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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
(2017)
Observation of enhanced subthreshold K+ production in central collisions between heavy nuclei
(1994)
In the very heavy collision system 197Au+197Au the K+ production process was studied as a function of impact parameter at 1 GeV/nucleon, a beam energy well below the free N-N threshold. The K+ multiplicity increases more than linearly with the number of participant nucleons and the K+/ pi + ratio rises significantly when going from peripheral to central collisions. The measured K+ double differential cross section is enhanced by a factor of 6 compared to microscopic transport calculations if secondary processes (Delta N-->K Lambda N and Delta Delta -->K Lambda N) are ignored.
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common B-cell lymphoma in children. Within the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of 39 sporadic BL. Here, we unravel interaction of structural, mutational, and transcriptional changes, which contribute to MYC oncogene dysregulation together with the pathognomonic IG-MYC translocation. Moreover, by mapping IGH translocation breakpoints, we provide evidence that the precursor of at least a subset of BL is a B-cell poised to express IGHA. We describe the landscape of mutations, structural variants, and mutational processes, and identified a series of driver genes in the pathogenesis of BL, which can be targeted by various mechanisms, including IG-non MYC translocations, germline and somatic mutations, fusion transcripts, and alternative splicing.
Background & Aims: NAFLD is a growing health concern. The aim of the Fatty Liver Assessment in Germany (FLAG) study was to assess disease burden and provide data on the standard of care from secondary care. Methods: The FLAG study is an observational real-world study in patients with NAFLD enrolled at 13 centres across Germany. Severity of disease was assessed by non-invasive surrogate scores and data recorded at baseline and 12 months. Results: In this study, 507 patients (mean age 53 years; 47% women) were enrolled. According to fibrosis-4 index, 64%, 26%, and 10% of the patients had no significant fibrosis, indeterminate stage, and advanced fibrosis, respectively. Patients with advanced fibrosis were older, had higher waist circumferences, and higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase as well as ferritin levels. The prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes increased with fibrosis stages. Standard of care included physical exercise >2 times per week in 17% (no significant fibrosis), 19% (indeterminate), and 6% (advanced fibrosis) of patients. Medication with either vitamin E, silymarin, or ursodeoxycholic acid was reported in 5%. Approximately 25% of the patients received nutritional counselling. According to the FibroScan-AST score, 17% of patients presented with progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 107). On follow-up at year 1 (n = 117), weight loss occurred in 47% of patients, of whom 17% lost more than 5% of body weight. In the weight loss group, alanine aminotransferase activities were reduced by 20%. Conclusions: This is the first report on NAFLD from a secondary-care real-world cohort in Germany. Every 10th patient presented with advanced fibrosis at baseline. Management consisted of best supportive care and lifestyle recommendations. The data highlight the urgent need for systematic health agenda in NAFLD patients. Lay summary: FLAG is a real-world cohort study that examined the liver disease burden in secondary and tertiary care. Herein, 10% of patients referred to secondary care for NAFLD exhibited advanced liver disease, whilst 64% had no significant liver scarring. These findings underline the urgent need to define patient referral pathways for suspected liver disease.
(1) Background: Refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (R-aGvHD) remains a leading cause of death after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Survival rates of 15% after four years are currently achieved; deaths are only in part due to aGvHD itself, but mostly due to adverse effects of R-aGvHD treatment with immunosuppressive agents as these predispose patients to opportunistic infections and loss of graft-versus-leukemia surveillance resulting in relapse. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from different tissues and those generated by various protocols have been proposed as a remedy for R-aGvHD but the enthusiasm raised by initial reports has not been ubiquitously reproduced.
(2) Methods: We previously reported on a unique MSC product, which was generated from pooled bone marrow mononuclear cells of multiple third-party donors. The products showed dose-to-dose equipotency and greater immunosuppressive capacity than individually expanded MSCs from the same donors. This product, MSC-FFM, has entered clinical routine in Germany where it is licensed with a national hospital exemption authorization. We previously reported satisfying initial clinical outcomes, which we are now updating. The data were collected in our post-approval pharmacovigilance program, i.e., this is not a clinical study and the data is high-level and non-monitored.
(3) Results: Follow-up for 92 recipients of MSC-FFM was reported, 88 with GvHD ≥°III, one-third only steroid-refractory and two-thirds therapy resistant (refractory to steroids plus ≥2 additional lines of treatment). A median of three doses of MSC-FFM was administered without apparent toxicity. Overall response rates were 82% and 81% at the first and last evaluation, respectively. At six months, the estimated overall survival was 64%, while the cumulative incidence of death from underlying disease was 3%.
(4) Conclusions: MSC-FFM promises to be a safe and efficient treatment for severe R-aGvHD.
Fragestellung: In zahlreichen Studien wurden die Regulationsmechanismen der endothelialen NO-Synthase aufgedeckt und untersucht. Neben vielen Faktoren, die bei der Aktivierung eine Rolle spielen, kommt der Phosphorylierung einzelner Aminosäuren des Proteins eine besondere Bedeutung zu. In dieser Arbeit werden die Aminosäure Threonin 495 und Serin 1177 untersucht mit der speziellen Fragestellung nach einer synergistischen Wirkung. Zielsetzung: Unter der Annahme, dass sowohl die Dephosphorylierung an Thr 495 als auch die Phosphorylierung an Ser 1177 zur Aktivierung der eNOS beitragen, wurde eine eNOS-Mutante untersucht, die an Thr 495 antiphosphomimetisch und an Ser 1177 phosphomimetisch substituiert wurde. Diese wurde in Bezug auf die Relaxationsfähigkeit mit dem Wildtyp der eNOS und einer eNOS verglichen, die ausschliesslich an Ser 1177 phosphomimetisch substituiert wurde. Material und Methoden: Für die Experimente wurden Knock-out-Mäuse verwendet deren Endothelzellen keine NO-Synthase exprimiert. Mit Hilfe eines Adenovirus als Vektor wurden die Endothelzellen der Arteria Carotis mit den entsprechenden eNOS Mutanten transfiziert. Im Organbad konnte das intakte Gefäß unter physiologischen Bedingungen auf die Reaktion nach Gabe von vasoaktiven Substanzen untersucht werden. Ergebnisse : Mit Hilfe der entwickelten Methode ist es möglich, die Relaxationsfähigkeit von Gefäßen aus eNOS-Knock-out-Mäusen wieder vollständig herzustellen. Im Relaxationsverhalten nach Stimulation mit Acetylcholin zeigten Gefäße, die jeweils mit einer der drei eNOS-Mutanten transfiziert waren, keinen großen Unterschied. Zur Vorspannung der Gefäße wurde jedoch deutlich mehr Phenylephrin benötigt bei den Gefäße, die mit der T495A/S1177D eNOS transfiziert waren. Nach Hemmung mit L-NAME kontrahierten diese Gefäße am stärksten und sie zeigten auch die höchste intazelluläre Konzentration basalen cGMPs im RIA. Schlussfolgerung : Die alleinige Phosphorylierung von Serin 1177 führt nicht zu einer vollständigen Aktivierung der eNOS, während eine Phosphorylierung an Serin 1177 in Kombination mit einer Dephosphorylierung von Threonin 495 die NO Produktion steigert und diese Endothelzellen basal hohe Konzentrationen an NO enthalten.