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Background: Individuals afflicted with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit altered fundamental movement patterns. However, there is a lack of validated analysis tools. The present study aimed to elucidate the measurement properties of a functional movement analysis (FMA) in patients with CLBP.
Methods: In this validation (cross-sectional) study, patients with CLPB completed the FMA. The FMA consists of 11 standardised motor tasks mimicking activities of daily living. Four investigators (two experts and two novices) evaluated each item using an ordinal scale (0–5 points, one live and three video ratings). Interrater reliability was computed for the total score (maximum 55 points) using intra class correlation and for the individual items using Cohen’s weighted Kappa and free-marginal Kappa. Validity was estimated by calculating Spearman’s Rho correlations to compare the results of the movement analysis and the participants’ self-reported disability, and fear of movement.
Results: Twenty-one participants (12 females, 9 males; 42.7 ± 14.3 years) were included. The reliability analysis for the sum score yielded ICC values between .92 and.94 (p < .05). The classification of individual scores are categorised "slight" to "almost perfect" agreement (.10–.91). No significant associations between disability or fear of movement with the overall score were found (p > .05). The study population showed comparably low pain levels, low scores of kinesiophobia and disability.
Conclusion: The functional movement analysis displays excellent reliability for both, live and video rating. Due to the low levels of disability and pain in the present sample, further research is necessary to conclusively judge validity.
A legislação que fundamenta a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência na escola e na empresa vigora desde o final dos anos 1980. Devido à obrigatoriedade, pessoas com deficiência têm sido matriculadas nas escolas e contratadas por empresas. Esta pesquisa analisa tal processo de inclusão, sob a ótica da teoria do reconhecimento social de Honneth. Com base em seu conceito tridimensional de reconhecimento, mostramos, inicialmente, que a inclusão compreende dois processos articulados: individuação e inclusão. Em seguida, realizamos um estudo da legislação, finalidades e estratégias de consecução, mostrando que a perspectiva adotada permite interpretar a lei de modo mais generoso, desfazendo um equívoco positivista derivado de uma redação imprecisa. Por fim, desenvolvemos algumas considerações acerca da condição de escolas e empresas implementarem a legislação de maneira a efetivar a inclusão/individuação.