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In a series of excellent studies, DENNIS and co-workers, 1962, have described a new method for left heart bypass without thoracotomy. A cannula was placed in the left atrium via the superior caval vein and the right atrium, according to a method described by BEVEGARD et al., 1960, where the atrial septum is punctured with a needle from the superior vena cava. DENNIS et al. used a manually regulated roller pump for the left heart bypass. ...
Ce travail fournit deux résultats principaux : 1. Calliosioma sirigosum doit être réuni à Gibbula cinemria dont il n'est qu'une forme méridionale; 2. L'étude, tout au long des côtes, du passage de Gibbula cinerara classique à l'aspect Calliosloma slrigosum, montre un curieux phénomène de double inversion : on passe d'abord de Gibbula cineraria à Calliosioma sirigosum en passant des régions septentrionales à la côte basque; puis on revient progressivement de Calliosloma slrigosum à Gibbula cineraria en passant de la côte basque à la Galice; puis on passe à nouveau progressivement de Gibbula cineraria à Calliosloma slrigosum en passant de la Galice au Sud du Portugal et au Maroc. Ces inversions successives sont à nos yeux la preuve de l'extrême sensibilité de cette espèce aux conditions climatiques. Car tout nous montre que la côte basque est un milieu de vie à peu près équivalent au Portugal, et la côte galicienne un milieu de vie à peu près équivalent à la Bretagne. L'étude des caractères généraux de la faune et de la flore est venue s'ajouter à la connaissance des données physiques (voir, entre autres travaux et mises au point, E. FISCHER-PlETTE, 1955 et 1957) pour imposer cette manière de voir. Non seulement la composition de la faune et de la flore traduisent à l'évidence les grossières équivalences que nous venons d'énoncer, mais on connaît en outre déjà divers cas où une même espèce, susceptible de vivre au long de ces régions à climats différents, y montre des changements de ses caractères : telles sont Paiella intermedia (FISCHER-PIETTE et GAILLARD, 1959), Littorina saxalilis (Id., 1960 et 1961), Fucus vesiculosus (FISCHER-PlETTE, 1961). Les variations de Gibbula cineraria nous apportent un nouvel exemple du même ordre. Mais cette espèce est encore beaucoup plus plastique que celles que nous venons de citer, elle est si sensible aux conditions externes, qu'elle se transforme au point d'avoir fait croire à deux états spécifiques et même génériques différents. Il n'en est rien puisque nulle part ces deux états ne co-existent, et puisqu'entre eux, dans les secteurs géographiquement intermédiaires, on voit les populations changer graduellement de l'un des aspects à l'autre. C'est ce caractère remarquablement accentué des effets morphogènes du milieu, et c'est le fait que les transformations sont si complètement effectuées deux fois de suite de part et d'autre d'un secteur où la transformation inverse est tout aussi complète, qui nous a fait dire, au début de notre rédaction, qu'il s'agissait d'un cas particulièrement instructif.
Lumbrineris is restricted and redefined, and species are redescribed based upon type materials. The generic diagnostic features are chaetae of three types: simple and compound multidentate hooded
hooks, and limbate chaetae; the maxillary apparatus is labidognath with five pairs of maxillae,
maxillae II are as long as maxillae I with wide connecting plate slightly developed along the base of maxillae n. Lumbrineris, as herein redefined includes L. albifrons, L. amboinensis, L. aniara, L.
annulata, L. californiensis, L. cingulata, L. coccinea, L. crosnieri sp. nov., L. cruzensis, L.
floridana, L. futilis , L. grandis, L. higuchiae sp. nov., L, imajimai sp. nov., L, index, L, indica sp. nov., L. inflata, L. inhacea, L,japonica, L, kerguelensis, L. knoxi sp. nov., L. latreilli, L. limieola, L. magalhaensis, L. mustaquimi sp. nov., L. nasuta, L, nishii sp. nov., L. nonatoi, L, oeulata, L. oxyehaeta, L. pallida, L, paucidentata, L. perkinsi, L. reunionensis sp. nov., L. setosa, L. vanhoeffeni. The taxonomic status of 21 other species originally described as Lumbrineris is discussed. A key to all valid species is included.
Revision of the millipede family Andrognathidae in the Nearctic region (Diplopoda, Platydesmida)
(1975)
Twelve genera, two of them new, are recognized in the tribe Adesmiini in southern Africa. Four new species of Epiphysa, one of Alogenius (placed in a new subgenus), two of Stenocara, one of Metriopus, and one placed in one of the new genera, are described. The genera are revised, and their distribution and relationship are briefly discussed
Colonies of up to 30 cats, Felis catus, which were partially dependent upon man for direct provisioning with food, were recorded on 82% of 775 English farms. They lived at a mean density of 6.3 per km2. Members of one such colony were observed intermittently from 1978-81. These cats' ranging, foraging and scent marking behaviours are described briefly as a background to observations of their social interactions. The adult male's home range was 83 ha, whereas those of three adult females averaged 13.1 (SD 7.2) ha. The cats visited the observation barn independently of each other. When in the barn each cat differed in how it positioned itself with respect to the others. Furthermore, the cats' social relationships were structured by differences in the numbers, rates and types of interactions with one another. Some individuals were classed as net initiators of interactions, whereas others were net recipients. The tendency to rub the perioral and cheek regions of the face on another cat was the clearest single indicator of initiator status. Kittens were initiators to adults, females to the adult male, and some adult females were initiators to others. On average, each adult female in the colony rubbed on another once every 25.3 h. Behaviour within the colony was generally amicable, whereas towards outsiders it was aggressive. All adult females in the colony gave birth to kittens each year, and used communal nests. Females tended, groomed and nursed kittens other than their own, and cooperated with each other during parturition. Although a female might nurse certain kittens preferentially, these preferences were not necessarily for her own kitten. The frequency with which a female nursed a kitten and the frequency with which it rubbed on her were positively correlated. A case of infanticide, when an unrelated adult male killed kittens, is described, together with circumstantial reports indicating that this incident was not unique. Farm cat society appears to be structured centripetally, with interactions flowing predominantly from socially (and, sometimes, spatially) peripheral individuals to socially central ones.