Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (13835) (remove)
Language
- English (11101)
- German (2282)
- Portuguese (222)
- Spanish (97)
- Italian (53)
- French (36)
- Multiple languages (9)
- Ukrainian (9)
- slo (7)
- Turkish (4)
Has Fulltext
- yes (13835)
Keywords
- inflammation (93)
- COVID-19 (86)
- SARS-CoV-2 (62)
- Adorno (56)
- cancer (43)
- apoptosis (42)
- crystal structure (41)
- Inflammation (40)
- aging (39)
- Ausstellung (38)
Institute
- Medizin (5146)
- Physik (1691)
- Biowissenschaften (1058)
- Biochemie und Chemie (991)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (768)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (727)
- Geowissenschaften (512)
- Präsidium (445)
- Philosophie (431)
- Informatik (427)
Treatment of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains a great challenge. Aiming to evaluate the combination of venetoclax and hypomethylating agents (HMAClax) for the treatment of relapse of myeloid malignancies after alloHSCT, we retrospectively collected data from 32 patients treated at 11 German centers. Venetoclax was applied with azacitidine (n = 13) or decitabine (n = 19); 11 patients received DLI in addition. HMAClax was the first salvage therapy in 8 patients. The median number of cycles per patient was 2 (1–19). All but 1 patient had grade 3/4 neutropenia. Hospital admission for grade 3/4 infections was necessary in 23 patients (72%); 5 of these were fatal. In 30 evaluable patients, overall response rate (ORR) was 47% (14/30, 3 CR MRDneg, 5 CR, 2 CRi, 1 MLFS, 3 PR). ORR was 86% in first salvage patients versus 35% in later salvage patients (p = 0.03). In 6 patients with molecular relapse (MR), ORR was 67% versus 42% in patients with hematological relapse (HR) (n = 24, p = n.s.). After a median follow-up of 8.4 months, 25 patients (78%) had died and 7 were alive. Estimated median overall survival was 3.7 months. Median survival of patients with HMAClax for first versus later salvage therapy was 5.7 and 3.4 months (p = n.s.) and for patients with MR (not reached) compared to HR (3.4 months, p = 0.024). This retrospective case series shows that venetoclax is utilized in various different combinations, schedules, and doses. Toxicity is substantial and patients who receive venetoclax/HMA combinations for MR or as first salvage therapy derive the greatest benefit.
The present study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional quality of dreams, the incorporation of pandemic-related themes, and the occurrence of lucid dreaming. Dream reports and lucidity ratings of psychiatric outpatients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 81) during two lockdowns in Germany were compared to those of healthy controls (n = 33) before the pandemic. Results confirmed previous reports that pandemic-specific themes were incorporated into dreams. Overall, however, incorporation into dreams was rare. Contrary to expectations, psychiatric outpatients did not differ from controls in the frequency of dream incorporation of pandemic-related content. Moreover, incorporation was independent of psychiatric symptoms and loneliness. Loneliness was, however, associated with threat-related content, suggesting that it represents a risk for bad dreams but not for crisis-specific dream incorporation. Regarding lucid dreaming, both groups had similar scores for its underlying core dimensions, i.e., insight, control, and dissociation, during the two lockdowns. Scores for control and dissociation but not insight were lower compared to the pre-pandemic sample. Our working hypothesis is that REM sleep during lockdowns intensified as a means of increased emotional consolidation, rendering the associated mental state less hybrid and thereby less lucid.
Researchers have suggested that the recognition memory effects resulting from two separate attentional manipulations—attentional boost and perceptual degradation—may share a common cause; namely a transient up-regulation of attention at the time of encoding that leads to enhanced memory performance at the time of retrieval. Prior research has demonstrated that inducing two similar transient shifts of attention simultaneously produces redundant performance in memory. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the combined influence of the attentional boost and perceptual degradation on recognition memory. If these two effects share a common cause, then we ought to observe a redundancy in memory performance, such that these two factors interact. Yet, across four experiments we fail to observe such a redundancy in recognition memory. We evaluate these results using the limited resource model of attention and speculate on how combining transient shifts of attention may produce redundant memory performance in the one case, but non-redundant performance in the other case.
We show a shift in the prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data support the efficiency of non-pharmaceutical interventions on virus circulation except for rhinoviruses. The consequences of an altered circulation on subsequent winter seasons remain unclear and support the importance of systematic virological surveillance.
Background: Since mammography belongs to the most important preventive techniques in modern medicine, this study maps the related worldwide research output, which encompasses quantitative and qualitative aspects of the scientific activity and socio-economic features.
Methods: The New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science (NewQIS) computing platform identified all mammography-specific articles in the Web of Science within two time periods, from 1900 to 2014 (P1) and from 2015 to 2020 (P2), a combination of density-equalizing mapping projections (DEMP) and socio-economic benchmarking was applied for analysis.
Results: A total of 13,629 articles were retrieved. 8,744 articles were identified in P1 and 4,885 in P2. More than 100 articles were published annually since the 1980s. Regarding productivity and collaborative efforts, the United States was the leading nation in both evaluation periods. In our socioeconomic analysis, it was also ranked at the first place in P1 [72.68 mammography-related publications per GDP/capita (RGDP)]. The US was followed by the UK and Germany in P1 and by UK and India in P2. When population sizes were related to mammography research activities, Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands showed the highest research activity in P1 (e.g., Sweden: 31.89 publications per 1 million inhabitants). Gender analysis illustrated a relative dominance of female researchers in most countries with the exception of Japan.
