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Rad opisuje jedan od dvaju interpunkcijskih znakova (središnje crte i navodnici) koji bitno odstupaju od odnosa jednoga znaka za jedno (unikodno) značenje. Dok navodnici imaju višestruke grafeme (točnije, osam) za jedno značenje, središnje crte najčešće imaju dva grafema (kraća i dulja crta) koja pokrivaju čak 11 (unikodnih i latiničnih) crtnih znakova. Dok je kriterij crtne duljine tradicionalno visoko istaknut u pravopisnim priručnicima, u predstavljenoj se kategorizaciji on nalazi tek na šestoj hijerarhijskoj razini. Osim što su u međuvremenu standardizirana dva nova unikodna crtna znaka (two-em dash i three-em dash, Unicode 6.1, siječanj 2012.), drugačija metodologija i uspoređivanje jezičnopovijesnoga i računalnojezikoslovnoga aspekta proširila je spoznaje o crtnim znakovima u hrvatskome jeziku o kojima je pisano u Portada i Stojanov (2009). Predstavlja se kategorizacija osjetljiva na dihotomiju grafičkoga prikaza i značenja koja sve crtne znakove dijeli u pet hijerarhijskih razina. Između 44 unikodna vodoravna i neprekinuta crtna znaka, podjelom prema tipu, vremenu, funkciji, smjeru i visini, došlo se do 11 latiničnih suvremenih pismovnih vodoravnih središnjih znakova među kojima svaki latinični jezik odabire svoje crtne znakove. Svim se crtnim unikodnim grafemima opisalo značenje i uporaba. S druge strane, crtni se znakovi promatraju u kroatističkoj jezičnopovijesnoj pravopisnoj perspektivi. U odnosu na bogati repozitorij unikodno standardiziranih crtnih znakova utvrdilo se da je pravopisna norma bitno redukcijska. Pravopisno normiranje crtnih znakova podijelilo se u dva razdoblja i tri skupine, ovisno o grafemskome obliku (prva i druga generacija pravopisnih pri ručnika) i nazivlju (prijestandardna faza i dva standardna smjera normiranja ovisno o prihvaćanju terminoloških parova spojnica – crtica i crtica – crta). Na temelju jezičnopovijesnoga i računalnojezikoslovnoga poredbenog istraživanja te na temelju supostavljanja unikodne standardizacije crtnih znakova pravopisnoj tradiciji opisa središnjih crta željelo se ukazati na (i) potrebu za širim i interdisciplinarnim pristupom opisa pisane jezične prakse, (ii) nedovoljnost opisa školske razine pravopisnih priručnika za suvremeno pisanje, kao i na (iii) nedostatnost postojeće kroatističke kodifikacije obaju terminoloških smjerova. Da bi se pravopisni priručnici mogli nazvati znanstveno utemeljenim djelima, u znatnijoj bi mjeri trebali opisati računalno pisanje i na razini interpunkcije uvesti razlikovanje znaka i grafema. Jedno od takvih mjesta opisa prema kojima bi pravopisi mogli unaprijediti svoju tehnološku suvremenost jest pitanje pisanja spojnice na početku prelomljena retka o čemu se iznijelo osam argumenata za odbacivanje aktualne tradicije. Raščlamba je pokazala da ima opravdanosti da se crtna kodifikacija temelji na trima ili četirima znakovima koji se iz 11 unikodnih latiničnih znakova svode uspostavljanjem osnovnih skupina središnjih crta, radno nazvanih c1, c2, c3 i c4 kao najkraća, srednje duga, duga i jako duga središnja crta.
U radu se nastoje prikazati i kontekstualizirati Dujmušićevi jezikoslovni doprinosi očuvanju hrvatskoga standardnog jezika. Puristički se radovi, među kojima je najzanimljiviji i najopširniji “Antibarbarus hrvatskoga jezika”, klasificiraju prema Thomasovoj (1991) kategorizaciji purističke djelatnosti. Dujmušić je zanimljiv ne samo zbog izazovne, potpune anonimnosti, nego i zbog toga što je u vrijeme opozicije između vukovskoga i antivukovskoga purizma bio na onoj slabijoj, antivukovskoj strani. Znanstvena je recepcija Dujmušićeva rada potpuno izostala, što znači da njegove jezikoslovne prinose valja i prikazati i evaluirati.
