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In einem Gespräch kommt es oft vor, dass dem Sprecher bei der Formulierung eines Gedankens ein "bestimmtes" Wort nicht einfällt, das er zum Ausdruck dessen, was er sagen möchte, benötigt. In diesem Moment wird häufig mit Hilfe des jeweiligen Gesprächspartners eine Suche nach dem passenden Ausdruck für den intentierten Sinn eingeleitet, die in einer das Gesprächsverständnis gewährleistenden lexikalischen Auswahl besteht. Dieser Vorgang offenbart – wie auch zahlreiche weitere Sprachhandlungen – den lebendigen Charakter der Sprache und lässt ersichtlich werden, dass Sprache im Sinne Humboldts 'Energeia' ist. Gegenstand und Zweck dieses Artikels sind die Beobachtung, Analyse und Beschreibung dieses lebendigen Charakters, wie er sich in der portugiesischen Sprache in Formulierungen in Gesprächssituationen manifestiert. Auf diese Weise will der Artikel auch daran erinnern, wie sehr Humboldts Sprachkonzeption den Grundlagen heutiger Studien zur Umgangssprache vorausliegt.
This article focuses on the means of expressing emotionality in internet commentaries written in German and Czech; the commentaries consist of reactions to news items on political topics. The author applies a contrastive approach. Politics is a field holding a strong potential for emotionality, which significantly affects text production. Internet commentaries in German and Czech are characterized by the use of verbal and non-verbal means that are typical of "cyberslang". The article also focuses on emotional nomination (of politicians and parties), offers a comparison of the cognitive concepts underlying this nomination in both languages, and examines the means of expressing the emotion "anger" - which is closely related to politics.
Im Jahr 2012 feiert die Matej-Bel-Universität in Banská Bystrica ihr zwanzigjähriges Bestehen. Zugleich sind an dieser Universität 15 Jahre lebendiger translationswissenschaftlicher Bemühungen in Lehre und Forschung zu verzeichnen. Ein Jahr zuvor, 2011, konnte auch der SUNG – der Verband der Deutschlehrer und Germanisten der Slowakei – auf zwanzig Jahre ergiebiger Tätigkeit zurückblicken. In diesem Jahr schließe auch ich mit 20 Jahren Tätigkeit in der slowakischen Germanistik als Pädagogin an der Matej-Bel-Universität und gleichzeitig als SUNG-Mitglied an diese Jubiläen an. Seit 1992 bin ich im Umfeld der Neusohler (Bystricaer) Germanistik tätig: zunächst an der Geisteswissenschaftlichen Fakultät, dann an der "Übersetzerfakultät" – ein Wechsel nach zehn Jahren, der meine professionelle Orientierung entscheidend geprägt hat – und schließlich seit 2007 an der neu formierten Geisteswissenschaftlichen Fakultät.
Da offensichtlich die Zeit gekommen ist, Zwischenbilanzen zu ziehen, regte Prof. Peter Ďurčo von der Hl. Kyrill und Method-Universität Trnava entsprechende Aktivitäten der slowakischen Germanisten an und verankerte sie in einem VEGA-Projekt (Anm.1). In der vorliegenden Studie habe ich mir daher vorgenommen, einen Blick auf die Ergebnisse, Erfolge und Pläne der germanistischen Translationswissenschaft an der Matej-Bel-Universität in Banská Bystrica zu werfen und das Resultat dieser Rückschau als ein sinnvolles Ganzes publik zu machen.
This article examines the expression and description of fear in German and Czech phraseology. Fear – one of the primary emotions – is viewed in a broad sense. The analysis of this semantic field also includes such variations as anxiety, panic, fright, horror, and terror. As it is impossible to cover the full phraseological range for this semantic field in both languages, the boundaries of the corpus were set with reference to the repertoire of expressions included in selected phraseological dictionaries. The use of these idiomatic expressions in practice was verified with reference to large-scale corpora in the individual languages. The article offers an analysis of the corpus from a cognitive perspective. For each of the languages, the first step was to identify the concepts which are mediated via selected phraseological expressions. The concepts were then compared, revealing similarities and differences between German and Czech in this respect.
The paper presents an analysis and a comparison of the meanings and functions of proverbs in two editorials by the lawyer and journalist Dr Jakob Eben. The texts comment on the situation and the relations between nationalities in the Habsburg Monarchy in July 1880. One proverb is used in its normal form by the author (directly), while the other appears in a modified form, in a quotation (indirectly). In both cases the proverbs are used as part of a persuasive strategy in the text type of the editorial, for the purpose of provoking antipathy against the "others", i.e. the Czech politicians as political rivals, by means of their negative characteristics. In their specific co-text and context, the proverbs acquire additional semantic-pragmatic components of meaning, enabling them to participate in various isotopic chains and to contribute significantly to textual coherence. Additionally, their positioning marks important points in the argumentative structure of the text. The analysis also indicates some possibilities for the specification of semantic and pragmatic information in dictionaries.
This article examines changes to street names in the city of Oppeln before the transformation to Polish names in 1945. The research is based on a corpus comprising a complete official register of streets and squares in Oppeln/Opole from the beginnings of the town's history to 2010. The author focuses on the changes in the use of language over the centuries, the form of the hodonyms (on the morphosyntactic level), and the motives for the changes in individual street names.
One of the means of expressing emotional content is the naming of people. Many negative personal names are created using derivation (suffixes); the goal of this study is to determine which suffixes are frequently used and whether any German suffixes have primarily negative meanings.
This article focuses on the roles of temporal adverbs in the linguistic expression of emotions. Emotions are phenomena which we experience subjectively, and which we are unable to grasp without respect to time. The intersubjective linguistic expression of emotions in the novel involves the use of temporal adverbs accompanying the narrative structure of the text and helping to intensify the expression of emotions.
The aim of this article is to systematize selected existing definitions of texts and, from the perspective of research into text comprehension, to compare and contextualize the most frequent concepts applied in the field. These concepts are used in the description of the basic phases and aspects of the text comprehension process; they may be divided into three groups depending on whether they denote the comprehension process itself, the results of this process, or the properties of text. This division should not be viewed as an immutable set of concepts, but rather as a starting point for research into issues of text comprehension and comprehensibility.
Words ending with the suffix -ost are very common in Czech business language. In German the corresponding words are words derived using different suffixes, created by implicit derivation without suffixes, or formed as compounds. These particularly involve words indicating share, frequency or intensity. Moreover, the Czech negation ne- is expressed in various ways in the German equivalents. There exists a wide variety of equivalents to Czech words derived with the suffix -ost, so it is advisable to familiarize students of translation courses with this fact. Students tend to create these words mostly by using the suffixes -heit or -keit.