Conclusions: The global mammography research activity over the last century is paralleled by strong international collaborative efforts and follows largely economic figures and prevalence rates but displays distinct differences in comparison to the research landscape of other biomedical entities.
Prognostic assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis allocated for implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a challenging task in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the CLIF‐C AD (Acute Decompensation) score in patients with TIPS implantation. Transplant‐free survival (TFS) and 3‐month mortality were reviewed in 880 patients who received de novo TIPS implantation for the treatment of cirrhotic portal hypertension. The prognostic value of the CLIF‐C AD score was compared with the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child‐Pugh score, and albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score using Harrell’s C concordance index. The median TFS after TIPS implantation was 40.0 (34.6‐45.4) months. The CLIF‐C AD score (c = 0.635 [0.609‐0.661]) was superior in the prediction of TFS in comparison to MELD score (c = 0.597 [0.570‐0.623], P = 0.006), Child‐Pugh score (c = 0.579 [0.552‐0.606], P < 0.001), and ALBI score (c = 0.573 [0.545‐0.600], P < 0.001). However, the CLIF‐C AD score did not perform significantly better than the MELD‐Na score (c = 0.626 [0.599‐0.653], P = 0.442). There were no profound differences in the scores’ ranking with respect to indication for TIPS implantation, stent type, or underlying liver disease. Subgroup analyses revealed that a CLIF‐C AD score >45 was a predictor of 3‐month mortality in the supposed low‐risk group of patients with a MELD score ≤12 (14.7% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The CLIF‐C AD score is suitable for prognostic assessment of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension receiving TIPS implantation. In the prediction of TFS, the CLIF‐C AD score is superior to MELD score, Child‐Pugh score, and ALBI score but not the MELD‐Na score.
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment including immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, new unconventional biomarkers and targets for the detection, prognosis, and treatment of cancer are still in high demand. Tumor cells are characterized by mutations that allow their unlimited growth, program their local microenvironment to support tumor growth, and spread towards distant sites. While a major focus has been on altered tumor genomes and proteomes, crucial signaling molecules such as lipids have been underappreciated. One of these molecules is the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) that is usually found at cytosolic surfaces of cellular membranes but can be rapidly and massively shuttled to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane during apoptosis to serve as a limiting factor for immune responses. These immunosuppressive interactions are exploited by tumor cells to evade the immune system. In this review, we describe mechanisms of immune regulation in tumors, discuss if PS may constitute an inhibitory immune checkpoint, and describe current and future strategies for targeting PS to reactivate the tumor-associated immune system.
Competition of inhomogeneous chiral phases and two-flavor color superconductivity in the NJL model
(2021)
We study the phase structure of the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the chiral limit, extending a previous study of the competition of an inhomogeneous chiral phase and a two-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase [M. Sadzikowski, Phys. Lett. B 553, 45 (2003); M. Sadzikowski, Phys. Lett. B 642, 238 (2006)]. There, an analytic expression for the dispersion relations for quasiparticle excitations in the presence of both a particular inhomogeneous chiral condensate, the so-called chiral density wave (CDW), and a homogeneous 2SC condensate was found. In this work we show how to determine the dispersion relations for arbitrary modulations of the chiral condensate in the presence of a homogeneous 2SC condensate, if the dispersion relations in the absence of color superconductivity are known. In our calculations, we employ two different Ansätze for the inhomogeneous chiral condensate, the CDW as well as the real-kink crystal (RKC). Depending on the value of the diquark coupling we find a region of the phase diagram where the inhomogeneous chiral and the 2SC condensates coexist, confirming results of M. Sadzikowski [Phys. Lett. B 553, 45 (2003); 642, 238 (2006)]. Decreasing the diquark coupling favors the inhomogeneous phase over the coexistence phase. On the other hand, increasing the diquark coupling leads to a larger 2SC phase, while the inhomogeneous chiral and the coexistence phases become smaller. In agreement with previous studies the RKC Ansatz is energetically preferred over the CDW Ansatz. Both Ansätze lead to a qualitatively similar phase diagram, however, the coexistence phase is smaller for the RKC Ansatz.
In this Letter we report the first results on π±, K±, p and pp¯¯¯ production at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV, measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The pT distributions and yields are compared to previous results at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV and expectations from hydrodynamic and thermal models. The spectral shapes indicate a strong increase of the radial flow velocity with sNN−−−√, which in hydrodynamic models is expected as a consequence of the increasing particle density. While the K/π ratio is in line with predictions from the thermal model, the p/π ratio is found to be lower by a factor of about 1.5. This deviation from thermal model expectations is still to be understood.
The ALICE Collaboration has measured the inclusive production of muons from heavy flavour decays at forward rapidity, 2.5 < y < 4, in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−−√ = 2.76 TeV. The pT-differential inclusive cross section of muons from heavy flavour decays in pp collisions is compared to perturbative QCD calculations. The nuclear modification factor is studied as a function of pt and collision centrality. A weak suppression is measured in peripheral collisions. In the most central collisions, a suppression of a factor of about 3-4 is observed in 6 < pT < 10 GeV/c. The suppression shows no significant pT dependence.