U radu se analizira Klaićev Rječnik stranih riječi iz 1983. godine koji je priredio Željko Klaić, sin Bratoljuba Klaića, i koji je izdan u godini smrti Bratoljuba Klaića i Novi rječnik stranih riječi iz 2012. godine koji potpisuju Bratoljub Klaić i Školska knjiga. Analiza se temelji na rječničkim člancima natuknica koje nose terminološke oznake gram., lingv. i fon. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje ustroju rječničkoga članka, definicijama koje se uz te natuknice donose te donošenju istoznačnica. Analizira se glasovno nazivlje, padežno nazivlje, pravopisno nazivlje te nazivlje jezikoslovnih grana, disciplina i pristupa.
Rezension zu Marin Vodanović; Drago Štambuk; Ana Ostroški Anić: Stomatološko nazivlje. Zagreb: Stomatološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 2010, 104 S.
In this study we give a survey on bibliographic references on Judeo-Spanish Ianguage in the Orient, focusing mainly on the varieties of this Ianguage spoken in Sephardi communities of former Yugoslavia and on publications and articles that may offer the linguistic Corpora for further investigations on Judeo-Spanish language of these territories. The paper contains references on corpus-based descriptive studies and dictionaries of Judeo-Spanish language. Aspecial emphasis is uttached to the studies on Judeo-Spanish language on the territories of former Yugoslavia, which are classified geographically. The studies on the language of Sephardi Jews deal with this Romance Ianguage from different linguistic(s) perspectives. First of all, we presented the Hispanic studies on Judeo-Spanish that examine it as one of the modern Hispanicvarieties, consider it to be one of the sources of knowledge about the history of Spanish language or look at it from the sociolinguistic point of view. On the other hand, we had in mind works that try to examine Judeo-Spanish from the perspective of Jewish languages such a Yiddish and Judeo-Arab. In that sence it was necessary to draw atention to the studies that examine Ladino, written variefy of Judeo-Spanish based on literal translations of Biblical texts from Hebrew and Aramaic to Judeo-Spanish, We also incorporated references on works dedicated tovarious systems of transcription of Judeo-Spanish language. The actual Situation of Judeo-Spanish is presented with a short account of today's magazines and institutions dedicated to the preservation of Sephardi language and culture. Being the language an intrinsic part of fhe culture in which it arises and lives, we presented also the works dedicated to Sephardi culture and history of the communities in the Orient. Regarding the linguistic corpora in Judeo-Spanish, we presented the data on books published in Hebrew alphabet, collections of Songs, stories and sayings from Sephardi oral tradition, among which a Special importance has the Sephardi Romansero. We took into occount the periodical publications, which are very important as a source of linguistic and various cultural, sociological and historic corpora. The creation and development of periodical publications in Sephardi communities of former Yugoslavia (Belgrade, Sarajevo, and also IaterVriac and Zagreb) from the end of XIX until thefirst half of the XX century are described. The data on these publications are presented in the tables. Special attention was paid to ariicles written in Judeo-Spanish and published in periodical publications and monographies. The list of the most important articles consists of two parts: thefirst part is devoted to the articles published in Hebrew alphabet, and the second to the articles in Judeo-Spanish and Serbian published in Latin alphabet. The latter are organized thematically.
The language, and especially vocabulary, reflects very precise changes taking place in extralinguistic provinces. This article demonstrates the development of masculine names of persons and jobs which until now have been reserved for women, hence in the maternity and education field, comparative - in Polish and German. First, the article presents the systemic possibilities of both languages to mark the gender or gender neutrality. Then, on chosen examples found on Internet forums, it demonstrates how nowadays they are realized in "parole".
This paper is concerned with the cultural reality characterised by the cmmunication within bi- or multilingual groups, in comparison to monolingual comniunication. In other words, such groups use their varieties of language differently. In this respect the paper deals with a culture of multilingualisrn, with a primary aim of highlighting subtly the characteristics end structure of the bi- or multilingual way of speaking. In particular, the predominant goal of this study is to emphasize respects of the "mixed" speech behaviour (the bilingual inode of discourse); and of innovations in speech and communication of transcultural bi- or multilingualism utilizing the example of the German as a minority language in Hungary. On the basis of the research it has become clear that linguistic variations and differentes should not be viewed automatically as individual mistakes but as a reaction to a new conununicative challenge. The conclusions for the discipline of "applird lingusitics" encompass that: all outcornes of communicative dynamic processes on the system of language concerning monolingual as well as bilingual language behaviour (inclusive of both "natural" and "artificial" bi- or multilingualism), should be considered more subtly both in theory and practice. In addition these outcomes must be analysed and heuristically described within an integrated frame.
A comprehensive investigation of Japanese particle was missing up to now. General implications were set up without the fact that a comprehensive analysis was carried out. [...] We offer a lexicalist treatment of the problem. Instead of assuming different phrase structure rules we state a type hierarchy of Japanese particles. This makes a uniform treatment of phrase structure as well as a differentiation of subcategorization patterns possible.