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This paper analyses the idea of the avant-garde in Benjamin and its reception in German literary criticism after World War II. It examines the works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger, who focus on the concept of avantgarde. This perspective allows us to broaden our reflection on German literary history since the end of World War II, and this contributes to the discussion on Postmodernism. The elaboration of the concept of allegory gives this discussion a clearer direction. Benjamin's key-notion of profane illumination was not received in a theoretical-philological way – but it materialized as experience in the students' revolt at the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s.