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Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Notwendigkeit der Aussprachevermittlung in der Deutschlehrerausbildung an brasilianischen Hochschulen zu unterstreichen. Der Beitrag präsentiert zuerst eine Diskussion über die Rolle der Aussprachvermittlung im Fremdsprachunterricht in den Zeiten nach dem Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmen. Darüber hinaus wird der Begriff Akzent sowie dessen Einfluss bzw. Relevanz beim Erlernen einer Fremdsprache thematisiert. Anschließend werden einige Herangehensweisen vorgeschlagen, um die Phonetikarbeit an brasilianischen Hochschulen konsequent durchzuführen.
Analyse ausgewählter (sprachwissenschaftlicher) Nachschlagewerke und ihrer Benutzerfreundlichkeit
(2013)
This metalexicographic study compares four selected (linguistic) dictionaries. The results will potentially assist teachers in choosing a dictionary for students of German in the early phase of their studies. Selected lemmas are analyzed in a case study from the perspective of linguistic, academic and additional information; these lemmas are taken from the categories of phonetics and phonology, as these disciplines are generally covered first in a German degree programme. The selected dictionaries are also compared in terms of the range of phonetic and phonological concepts covered.
Zum Informationsangebot deutscher Aussprachewörterbücher für tschechische Germanistikstudierende
(2013)
Aussprachewörterbücher stellen für nichtmuttersprachliche Germanistikstudierende nach wie vor eine der wichtigsten Informationsquellen über die gesprochene Form der deutschen Gegenwartssprache dar. Beim Vergleich der gängigen Aussprachewörterbücher des Deutschen kann man jedoch gravierende Unterschiede feststellen, die einen Nichtmuttersprachler leicht zu desorientieren (wenn nicht gerade zu verwirren) vermögen. Im Beitrag werden die zwei gebräuchlichsten Aussprachewörterbücher der deutschen Sprache (DUDEN Das Aussprachewörterbuch und De Gruyter Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch) im Hinblick auf das darin enthaltene Informationsangebot für tschechische Germanistikstudierende verglichen. In den Vordergrund tritt somit die Darstellung der für tschechische Deutschstudierende problematischen phonetischen Erscheinungen. Des Weiteren wird folgenden Aspekten Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt: konzeptionelle Ausgangspunkte, Umfang und Stichwörterauswahl, theoretische Beschreibung des phonetisch-phonologischen Systems des Deutschen sowie der deutschen Standardlautung, Aktualitätsbezug, Beschreibung von regionalen Varietäten, Berücksichtigung der Phonostilistik usw.
We show that loanword adaptation can be understood entirely in terms of phonological and phonetic comprehension and production mechanisms in the first language. We provide explicit accounts of several loanword adaptation phenomena (in Korean) in terms of an Optimality-Theoretic grammar model with the same three levels of representation that are needed to describe L1 phonology: the underlying form, the phonological surface form, and the auditory-phonetic form. The model is bidirectional, i.e., the same constraints and rankings are used by the listener and by the speaker. These constraints and rankings are the same for L1 processing and loanword adaptation.
Experimental data shows that adult learners of an artificial language with a phonotactic restriction learned this restriction better when being trained on word types (e.g. when they were presented with 80 different words twice each) than when being trained on word tokens (e.g. when presented with 40 different words four times each) (Hamann & Ernestus submitted). These findings support Pierrehumbert’s (2003) observation that phonotactic co-occurrence restrictions are formed across lexical entries, since only lexical levels of representation can be sensitive to type frequencies.
The present study argues that variation across listeners in the perception of a non-native contrast is due to two factors: the listener-specic weighting of auditory dimensions and the listener-specic construction of new segmental representations. The interaction of both factors is shown to take place in the perception grammar, which can be modelled within an OT framework. These points are illustrated with the acquisition of the Dutch three-member labiodental contrast [V v f] by German learners of Dutch, focussing on four types of learners from the perception study by Hamann and Sennema (2005a).
Ausgehend von den Zielen des Ausspracheunterrichts wird dargestellt, dass das Verstehen und Verstandenwerden in der Fremdsprache Deutsch gut entwickelte Aussprachefertigkeiten voraussetzt. Analysen an Deutschlernenden haben gezeigt, wo die Hauptschwierigkeiten liegen, diese werden im Beitrag aufgelistet. Um den oft schwierigen Lernprozess zu unterstützen und Lernende zu motivieren und zu sensibilisieren, können im Unterricht spielerische Übungen zu verschiedenen phonetischen Themen eingesetzt werden. Im Beitrag werden die Besonderheiten spielerisch angelegter, d.h. mit Spielelementen versehener Übungen erläutert und Beispiele für solche Übungen gegeben.
The present article illustrates that the specific articulatory and aerodynamic requirements for voiced but not voiceless alveolar or dental stops can cause tongue tip retraction and tongue mid lowering and thus retroflexion of front coronals. This retroflexion is shown to have occurred diachronically in the three typologically unrelated languages Dhao (Malayo-Polynesian), Thulung (Sino-Tibetan), and Afar (East-Cushitic). In addition to the diachronic cases, we provide synchronic data for retroflexion from an articulatory study with four speakers of German, a language usually described as having alveolar stops. With these combined data we supply evidence that voiced retroflex stops (as the only retroflex segments in a language) did not necessarily emerge from implosives, as argued by Haudricourt (1950), Greenberg (1970), Bhat (1973), and Ohala (1983). Instead, we propose that the voiced front coronal plosive /d/ is generally articulated in a way that favours retroflexion, that is, with a smaller and more retracted place of articulation and a lower tongue and jaw position than /t/.
Two hypotheses have been proposed in order to account for velar softening, i.e., a process through which /k/ changes to an affricate. Whereas one hypothesis states that for the process to apply the velar stop has to be realized as an (alveolo) palatal stop (articulation-based hypothesis), the other claims that velar softening is triggered by acoustic similarity between the input and output segments (acoustic equivalence hypothesis). The present paper investigates the acoustic equivalence hypothesis by comparing several acoustic properties of /k/ in various vowel contexts with those of /ts , ts , tc / for three languages differing in stop burst aspiration, i.e., German, Polish and Catalan. Results suggest that the acoustic equivalence hypothesis could account for velar softening in aspirated velar stops but not in unaspirated velar stops. The results also provide an explanation as to why aspirated velar stops are prone to undergo softening more easily when followed by front vocalic segments than in other contexts and positions