Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (9)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (9)
Keywords
- Burkina Faso (9) (remove)
Institute
- Frobenius Institut (2)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2)
- Philosophie und Geschichtswissenschaften (2)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (1)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (1)
- Exzellenzcluster Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen (1)
- Geowissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (1)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (1)
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAF) (1)
The Sahel has been the focus of scientific interest in environmental-human dynamics and interactions. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the recent debate on the re-greening of Sahel. The paper examines the dynamics of barren land in the Sahel of Burkina Faso through analysis of remotely-sensed and rainfall data from 1975–2011. Discussions with farmers and land management staff have helped to understand the anthropogenic efforts toward soil restoration to enable the subsistence farming agriculture. Results showed that area of barren land has been fluctuating during the study period with approximately 10-year cyclicity. Similarly, rainfall, both at national and local levels has followed the same trends. The trends of the area of barren land and rainfall variability suggest that when rainfall increases, the area of barren land decreases and barren land increases when rainfall decreases. This implies that rainfall is one of the main factors driving the change in area of barren land. In addition, humans have contributed positively and negatively to the change by restoring barren lands for agriculture using locally known techniques and by accelerating land degradation through intensive and inappropriate land use practices.
Understanding land cover degradation patterns and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity is important for guiding management decisions and restoration strategies in the Sahelian vulnerables zones. This paper describes land cover degradation by combining Landsat TM image analysis and field data measurements in the Gourouol catchment of the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Erdas Imagine 9.2 and Arc-GIS.10 were applied. The change patterns were obtained by superposing land cover maps for 1992 and 2010. The field data were collected by the mean of inventories according to the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological relevés methods. Plot sizes were 50 m x 20 m for woody species and 10 m x 10 m for herbaceous species. Six land cover types were identified and mapped: cultivated lands, bared lands, lowlands, which all spatially increased; and shrub-steppes, grasslands and water bodies, which all spatially decreased. The dynamic patterns based on the geomorphological units were non-degraded lowlands, stable sand dunes and degraded glacis. High plant diversity was found in lowlands, whereas low diversity occurred in glacis. A significant dissimilarity was observed between communities. The Shannon diversity indices in plant communities were approximately close to ln(species richness). The Pielou indices were close to 1, indicating a species fairly good distribution. Our results showed a variation of land cover over time and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity. Furthermore, this variation helps oppose land degradation in the Sahel.
Ebola in Liberia, Sierra Leone und Guinea; Boko Haram in Nigeria; Revolution in Burkina Faso. Politische Entwicklungen in Westafrika sind Teil der täglichen Berichterstattung in Deutschland. Diese Ereignisse bieten Anlass, sich mit den politischen Strukturen und potentiellen Entwicklungen der Regime in Westafrika zu beschäftigen. In fünf westafrikanischen Ländern sind 2015 Präsidentschaftswahlen geplant. Nigeria macht am 28. März den Anfang. Es folgen dann Togo (Mitte April), Burkina Faso, Guinea und Côte d’Ivoire (alle im Oktober).
Dieser Beitrag ist der Beginn einer vierteiligen Serie zu diesen Wahlen. Im ersten Teil werden allgemeine Trends der Regimeentwicklung in Westafrika vorgestellt und eine Analyse der Situation in Nigeria präsentiert. Im zweiten Teil geht es dann um die Wahlen in Togo, im dritten um die Wahlen im Oktober und schließlich im letzten Teil um einen Vergleich der fünf Wahlprozesse.
NGO brokers between local needs and global norms: trajectories of development actors in Burkina Faso
(2021)
Local NGO brokers in Africa and beyond negotiate and mediate between (inter)national donors and potential beneficiaries within their communities. They translate local needs into development projects to make them suitable for international donors. This article looks at two main conditions that influence their work: First, windows of opportunity, which open and close according to structures and institutions beyond their sphere of influence; and second, their personality and skills. Based on two case studies from Burkina Faso, this article offers insights into biographies and life stories of such brokers where engagement leads to a distinguished lifestyle that contains aspects of cosmopolitanism and distinctiveness.
NGO brokers between local needs and global norms: trajectories of development actors in Burkina Faso
(2021)
Local NGO brokers in Africa and beyond negotiate and mediate between (inter)national donors and potential beneficiaries within their communities. They translate local needs into development projects to make them suitable for international donors. This article looks at two main conditions that influence their work: First, windows of opportunity, which open and close according to structures and institutions beyond their sphere of influence; and second, their personality and skills. Based on two case studies from Burkina Faso, this article offers insights into biographies and life stories of such brokers where engagement leads to a distinguished lifestyle that contains aspects of cosmopolitanism and distinctiveness.
This article explores and discusses one of the main findings of the author’s recent dissertation, namely that parents’ and pupils’ choice of language of instruction in formal schooling depends on its social prestige. The author first reviews the latest research on language in education in sub-Saharan Africa, and asks why indigenous languages are so rarely used in formal schooling in this region, despite political demands for their greater use and ample scientific research showing their positive effects. Burkina Faso exemplifies this seemingly contradictory situation. Indigenous languages and French are complementary in formal and non-formal schooling as well as in areas of informal education; however, a closer look at the areas of application of each language reveals that indigenous languages have lower prestige than French, as well as lower expected and required outcomes. This is one possible explanation for the low usage rates of indigenous languages in formal schooling and reveals the extent to which the choice of language of instruction depends on its social prestige.