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Die deutsche Wechselflexion besteht hauptsächlich im e -> i- und im a -> e-Wechsel in der 2. und 3. Person Singular im Präsens starker Verben (z.B. ich gebe vs. du gibst/sie gibt oder ich fahre vs. du fährst/sie fährt). Dieser binnenflektierende, modulatorische Person/Numerus-Ausdruck galt bisher als konservativer Zug des Deutschen und wurde von der Linguistik kaum beachtet, möglicherweise weil sein Erhalt theoretisch schwer zu begründen ist. Manche Linguisten haben sogar schon seinen Abbau prognostiziert. In diesem Beitrag wird dieses marginalisierte Phänomen synchron wie diachron dargestellt und mit dem Luxemburgischen verglichen. Beide Sprachen verfügen über einen stabilen Bestand an über fünfzig häufig verwendeten Wechselflexionsverben. Im Gegensatz zum Deutschen hat sich die luxemburgische Wechselflexion von den starken Verben gelöst und wurde sekundär auch auf schwache und athematische Verben übertragen. Dabei kommt es zu über zwanzig verschiedenen Vokalalternanzen. Dieser massive Aus- und Umbau der luxemburgischen Wechselflexion wird dokumentiert und, zusammen mit der deutschen Wechselflexion, einer theoretischen Fundierung unterzogen.
The development of "junk" : irregularization strategies of HAVE and SAY in the Germanic languages
(2001)
Although it is a wellknown fact that the most frequent verbs are the most irregular ones (if not suppletive), it is rarely asked how they became irregular. This article deals with the irregularization process of two originally regular (weak) verbs, HAVE and SAY in the Germanic languages, e.g. have, but has/'s and had/'d (instead of regular *haves/*haved) or say [sei], but says [sez] and said [sed] in English. Other verbs, such as DO, GO, STAND, BE, COME, and so on, also tend to irregularizations again and again without any apparent reason. In contrast to HAVE and SAY these verbs have always been rather irregular, at least dating from their first written records.
This article will discuss the influence of bilingualism (German dialect and Portuguese) in the learning of German as a foreign language by students of German ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil, on the basis of examples of language production.
The first printed newspapers in the modern sense of the word appeared in the seventeenth century. They were weekly publications which contained regular reports by correspondents from all over Europe, mainlyon political matters. Although the new medium as such was innovative in its general organization, the individual news items were produced by following text patterns which already had a history of their own. The article reports recent research on the emerging constellation of text types in the first two German newspapers, the Aviso and the Relation of the year 1609. lt is focussed on delineating a prototype-based typology of the relevant text types and on tracing back these forms of presentation of news items to earlier genres and media like chronicles, handwritten newsletters, printed pamphlets and biannual news collections. The general interest of this line of research as a contribution to historical pragmatics lies in the attempt to see historical text types in an evolutionary perspective, taking into account the context of text production and, as far as possible, the reactions of the reading public.
In the present paper, I will discuss the semantic structure of nouns and nominal number markers. In particular, I will discuss the question if it is possible to account for the syntactic and semantic formation of nominals in a parallel way, that is I will try to give a compositional account of nominal semantics. The framework that I will use is "twolevel semantics". The semantic representations and their type-theoretical basis will account for general cross-linguistic characteristics of nouns and nominal number and will show interdependencies between noun classes, number marking and cardinal constructions. While the analysis will give a unified account of bare nouns (like dog / water), it will distinguish between the different kinds of nominal terms (like a dog / dogs / water). Following the proposal, the semantic operations underlying the formation of the SR are basically the same for DPs as for CPs. Hence, from such an analysis, independent semantic arguments can be derived for a structural parallelism of nominals and sentences - that is, for the "sentential aspect" of noun phrases. I will first give a sketch of the theoretical background. I will then discuss the cross-linguistic combinatorial potential of nominal constructions, that is, the potential of nouns and number markers to combine with other elements and form complex expressions. This will lead to a general type-theoretical classification for the elements in question. In the next step, I will model the referential potential of nominal constructions. Together with the combinatorial potential, this will give us semantic representations for the basic elements involved in nominal constructions. In an overview, I will summarize our modeling of nouns and nominal number. I will then discuss in an outlook the "sentential aspect" of noun phrases.