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Mutual grooming in two genera of silvanid beetles is described, and appears to be the first report of this behavior in the order Coleoptera. In Uleiota debilis (LeConte), allogrooming recipients were either stationary or moved away during the acts, without solicitation or facilitation. In Nausibius major Zimmermann, allogrooming was much more extensive and the individual being groomed appeared to facilitate the process by immobility or by changes in posture, there were no recognizable sexual overtones, no solicitations, and no avoidance movements. Gregarious behaviors of some other silvanid beetles are reviewed.
All Seychelles and Mascarene taxa are discussed. Two subfamilies, eight tribes, and 28 genera are keyed. Xenoderes, new genus, is proposed for Homoeodera snelli Jordan, 1924. New generic synonyms are: Achoragus Jordan, 1914 (=Gomphides Jordan, 1936); Corynaecia Jordan, 1914 (=Megatermis Jordan, 1937). New specific synonym is: Phloeobius longicornis (Fabricius) (=Anthribus cervinus Klug). Additional keys are provided for six genera.
The Virgin Islands (except St. Croix) are geologically part of the Puerto Rico Bank and biologically related to Puerto Rico, but their cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria) were not yet as well studied as those on Puerto Rico. To elucidate the number of species, life history, range distribution, and seasonal abundance of these cockroaches, we have conducted a quantitative study since June 2000 using a Malaise trap on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, in addition to other conventional collecting methods. We found 21 species: Blattella germanica (Linnaeus), Cariblatta antiguensis (Saussure and Zehntner), Cariblatta sp. 2, Cariblatta sp. 3, Colapteroblatta sp. 1, Eurycotis improcera Rehn, Eurycotis sp. 2, Euthlastoblatta facies (Walker), Hemiblabera brunneri (Saussure), Nyctibora lutzi Rehn and Hebard, Panchlora sagax Rehn and Hebard, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), P. australasiae (Fabricius), Plectoptera infulata Rehn and Hebard, P. rhabdota Rehn and Hebard, Plectoptera sp. 3, Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus), Symploce pararufi collis Roth, S. rufi collis (Fabricius), polyphagid sp. 1 (Compsodes sp. 1), and polyphagid sp. 2. Among them, nine are new records for the Virgin Islands and fi ve for Guana Island. In addition, Euthlastoblatta diaphana (Fabricius), Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn, Panchlora nivea (Linnaeus), P. viridis (Fabricius), and Rhyparobia maderae (Fabricius) were recorded historically but were not rediscovered. As a result, the number of species is increased from 17 to 26 for the Virgin Islands, and from 10 to 15 for Guana Island. Overall, only fi ve species are edifi carian and likely introduced. Nymphs of polyphagid sp. 2 and Euthlastoblatta facies are reported for the fi rst time as dwellers in termite runways. Only eight species came to the Malaise trap; their phenology illustrates close but not necessarily synchronic relationship with both the timing and amount of rainfall. Monthly abundance showed spring and fall highs and summer and winter lows. Yearly abundance reached lows when annual rainfall decreased below a threshold average of 2.0 mm per day. Seasonality and response to drought varied among species. This paper lays a foundation for further research on diversity of cockroaches from the Virgin Islands and their relationships with those from Puerto Rico.
The identity of Anthribus heros Fabricius (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), and lectotype designation
(2006)
The name Araecerus fasciculatus (DeGeer 1775) is resurrected for the coffee bean weevil, with the following synonyms: Bruchus cacao Fabricius 1775, Bruchus peregrinus Herbst 1797, Bruchus capsinicola Fabricius 1798, Anthribus coffeae Fabricius 1801, Amblycerus japonicus Thunberg 1815 (probably a synonym), Anthribus alternans Germar 1824, Phloeobius griseus of Stephens 1831, not Fabricius 1792, Cratoparis parvirostris Thomson 1858, Araecerus seminarius Chevrolat 1871, and Tropideres (Rhaphitropis) mateui Cobos 1954. Lectotypes are designated for A. fasciculatus, B. capsinicola, and A. alternans. A diagnosis distinguishes Araecerus from all 650 anthribid genera and a diagnosis for the species is as complete as possible with materials studied. Some additional species of Araecerus are discussed: Bruchus crassicornis Fabricius 1798 is distinguished from A. fasciculatus and a lectotype is designated. Araecerus suturalis Boheman 1839 is diagnosed and shown to be dissimilar from the species recently reported as A. suturalis from South Africa. The identity of Araecerus suturalis of Frieser, not Boheman, is not yet clear. Araecerus sambucinus Boisduval 1835 and Trepideres [sic] fragilis Walker 1859 may be synonyms of A. fasciculatus but pertinent data are insufficient. Brachytarsus niveovariegatus Roelofs 1879 (spelled nigrovariegatus by Bovie (1906)), listed as a synonym of A. fasciculatus by Wolfrurn (1929) is removed to Anthribus Forster 1770 with Anthribus lajievorus Chao 1976 as a new synonym.
