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Crowdfunding platforms offer project initiators the opportunity to acquire funds from the Internet crowd and, therefore, have become a valuable alternative to traditional sources of funding. However, some processes on crowdfunding platforms cause undesirable external effects that influence the funding success of projects. In this context, we focus on the phenomenon of project overfunding. Massively overfunded projects have been discussed to overshadow other crowdfunding projects which in turn receive less funding. We propose a funding redistribution mechanism to internalize these overfunding externalities and to improve overall funding results. To evaluate this concept, we develop and deploy an agent-based model (ABM). This ABM is based on a multi-attribute decision-making approach and is suitable to simulate the dynamic funding processes on a crowdfunding platform. Our evaluation provides evidence that possible modifications of the crowdfunding mechanisms bear the chance to optimize funding results and to alleviate existing flaws.
Non-standard errors
(2021)
Menkveld, Albert J. ; Dreber, Anna ; Holzmeister, Felix ; Huber, Jürgen ; Johannesson, Magnus ; Kirchler, Michael ; Razen, Michael ; Weitzel, Utz ; Abad Díaz, David ; Abudy, Menachem ; Adrian, Tobias ; Ait-Sahalia, Yacine ; Akmansoy, Olivier ; Alcock, Jamie ; Alexeev, Vitali ; Aloosh, Arash ; Amato, Livia ; Amaya, Diego ; Angel, James ; Bach, Amadeus ; Baidoo, Edwin ; Bakalli, Gaetan ; Barbon, Andrea ; Bashchenko, Oksana ; Bindra, Parampreet Christopher ; Bjonnes, Geir Hoidal ; Black, Jeff ; Black, Bernard S. ; Bohorquez, Santiago ; Bondarenko, Oleg ; Bos, Charles S. ; Bosch-Rosa, Ciril ; Bouri, Elie ; Brownlees, Christian ; Calamia, Anna ; Cao, Viet Nga ; Capelle-Blancard, Gunther ; Capera, Laura ; Caporin, Massimiliano ; Carrion, Allen ; Caskurlu, Tolga ; Chakrabarty, Bidisha ; Chernov, Mikhail ; Cheung, William M. ; Chincarini, Ludwig Boris ; Chordia, Tarun ; Chow, Sheung Chi ; Clapham, Benjamin ; Colliard, Jean-Edouard ; Comerton-Forde, Carole ; Curran, Edward ; Dao, Thong ; Dare, Wale ; Davies, Ryan J. ; De Blasis, Riccardo ; De Nard, Gianluca ; Declerck, Fany ; Deev, Oleg ; Degryse, Hans ; Deku, Solomon ; Desagre, Christophe ; Dijk, Mathijs van ; Dim, Chukwuma ; Dimpfl, Thomas ; Dong, Yun Jiang ; Drummond, Philip ; Dudda, Tom ; Dumitrescu, Ariadna ; Dyakov, Teodor ; Haubo Dyhrberg, Anne ; Dzieliński, Michał ; Eksi, Asli ; El Kalak, Izidin ; Ellen, Saskia ter ; Eugster, Nicolas ; Evans, Martin D. D. ; Farrell, Michael ; Félez-Viñas, Ester ; Ferrara, Gerardo ; Ferrouhi, El Mehdi ; Flori, Andrea ; Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan ; Foley, Sean ; Fong, Kingsley Y. L. ; Foucault, Thierry ; Franus, Tatiana ; Franzoni, Francesco ; Frijns, Bart ; Frömmel, Michael ; Fu, Servanna ; Füllbrunn, Sascha ; Gan, Baoqing ; Gehrig, Thomas ; Gerritsen, Dirk ; Gil-Bazo, Javier ; Glosten, Lawrence R. ; Gomez, Thomas ; Gorbenko, Arseny ; Güçbilmez, Ufuk ; Grammig, Joachim ; Gregoire, Vincent ; Hagströmer, Björn ; Hambuckers, Julien ; Hapnes, Erik ; Harris, Jeffrey H. ; Harris, Lawrence ; Hartmann, Simon ; Hasse, Jean-Baptiste ; Hautsch, Nikolaus ; He, Xuezhong ; Heath, Davidson ; Hediger, Simon ; Hendershott, Terrence ; Hibbert, Ann Marie ; Hjalmarsson, Erik ; Hoelscher, Seth A. ; Hoffmann, Peter ; Holden, Craig W. ; Horenstein, Alex R. ; Huang, Wenqian ; Huang, Da ; Hurlin, Christophe ; Ivashchenko, Alexey ; Iyer, Subramanian Rama ; Jahanshahloo, Hossein ; Jalkh, Naji ; Jones, Charles M. ; Jurkatis, Simon ; Jylha, Petri ; Kaeck, Andreas ; Kaiser, Gabriel ; Karam, Arzé ; Karmaziene, Egle ; Kassner, Bernhard ; Kaustia, Markku ; Kazak, Ekaterina ; Kearney, Fearghal ; Kervel, Vincent van ; Khan, Saad ; Khomyn, Marta ; Klein, Tony ; Klein, Olga ; Klos, Alexander ; Koetter, Michael ; Krahnen, Jan Pieter ; Kolokolov, Aleksey ; Korajczyk, Robert A. ; Kozhan, Roman ; Kwan, Amy ; Lajaunie, Quentin ; Lam, FY Eric C ; Lambert, Marie ; Langlois, Hugues ; Lausen, Jens ; Lauter, Tobias ; Leippold, Markus ; Levin, Vladimir ; Li, Yijie ; Li, Hui ; Liew, Chee Yoong ; Lindner, Thomas ; Linton, Oliver B. ; Liu, Jiacheng ; Liu, Anqi ; Llorente, Guillermo ; Lof, Matthijs ; Lohr, Ariel ; Longstaff, Francis A. ; Lopez-Lira, Alejandro ; Mankad, Shawn ; Mano, Nicola ; Marchal, Alexis ; Martineau, Charles ; Mazzola, Francesco ; Meloso, Debrah ; Mihet, Roxana ; Mohan, Vijay ; Moinas, Sophie ; Moore, David ; Mu, Liangyi ; Muravyev, Dmitriy ; Murphy, Dermot ; Neszveda, Gabor ; Neumeier, Christian ; Nielsson, Ulf ; Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah ; Nolte, Sven ; Norden, Lars L. ; O'Neill, Peter ; Obaid, Khaled ; Ødegaard, Bernt Arne ; Östberg, Per ; Painter, Marcus ; Palan, Stefan ; Palit, Imon ; Park, Andreas ; Pascual, Roberto ; Pasquariello, Paolo ; Pastor, Lubos ; Patel, Vinay ; Patton, Andrew J. ; Pearson, Neil D. ; Pelizzon, Loriana ; Rzeźnik, Aleksandra ; Sanford, Anthony ; Sankaran, Harikumar ; Sarkar, Asani ; Sarno, Lucio ; Scaillet, O. ; Scharnowski, Stefan ; Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus Reiner ; Schertler, Andrea ; Schneider, Michael ; Schroeder, Florian ; Schürhoff, Norman ; Schuster, Philipp ; Schwarz, Marco A. ; Seasholes, Mark S. ; Seeger, Norman ; Shachar, Or ; Shkilko, Andriy ; Shui, Jessica ; Sikic, Mario ; Simion, Giorgia ; Smales, Lee A. ; Söderlind, Paul ; Sojli, Elvira ; Sokolov, Konstantin ; Spokeviciute, Laima ; Stefanova, Denitsa ; Subrahmanyam, Marti G. ; Neusüss, Sebastian ; Szaszi, Barnabas ; Talavera, Oleksandr ; Tang, Yuehua ; Taylor, Nicholas ; Tham, Wing Wah ; Theissen, Erik ; Thimme, Julian ; Tonks, Ian ; Tran, Hai ; Trapin, Luca ; Trolle, Anders B. ; Valente, Giorgio ; Van Ness, Robert A. ; Vasquez, Aurelio ; Verousis, Thanos ; Verwijmeren, Patrick ; Vilhelmsson, Anders ; Vilkov, Grigory ; Vladimirov, Vladimir ; Vogel, Sebastian ; Voigt, Stefan ; Wagner, Wolf ; Walther, Thomas ; Weiss, Patrick ; Wel, Michel van der ; Werner, Ingrid M. ; Westerholm, Joakim ; Westheide, Christian ; Wipplinger, Evert ; Wolf, Michael ; Wolff, Christiaan Cornelis Petrus ; Wolk, Leonard ; Wong, Wing Keung ; Wrampelmeyer, Jan ; Xia, Shuo ; Xiu, Dacheng ; Xu, Ke ; Xu, Caihong ; Yadav, Pradeep ; Yagüe, José ; Yan, Cheng ; Yang, Antti ; Yoo, Woongsun ; Yu, Wenjia ; Yu, Shihao ; Yueshen, Bart Zhou ; Yuferova, Darya ; Zamojski, Marcin ; Zareei, Abalfazl ; Zeisberger, Stefan ; Zhang, Sarah ; Zhang, Xiaoyu ; Zhong, Zhuo ; Zhou, Z. Ivy ; Zhou, Chen ; Zhu, Xingyu Sonya ; Zoican, Marius ; Zwinkels, Remco C. J. ; Chen, Jian ; Duevski, Teodor ; Gao, Ge ; Gemayel, Roland ; Gilder, Dudley ; Kuhle, Paul ; Pagnotta, Emiliano ; Pelli, Michele ; Sönksen, Jantje ; Zhang, Lu ; Ilczuk, Konrad ; Bogoev, Dimitar ; Qian, Ya ; Wika, Hans C. ; Yu, Yihe ; Zhao, Lu ; Mi, Michael ; Bao, Li ; Vaduva, Andreea ; Prokopczuk, Marcel ; Avetikian, Alejandro ; Wu, Zhen-Xing
In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sample. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants.
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