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Although the first travels to America were largely motivated by material interests, the news about native peoples published in Europe by the travellers little by little influenced a conception of the world, which was still dominated by medieval traditions. In general, the experience of the alien was still described in the forms of the own, but gradually the empirical knowledge began to structure a new discourse. The author analyses the earliest books on voyages to Brazil in the middle of the l6th century by Hans Staden, Jean de Léry and André Thevet. He observes how they develop discursive orders of their own, trying to deal with strange phenomena. They mark a first step for Western thought in the process of creating a space for the alien, who really exists – in this case on the coast of Brazil.
In the concentration on his text, the author Franz Kafka is often reduced to the phantom of a deadly sick and Oedipus-struck inventor of abstract labyrinths in an absurd bureaucratic universe. This talk intends to reintegrate him into the landscape of various conterts of modernicy at the beginriing of the 20Ih century such as: the movement of life-reform, intellectual debates, academic research in the field of industrial accidents, changing erotic relations and the enthusiasm for new technical products. As a result, the author claims that Kafka could well be imagined as a member of the pre-war-society described by Thomas Mann in the "Magic Mountain".
Glücksschuh und goldne Waage : Eduard Mörikes artistische Balance zwischen Klassik und Moderne
(2002)
This talk analyses the poems and narrative text of Eduard Mörike, who wrote in the period of Romanticism and Realism, emphasizing the considerable sensitivity necessary to describe realistic details, which can be seen in his highly artistic writings. Mörike is nor an epigone writer, but has a very individual style to represent the experience of perceiving and losing sensual objects. The article also demonstrates the potential of hermeneutic procedures following the spirit of Adorno, rejecting the tendencies to transform literary criticism into a cultural science as is done by Kittler.
This article deals with the relevance of deconstructivist theory today, more precisely, in the context of modern philologies. The author introduces the theory of deconstruction with an "elementary gesture", which we can find in the use and the analysis of quotation marks in certain texts of Jacques Derrida. The quotation marks indicate a special treatment of the concepts of the Western metaphysical tradition; the moments of quotation, distance and literality are also important for the theory of literature of Paul de Man. The critical, non-ideological use of deconstructive concepts and their "lectio difficilior" is interesting for research into texts and interpretation.
Stefan Zweig was the only important German writer who chose Brazil for his exile in the 1940s. Before he committed suicide in Brazil, he wrote the frequently cited and more frequently criticized book in which Brazil is called the land of the future. But in Brazil he also finished another book, 'Die Welt von Gestern', a book of memories, an account of the world from which Zweig came, a work of historic, cultural and political relevance, which was immediately published in Spanish (Argentine) and Portuguese (Brazilian) translations. When compared with the German original, these translations contain significant cuts and modifications, which can be understood as interventions of some kind of censorship, and which are prejudicial to the political brisance of the book.
In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die literaturwissenschaftlichen Paradigmen und Tendenzen der letzten 40 Jahre behandelt. Seit dem Jahr 1968, das einen Wendepunkt darstellt, wird darüber diskutiert, inwiefern es keine Einstimmigkeit über die ideelle Legitimation des Faches mehr gibt. Ein führendes methodologisches Paradigma verschwindet und die leitenden Theorien werden im Gegenzug zu Modewellen, die nicht lange anhalten. Seit den 80er Jahren beschleunigen sich die Tendenzen, die sich von einem Orientierungszentrum entfernen.
Ethnopoesie und Ethnographie
(2001)
This paper is a comparative investigation of two kinds of anthropological fieldwork – ethnopoetry and ethnography – made by two authors on the same subject, at the same place and time: the Afro-Brazilian temple Casa das Minas, in São Luis do Maranhão, in 1981-1982. The analysis focuses on the work of the German writer Hubert Fichte(1935-1986), 'Das Haus der Mina in São Luis do Maranhão (l989), and on the study of the Brazilian anthropologist Sergio FERRETTI, 'Querenbentã de Zomadônu. Etnografia da Casa das Minas do Mamnhão' (1983 and 1996). The comparison of methods and results reveals, on the one hand, advantages of the ethnopoetical approach in the art of interview, priority given to the informants' discourse, and the interpretation of religious rituals, from a general point of view. On the other hand, the special qualities of the ethnographical approach are the theoretical understanding and the didactic transmission of the other culture, combined with the translation of basic concepts through a glossary. – See also, in this number of Pandaemonium Germanicum, Sergio Ferretti's complementary article on "Ethnography and Ethnopoetry".
The "Death of Literature" will be doubted as an affirmation, but, on the other hand, it will be analysed as an effective and dynamic theme in the history of literature. Considering the "Advent of new Medias" (J. Hörisch) and with reference to J. Derrida it will be demonstrated that literature since antiguity is orientated on an not only phonetical, but also optical 'Imaginary', and it is always playing with the auto-transgressing of itself- and that consequently the audio-visual medias represent a very special challenge as they are a kind of 'fulfilling' of these intraliterary tendencies. Modern German-speaking authors react upon this new "anxiety of influence" (H. Bloom) in at least five ways: by retreating in the 'essence' of literature (askesis), by adopting various technical elements (adaptio), by historizing and 'outstripping' the medias (reductio), by pretending an anticipation of the innovations of the medias by the literature (anticipatio) and last but not least with a fight under equals, using all means (agon).
Este ensaio investiga a importância da violência na entrevista de Hubert Fichte com Hans Eppendorfer, o Homem de Couro – no plano conteudístico e no plano estrutural. Tenta-se demonstrar como Fichte manipula (violentamente) o entrevistado. A violência que é tema da entrevistae examinada dentro do horizonte da teoria fichtiana do ritual.