This is a catalogue of 23 described and 6 undescribed genera, and 48 described and 157 undescribed species of West Indian Anthribidae distributed from the Bahamas to Grenada. Each described genus has author, date, page, type species and how designated, World distribution, number of World species, and synonyms. Each described species has author, date, page, original generic name if a transfer has occurred, type locality, sex and location of type(s) if known, synonyms, and island-by-island distribution. New taxa are numbered, with data on museum location and island distribution. There are brief comments on New World distributions as they relate to the Antilles, and on missing Suffrian and Wolfrum types.
Taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and biologies of Nearctic (and a few Neotropical and Pale arctic) Anthribidae are reviewed, new keys are provided, and four new genera and eleven new species are described. Allandrus Leconte, 1876 (=Tropiderinus Reitter, 1916). Anthribus Geoffrey, 1762 (=Pseudobrachytarsus Pierce, 1930). Araecerus Schoenherr, 1823 (=Araeocorynus Jekel, 1855); Araecerus coffeae Fabricius, 1801 (=Tropideres (Rhaphitropis) mateui Cobos, 1954). Brachycorynus n. gen., type species Tropideres rectus Leconte, 1876; congeneric: Homocloeus distentus Frieser, 1983 from Cuba and Florida, and B. hirsutus n. sp. from Texas. Choragus major n. sp., Ohio, etc., striolatus n. sp., Ohio, and exophthalmus n. sp., Virginia. Corrhecerus Schoenherr, 1826 (=Paranthribus Jordan, 1904) resulting in Corrhecerus rufescens (Jordan, 1904), new combination. Eurymycter Leconte, 1876, and Gonotropis Leconte, 1876, are removed from synonymy with Tropideres Schoenherr, 1823, and returned to full generic rank. Eusphyrus Leconte, 1876 is removed from synonymy with Ormiscus Waterhouse, 1845, and returned to full generic rank; Tropideres (Opisthotropis) vasconicus Hoffmann and Tempere, 1954, from France is transferred to Eusphyrus, with Opisthotropis a generic synonym; Eusphyrus pulicarius Boheman, 1859, Brasil, is transferred from Brachytarsus, and the species eusphyroides Schaeffer and quercus Schaeffer are transferred from Ormiscus. Gymnognathus triangularis n. sp., Texas. Habroxenus n. gen., type species H. politus n. sp., Texas and Maryland, also H. fuscus n. sp., Guatemala, and H. sarmenticola n. sp., Haiti. Neoxenus n. gen., type species N. versicolor n. sp., Texas, etc.; congeneric: Notioxenus ater and polius Jordan, 1907, Central America, andpallipes Suffrian, 1870, Cuba. Phoenicobiella trituberculata (Suffrian, 1870, Cuba) transferred from Toxonotus Lacordaire, 1866. Piesocorynus lateralis Jordan, 1906 (=P. virginicus Leng, 1918). Sicanthus n. gen., type species S. rhizophorae n. sp., Florida. Toxonotus bipunctatus Schaeffer, 1904 (=Neanthribus obtusus Jordan, 1906); Toxonotus penicellatus Schaeffer, 1906 (=Neanthribus segregus Jordan, 1906); Toxonotus vagus Horn, 1894 (=Neanthribus hieronymus Jordan, 1906). Trigonorhinus lepidus n. sp., California; Trigonorhinus limbatus Say, 1827 (=Brachytarsus plumbeus and B. vestitus Leconte, 1876, and Brachytarsoides minor, quadratus, quadratus ssp. nigrinus and rufodorsalis Dethlefsen, 1954); Trigonorhinus grise us Leconte, 1876 (=Brachytarsus riddelliae Schaeffer, 1906, and Brachytarsoides cylindratus, elongatus, nevadensis, nevadensis ssp. tigrinus, and vulgaris Dethlefsen, 1954); Trigonorhinus tomentosus Say, 1827 (=Brachytarsus paululus Casey, 1884, B. beyeri Schaeffer, 1906, B. franseria Barrett, 1931, and B. irregularis Tanner, 1934); Trigonorhinus zeae Wolfrum, 1931 (=Opanthribus trimaculatus Senoh, 1986); Trigonorhinus areolatus Boheman, 1845 (=Tropideres (Tropideres), bagueni Cobos, 1954, Spain). Introgressive hybridization is invoked for the Trigonorhinus limbatus-griseus complex. New keys are provided for the species of Brachycorynus, Choragus, Habroxenus, Neoxenus, Phoenicobiella, Trigonorhinus, and Eusphyrus, plus a new key to Nearctic tribes and genera, and a new Nearctic checklist. New distribution and life-history data are given for many species.