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O curioso realista
(2009)
Neste ensaio, Theodor Adorno combina memórias pessoais à análise da obra de Siegfried Kracauer, acentuando suas particularidades, como o traço anti-sistemático, a aversão ao idealismo, à especialização e aos métodos convencionais de análise, com forte lastro na própria experiência, o que possibilitou ao autor de O ornamento da massa descobrir novos objetos com uma rara liberdade, notavelmente antiideológica.
We developed a Monte Carlo event generator for production of nucleon configurations in complex nuclei consistently including effects of nucleon–nucleon (NN) correlations. Our approach is based on the Metropolis search for configurations satisfying essential constraints imposed by short- and long-range NN correlations, guided by the findings of realistic calculations of one- and two-body densities for medium-heavy nuclei. The produced event generator can be used for Monte Carlo (MC) studies of pA and AA collisions. We perform several tests of consistency of the code and comparison with previous models, in the case of high energy proton–nucleus scattering on an event-by-event basis, using nucleus configurations produced by our code and Glauber multiple scattering theory both for the uncorrelated and the correlated configurations; fluctuations of the average number of collisions are shown to be affected considerably by the introduction of NN correlations in the target nucleus. We also use the generator to estimate maximal possible gluon nuclear shadowing in a simple geometric model.
EFP1 is an ER stress-induced glycoprotein which interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4
(2009)
We have isolated the rat ortholog of EFP1 (EF-hand binding protein 1) as a novel interaction partner of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4). Rat EFP1 contains two thioredoxin domains, the COOH-terminal one harboring a CGFC motif, and has a similar protein domain structure as members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. In REF52.2 and CHO cells, EFP1 colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker PDI. Furthermore, EFP1 possesses catalytic activity as demonstrated by an insulin disulfide reduction assay. Western blot analysis revealed two EFP1 protein bands of approximately 136 and 155 kDa, representing different glycosylation states of the protein. Complex formation between EFP1 and Par-4 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation, dot blot overlay and pull-down experiments. In CHO cells, coexpression of EFP1 and Par-4 resulted in enhanced Par-4-mediated apoptosis, which required the catalytic activity of EFP1. Interestingly, EFP1 was specifically upregulated in NIH3T3 cells after induction of ER stress by thapsigargin, tunicamycin, and brefeldin A, but not by agents that induce oxidative stress or ER-independent apoptosis. Furthermore, we could show that the induction of apoptosis by Ca2+ stress-inducing agents was significantly decreased after siRNA oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of Par-4. Our data suggest that EFP1 might represent a cell-protective enzyme that could play an important role in the decision between survival and initiation of Par-4-mediated apoptosis.
El presente ensayo resume y analiza los diferentes esfuerzos organizacionales del gobierno bolivariano de Venezuela de alcanzar una democratización de la propiedad y administración de los medios de producción. Las diferentes iniciativas y medidas adoptadas desde el 2000 – primero reforzar el cooperativismos, luego la creación de Empresas de Producción Social (EPS) y finalmente las Empresas Socialistas, como tambien el conccepto del desarrollo endógeno, orientación normativa de la organización productiva y de los programas estadales de formación laboral, son presentados y analizados con visión crítica. En respecto a la organización interna de lugares de producción se hace un análisis crítico de los modelos de cogestión, autogestión y control obrero mirando los logros y las fallas recurriendo a trabajo de campo hecho en tres fábricas: La fábrica de aluminio Alcasa; la papelera Invepal y la fábrica de válvulas Inveval. PALABRAS-CLAVE: economia solidária; autogestión; Venezuela.
