Linguistik
Refine
Year of publication
- 2004 (30) (remove)
Document Type
- Preprint (11)
- Part of a Book (6)
- Conference Proceeding (6)
- Article (5)
- Working Paper (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (30) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (30)
Keywords
- Namenkunde (5)
- Computerlinguistik (4)
- Deutsch (4)
- Semantik (4)
- Syntax (4)
- Morphologie (3)
- Optimalitätstheorie (3)
- Phonologie (3)
- Frage (2)
- Japanisch (2)
- Prosodie (2)
- Türkisch (2)
- Verb (2)
- Übersetzung (2)
- Übersetzungswissenschaft (2)
- Alemannisch (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Chomsky (1)
- Deutschland <Östliche Länder> (1)
- Familienname (1)
- Fluch (1)
- Frühneuhochdeutsch (1)
- German (1)
- Germanisch (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Grammaires d’Arbres Adjoints (1)
- Grammatikalität (1)
- Guaraní-Sprache (1)
- Indogermanische Sprachen (1)
- Irregularität (1)
- Kontrastive Linguistik (1)
- Korean (1)
- Koreanisch (1)
- Lexikologie (1)
- Ländername (1)
- Maschinelle Übersetzung (1)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammar (1)
- Noam (1)
- Nomen (1)
- Nordeuropa (1)
- Numerale (1)
- Proprialisierungsgrad (1)
- Proprialitätsmarkierung (1)
- Relativsatz (1)
- SYNtax-based Reference Annotation (1)
- Satzanalyse (1)
- Schimpfwort (1)
- Sprachtypologie (1)
- Sprachwandel (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Wortart (1)
- acceptability (1)
- allemand (1)
- brouillage d’arguments (1)
- coréen (1)
- german (1)
- gradience grammar (1)
- grammaticality (1)
- long wh-movement (1)
- ordre des mots (1)
- phonology (1)
- question formation (1)
- scrambling (1)
- stress patterns (1)
- syntax (1)
- tones (1)
- word order (1)
- word order variation (1)
Institute
- Extern (30) (remove)
This paper reports on the SYN-RA (SYNtax-based Reference Annotation) project, an on-going project of annotating German newspaper texts with referential relations. The project has developed an inventory of anaphoric and coreference relations for German in the context of a unified, XML-based annotation scheme for combining morphological, syntactic, semantic, and anaphoric information. The paper discusses how this unified annotation scheme relates to other formats currently discussed in the literature, in particular the annotation graph model of Bird and Liberman (2001) and the pie-in-thesky scheme for semantic annotation.
The aim of this paper is the exploration of an optimality theoretic architecture for syntax that is guided by the concept of "correspondence": syntax is understood as the mechanism of "translating" underlying representations into a surface form. In minimalism, this surface form is called "Phonological Form" (PF). Both semantic and abstract syntactic information are reflected by the surface form. The empirical domain where this architecture is tested are minimal link effects, especially in the case of "wh"-movement. The OT constraints require the surface form to reflect the underlying semantic and syntactic representations as maximally as possible. The means by which underlying relations and properties are encoded are precedence, adjacency, surface morphology and prosodic structure. Information that is not encoded in one of these ways remains unexpressed, and gets lost unless it is recoverable via the context. Different kinds of information are often expressed by the same means. The resulting conflicts are resolved by the relative ranking of the relevant correspondence constraints.
The argument that I tried to elaborate on in this paper is that the conceptual problem behind the traditional competence/performance distinction does not go away, even if we abandon its original Chomskyan formulation. It returns as the question about the relation between the model of the grammar and the results of empirical investigations – the question of empirical verification The theoretical concept of markedness is argued to be an ideal correlate of gradience. Optimality Theory, being based on markedness, is a promising framework for the task of bridging the gap between model and empirical world. However, this task not only requires a model of grammar, but also a theory of the methods that are chosen in empirical investigations and how their results are interpreted, and a theory of how to derive predictions for these particular empirical investigations from the model. Stochastic Optimality Theory is one possible formulation of a proposal that derives empirical predictions from an OT model. However, I hope to have shown that it is not enough to take frequency distributions and relative acceptabilities at face value, and simply construe some Stochastic OT model that fits the facts. These facts first of all need to be interpreted, and those factors that the grammar has to account for must be sorted out from those about which grammar should have nothing to say. This task, to my mind, is more complicated than the picture that a simplistic application of (not only) Stochastic OT might draw.
