, Yii-Der Ida ; Li, Guo ; Beckmann, Jacques S. ; Johnson, Toby ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ; Teder-Laving, Maris ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; Amin, Najaf ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Province, Michael A. ; Cupples, L. Adrienne ; Heard-Costa, Nancy L. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Ripatti, Samuli ; Surakka, Ida ; Collins, Francis S. ; Saramies, Jouko ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Jula, Antti ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Erdmann, Jeanette ; Hengstenberg, Christian ; Loley, Christina ; Schunkert, Heribert ; Lamina, Claudia ; Wichmann, Heinz Erich ; Albrecht, Eva ; Gieger, Christian ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Johansson, Åsa ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Kathiresan, Sekar ; Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Gyllensten, Ulf ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Campbell, Harry ; Wilson, James F. ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Farrall, Martin ; Goel, Anuj ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Estrada, Karol ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Hofman, Albert ; Zillikens, M. Carola ; Heijer, Martin den ; Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus ; Maschio, Andrea ; Hall, Per ; Tyrer, Jonathan ; Teumer, Alexander ; Völzke, Henry ; Kovacs, Peter ; Tönjes, Anke ; Mangino, Massimo ; Spector, Tim D. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Rudan, Igor ; Hall, Alistair S. ; Samani, Nilesh J. ; Attwood, Antony Paul ; Sambrook, Jennifer G. ; Hung, Joseph ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Lokki, Marja-Liisa ; Sinisalo, Juha ; Boucher, Gabrielle ; Huikuri, Heikki ; Lorentzon, Mattias ; Ohlsson, Claes ; Eklund, Niina ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Barlassina, Cristina ; Rivolta, Carlo ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Snieder, Harold ; Klauw, Melanie M. van der ; Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van ; Gejman, Pablo V. ; Shi, Jianxin ; Jacobs, Kevin B. ; Wang, Zhaoming ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Mateo Leach, Irene ; Navis, Gerjan ; Harst, Pim van der ; Martin, Nicholas Gordon ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Yang, Jian ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rose, Lynda M. ; Lehtimäki, Terho ; Raitakari, Olli ; Absher, Devin ; Iribarren, Carlos ; Basart, Hanneke ; Hovingh, Kees G. ; Hyppönen, Elina ; Power, Chris ; Power, Chris ; Anderson, Denise ; Beilby, John P. ; Hui, Jennie ; Jolley, Jennifer ; Sager, Hendrik ; Bornstein, Stefan R. ; Schwarz, Peter E. H. ; Kristiansson, Kati ; Perola, Markus ; Lindström, Jaana ; Swift, Amy J. ; Uusitupa, Matti ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Rauramaa, Rainer ; Bolton, Jennifer L. ; Fowkes, Gerry ; Fraser, Ross M. ; Price, Jackie F. ; Fischer, Krista ; KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mihailov, Evelin ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Luan, Jian'an ; Ong, Ken K. ; Chines, Peter S. ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M. ; Saaristo, Timo E. ; Edkins, Sarah ; Franks, Paul W. ; Hallmans, Göran ; Shungin, Dmitry ; Morris, Andrew David ; Palmer, Colin N. A. ; Erbel, Raimund ; Moebus, Susanne ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Pechlivanis, Sonali ; Hveem, Kristian ; Narisu, Narisu ; Hamsten, Anders ; Humphries, Steve E. ; Strawbridge, Rona J. ; Tremoli, Elena ; Grallert, Harald ; Thorand, Barbara ; Illig, Thomas ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Peters, Annette ; Böhm, Bernhard O. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; März, Winfried ; Winkelmann, Bernhard R. ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; Laakso, Markku ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Cesana, Giancarlo ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Yarnell, John W. G. ; Kuh, Diana ; Wong, Andrew ; Lind, Lars ; Faire, Ulf de ; Gigante, Bruna ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Pedersen, Nancy L. ; Dedoussis, George ; Dimitriou, Maria ; Kolovou, Genovefa ; Kanoni, Stavroula ; Stirrups, Kathleen ; Bonnycastle, Lori L. ; Njølstad, Inger ; Wilsgaard, Tom ; Ganna, Andrea ; Rehnberg, Emil ; Hingorani, Aroon ; Kivimaki, Mika ; Kumari, Meena ; Assimes, Themistocles L. ; Barroso, Inês ; Boehnke, Michael ; Borecki, Ingrid B. ; Deloukas, Panos ; Fox, Caroline S. ; Frayling, Timothy ; Groop, Leif C. ; Haritunians, Talin ; Hunter, David ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Kaplan, Robert ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; North, Kari E. ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Qi, Lu ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Abecasis, Gonçalo R. ; Stefansson, Kari ; Strachan, David P. ; Schlessinger, David ; O'Connell, Jeffrey R. ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van
Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.
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