Kolumbien ist seit mehr als zwanzig Jahren ein Experimentierfeld für die privatisierte Kriegsführung. Polizei, Armee, Politik, Drogenhandel, Großgrundbesitzer, Paramilitärs, US-Armee, die nordamerikanische Antidrogenagentur DEA, transnationale Konzerne und private militärische Einheiten (PME) kooperieren in wechselnder Besetzung, um ihre jeweiligen Interessen gegen Bauernorganisationen, Gewerkschaften, sozialen Bewegungen und bewaffnete Aufstandsbewegungen durchzusetzen. In Kolumbien sind um die zwanzig PME mit etwa 2000 Angestellten tätig. Die größte PME ist DynCorp, die auch im Irak arbeitet. In Kolumbien ist eine ihrer Dienstleistungen die Besprühung von Coca- und Mohnfeldern. Für die Besprühungen in Kolumbien stehen DynCorp 88 Helikopter und Kleinflugzeuge des Pentagon zur Verfügung. Die Firma gibt die Anzahl ihrer Beschäftigten in Kolumbien nicht bekannt. Geschätzt werden zwischen 100 und 355 Mitarbeiter, von denen weniger als ein Drittel US-Amerikaner sind. Die Einnahmen von DynCorp stiegen von 6,6 Millionen US-Dollar 1996 auf 30 bis 40 Millionen Dollar jährlich seit 1999. ...
Pocas tendencias son más estables y reconocibles en los sistemas políticos occidentales como la que conlleva la restricción sistemática de derechos y libertades básicas, por ejemplo el derecho de reunión o la libertad de expresión. El autor analiza cómo se ha afianzado y se desarrollará esa tendencia en Europa.
Inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has beneficial effects on vascular inflammation and hypertension indicating that the enzyme may be a promising target for drug development. As the enzymatic core of the hydrolase domain of the human sEH contains two tyrosine residues (Tyr383 and Tyr466) that are theoretically crucial for enzymatic activity, we addressed the hypothesis that the activity of the sEH may be affected by nitrosative stress. Epoxide hydrolase activity was detected in human and murine endothelial cells as well in HEK293 cells and could be inhibited by either authentic peroxynitrite (ONOO−) or the ONOO− generator 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1). Protection of the enzymatic core with 1-adamantyl-3-cyclohexylurea in vitro decreased sensitivity to SIN-1. Both ONOO− and SIN-1 elicited the tyrosine nitration of the sEH protein and mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic fragments revealed nitration on several tyrosine residues including Tyr383 and Tyr466. Mutation of the latter residues to phenylalanine was sufficient to abrogate epoxide hydrolase activity. In vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in the tyrosine nitration of the sEH in murine lungs and a significant decrease in its activity. Taken together, these data indicate that the activity of the sEH can be regulated by the tyrosine nitration of the protein. Moreover, nitrosative stress would be expected to potentiate the physiological actions of arachidonic acid epoxides by preventing their metabolism to the corresponding diols.
Critical perspectives have become more visible in German human geography. Drawing on an analysis of the debate around the German reader "Kulturgeographie" published in 2003, we suggest that this case provides new insights into the "geography of critical geography". We briefly discuss the history of critical geography in Germany, leading to a comparison of the conditions of critical geography around 1980 and in recent years. The focus is on two factors in the changed role of critical perspectives in German geography: (1) the growing internationalisation of German geography, which opened new avenues and allowed new approaches to enter the discipline; and (2) the high citation indices of "critical" journals, which leads to an enhanced reputation and a high significance of international critical geography in the German discipline. However, we draw an ambiguous conclusion: the increased role of critical approaches in German geography is linked to a growing neoliberalisation of academia and a decline of critical approaches in other disciplines.
Critical perspectives have become more visible in German human geography. Drawing on an analysis of the debate around the German reader “Kulturgeographie” published in 2003, we suggest that this case provides new insights into the “geography of critical geography”. We briefly discuss the history of left geography in Germany, leading to a comparison of the conditions of left geography around 1980 and in recent years. The focus is on two factors in the changed role of critical perspectives in German geography: (1) the growing internationalisation of German geography, which opened new avenues and allowed new approaches to enter the discipline; and (2) the high citation indices of “critical” journals, which leads to an enhanced reputation and a high significance of international critical geography in the German discipline. However, we draw an ambiguous conclusion: the increased role of critical approaches in German geography is linked to a growing neoliberalisation of academia and a decline of critical approaches in other disciplines.