This paper is concerned with the tagging of spatial expressions in German newspaper articles, assigning a meaning to the expression and classifying the usages of the spatial expression and linking the derived referent to an event description. In our system, we implemented the activation of concepts in a very simple fashion, a concept is activated once (with a cost depending on the item that activated it) and is left activated thereafter. As an example, a city also activates the nodes for the region and the country it is part of, so that cities from one country are chosen over cities from different countries. A test corpus of 12 German newspaper articles was tested regarding several disambiguation strategies. Disambiguation was carried out via a beam search to find an approximately cost-optimal solution for the conflict set of potential grounding candidates for the tagged spatial expression. Test showed that the disambiguation strategies improved accuracy significantly.
Fluch- und Schimpfwortschätze sind aus kontrastiver Perspektive bisher kaum analysiert worden, sieht man von einer Vielzahl populärwissenschaftlicher Publikationen ab. Wissenschaftliche Publikationen beziehen sich meist auf eine Einzelsprache und greifen bei der Erklärung der Motive oft zu kurz, weil sie gerade benachbarte Kulturen und Sprachen (auch Dialektgebiete) zu wenig im Blick haben (Dundes 1983). Der vorliegende Beitrag leistet eine vergleichende Zusammenstellung der Fluch- und Schimpfwortschätze dreier mehr oder weniger benachbarter Sprachen, des (nördlichen) Niederländischen, des Deutschen und des Schwedischen, also zweier eng verwandter westgermanischer und einer nordgermanischen Sprache.
Transforming constituent-based annotation into dependency-based annotation has been shown to work for different treebanks and annotation schemes (e.g. Lin (1995) has transformed the Penn treebank, and Kübler and Telljohann (2002) the Tübinger Baumbank des Deutschen (TüBa-D/Z)). These ventures are usually triggered by the conflict between theory-neutral annotation, that targets most needs of a wider audience, and theory-specific annotation, that provides more fine-grained information for a smaller audience. As a compromise, it has been pointed out that treebanks can be designed to support more than one theory from the start (Nivre, 2003). We argue that information can also be added to an existing annotation scheme so that it supports additional theory-specific annotations. We also argue that such a transformation is useful for improving and extending the original annotation scheme with respect to both ambiguous annotation and annotation errors. We show this by analysing problems that arise when generating dependency information from the constituent-based TüBa-D/Z.
Japanese is often taken to be strictly head-final in its syntax. In our work on a broad-coverage, precision implemented HPSG for Japanese, we have found that while this is generally true, there are nonetheless a few minor exceptions to the broad trend. In this paper, we describe the grammar engineering project, present the exceptions we have found, and conclude that this kind of phenomenon motivates on the one hand the HPSG type hierarchical approach which allows for the statement of both broad generalizations and exceptions to those generalizations and on the other hand the usefulness of grammar engineering as a means of testing linguistic hypotheses.
Hybrid robust deep and shallow semantic processing for creativity support in document production
(2004)
The research performed in the DeepThought project (http://www.project-deepthought.net) aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if added to existing shallow methods that ensure robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. We use this approach to demonstrate the feasibility of three ambitious applications, one of which is a tool for creativity support in document production and collective brainstorming. This application is described in detail in this paper. Common to all three applications, and the basis for their development is a platform for integrated linguistic processing. This platform is based on a generic software architecture that combines multiple NLP components and on robust minimal recursive semantics (RMRS) as a uniform representation language.
While the sortal constraints associated with Japanese numeral classifiers are wellstudied, less attention has been paid to the details of their syntax. We describe an analysis implemented within a broadcoverage HPSG that handles an intricate set of numeral classifier construction types and compositionally relates each to an appropriate semantic representation, using Minimal Recursion Semantics.