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Índice Gramática Lição Adjectivos 4.1 Demonstrativos 12.1 Interrogativos 13.1 Números cardinais 4.2 Possessivo nominal 11.1 Possessivo pronominal 9.2 Pronomes pessoais 1.2 Substantivo: classes 1-10 2.1 Substantivos: classes 1-18 6.1 Verbo: infinitivo 1.1 Verbo: infinitivo negativo 3.1 Verbo: optativo 8.2 Verbo: passado recente e remoto 14.1 Verbo: prefixo do objecto 8.1 Verbo: prefixo do sujeito 1.3 Verbo: prefixo do sujeito (classes 3-14) 7.1 Verbo: presente contínuo 2.2 Verbo: presente contínuo negativo 3.3 Verbo: presente do indicativo 1.4 Verbo: presente negativo 3.2
This paper addresses the form-meaning relation of multimodal communicative actions by means of a grammar that combines verbal input with hand gestures. Unlike speech, gesture signals are interpretable only through their semantic relation to the synchronous speech content. This relation serves to resolve the incomplete meaning that is revealed by gestural form alone. We demonstrate that by using standard linguistic methods, speech and gesture can be integrated in a constrained way into a single derivation tree which maps to a uniform meaning representation.
A little discussed feature of English are non-restrictive relative clauses in which the antecedent is normally not an NP and the gap follows an auxiliary, as in Kim will sing, which Lee won't. These relative clauses resemble clauses with auxiliary complement ellipsis or fronting. There are a variety of analyses that might be proposed, but there are reasons for thinking that the best analysis is one where which is a nominal filler associated with a gap which is generally non-nominal: a filler-gap mismatch analysis in other words.
The paper focuses on experience gained at the university of Hildesheim (Germany) where a modular course programme has been introduced which concentrates on less frequently learnt European languages, such as Dutch, Danish, Portuguese and Italian, putting into practice relevant results of research in the field of Contrastive Linguistics. The paper ends with a presentation of the outline of a Turkish reading course for German learners, raising the question to what extent experience gained by comparing and teaching Indo-European languages can be applied to fundamentally different languages like German and Turkish.
Does chain hybridization in Irish support movement-based approaches to long-distance dependencies?
(2010)
Huybregts (2009) makes the claim that hybrid A'-chains in Irish favor derivational theories of syntax over representational ones such as HPSG. In this paper, we subject this assertion to closer scrutiny. Based on a new technical proposal, we will reach the conclusion that, in principle, both derivational and representational accounts can accomodate hybrid dependencies. Thus, no argument against either approach can be made on the basis of the Irish data, disconfirming Huybregts's (2009) claim.
Ao apelo da Universidade de Coimbra para que, no âmbito da sua semana Cultural, as Faculdades e outros organismos que nela se acolhem glosem o tema da “Imaginação”, responde o Instituto de Estudos Alemães com o colóquio Imaginação do mesmo: a diferença na repetição. No texto que enquadra o conjunto de contributos que hoje aqui se apresentam, se afirma, a dado passo, que “Há inovação e transformação não na impossível invenção de uma origem, mas sim na capacidade de articulação produtiva”. Pode esta ser uma boa síntese daquilo que a moderna descendência da espécie homo leva a cabo, enquanto homo sapiens (sapiens) e, portanto, homo loquens, no exercício da faculdade que é, a um tempo, o seu mais poderoso instrumento de cognição e o mais eficaz e económico veículo de comunicação – competição e cooperação são, recordo, os principais pilares em que assenta o processo da sua sobrevivência enquanto espécie.
Criadas as línguas, de que espaço de manobra dispõe o “homem que fala”, que é também um homo socialis, para as recriar, reinventar, adaptando-as às sempre renovadas coordenadas sociológicas em que se situa e de que ele próprio é o arquitecto?
Die vorliegende Arbeit geht hervor aus dem Hauptseminar „Argumentationstheorie“, das im Wintersemester 2008/09 am Institut für Linguistik der Universität zu Köln unter der Leitung von PD Dr. Leila Behrens abgehalten wurde. Ziel dieses Seminars war es, ausgehend von traditionellen Begriffen der Rhetorik, Dialektik und Logik, in die Terminologie sowie in zentrale Modelle der zeitgenössischen Argumentationsforschung einzuführen. Die dabei erworbenen Kenntnisse sollen im Folgenden bei der Analyse von Beiträgen eines Diskussionsforums im Internet angewendet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein sogenanntes „newsforum“ der BBC mit dem Titel „Have Your Say“ (BBC 2008), in dem aktuelle Themen und Nachrichten von Internetnutzern weltweit diskutiert werden können. Im untersuchten Fall behandeln wir die Frage, wie mit der Unabhängigkeitserklärung des Kosovo vom 17. Februar 2008 umzugehen sei: „Should the world recognise an independent Kosovo?“ […]. Zu dieser Fragestellung wurden insgesamt 3195 Beiträge im Forum veröffentlicht, von denen hier 780 ausgewertet werden. Diese folgen chronologisch aufeinander und umfassen den Zeitraum zwischen 7:49 Uhr (mittlere Greenwich-Zeit) und 14:26 Uhr des 17. Februar 2008.
Im weiteren Teil dieses Einleitungsartikels werde ich […] auf einige offene Fragen in der Argumentationstheorie generell eingehen und dann auf solche, die speziell durch die beiden Arbeiten in diesem Arbeitspapier aufgeworfen wurden. Danach werde ich auf die Wahl des Datenmaterials eingehen und auf die speziellen Probleme, die das gewählte Medium (Internet-Forum) mit sich bringt. Anschließend werden sowohl konvergente als auch divergente Ergebnisse der beiden Arbeiten diskutiert, letztere insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Frage, ob sie durch den unterschiedlichen Diskussionsgegenstand bedingt sind. Zum Schluss werden dann noch einige terminologische Details angesprochen.
Dieses Arbeitspapier geht aus einem Hauptseminar zur Argumentationstheorie hervor, das [von Leila Behrens] im Wintersemester 2008/09 am Institut für Linguistik der Universität zu Köln gehalten [wurde]. In den beiden Arbeiten in diesem Band (Badtke et al. und Benning et al.) stellen die Studierenden dieses Hauptseminars die Ergebnisse vor, die sie (in zwei parallelen Projektgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Diskussionsgegenständen) bei der empirischen Analyse von Argumentationen in einem Internet-Forum gewonnen haben. Der Gegenstand der Diskussion betraf bei der einen Gruppe (Badtke et al.) die Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo, bei der anderen Gruppe (Benning et al.) die Einführung eines generellen Rauchverbots in europäischen Hauptstädten.
This paper deals with the possessive constructions — either connective or relative — in Mbochi (C25), a Bantu language spoken in Congo-Brazzaville. In Mbochi, as in most languages of the same group (C20), the underlying /CV-/ form of nominal prefixes never surfaces as such but is targeted by two main processes: consonantal dissimilation and vowel elision. Both processes are in complementary distribution and the alternations triggered by them may explain the surface forms of both connective and relative constructions. In order to provide the necessary background for the study of Mbochi relative clauses, the three subject markers of Mbochi are introduced and the main verbal suffixes are also discussed. Thereafter, a detailed presentation and analysis of the relative constructions is given. Finally, we discuss the prosody of these constructions, showing that relative clauses in Mbochi have no particular tonal markers and we propose a model involving superimposed boundary tones to account for their intonation.