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For Baudelaire, the barbarian is a figure of predilection. At first, it is a literary character that he got acquainted with through the works of Chateaubriand and E. A. Poe. The barbarian is linked to poetry as well; he brings to mind the condition of the exiled, the solitary figure far away from his homeland (such as in Delacroix's Ovid among the Scythians). But, most of all, the barbarian gives the opportunity to Baudelaire to refine his idea of Beauty: at the 1855 Universal Exhibition, he confronts himself for the first time to Chinese art – labelled "barbarian art" back then. Far from agreeing with this description, Baudelaire refutes it and forces himself to shift his critical perspective: his challenge will be to adapt himself, accommodate his taste and become "as barbarian" as the works he beholds in order to appreciate one of these "specimen of universal beauty". This reflexion shall continue in his essay, 'The Painter of Modern Life' (1863), in which he describes Constantin Guys' way of drawing as being moved by an "inevitable barbarousness". In this article, our aim will be to trace the evolution of Baudelaire's conception and different uses of the term "barbarian" through his aesthetical, poetical and literary writings.
L’oeuvre poétique de l’écrivain juif de langue allemande Paul Celan (1920-1970) jouit aujourd’hui d’une renommée internationale et d’une considération quasi unanime, qui sont peu habituelles pour un poète contemporain. Rares sont en effet les écrivains dont on est à ce point sûr, dès leur vivant, que leur oeuvre va rester une référence essentielle pour la postérité. Classique « pré-posthume », Paul Celan n’a pas connu le purgatoire littéraire après sa disparition ; presque immédiatement il a été accueilli dans le panthéon de la poésie universelle, où il côtoie des figures telles que Hölderlin, Rilke, Mallarmé, Rimbaud, Shelley, Pessoa. À l’heure actuelle, les articles, livres et colloques qui lui sont consacrés de par le monde entier ne se comptent plus. En même temps, on a pu assister à la création d’un mythe Paul Celan, notion qu’on n’entendra pas dans le sens d’une non-vérité, mais comme la représentation puissante, surdéterminée autant que simplifiée, d’une réalité autrement plus complexe. Comme chaque mythe, celui de Celan comporte plusieurs variantes, pour lesquelles il est néanmoins aisé de trouver un dénominateur commun. Depuis sa mort, Paul Celan a été peu à peu subsumé sous l’image du poète de la Shoah, dans un sens historique, mais aussi philosophique, voire religieux. De la sorte, son oeuvre est aujourd’hui considérée à la fois comme un mémorial pour les six millions de Juifs morts dans les camps nazis, et comme l’entreprise, contre le verdict d’Adorno, de faire renaître des cendres de notre civilisation occidentale la parole poétique et sa vérité. L’investissement passionnel que certains lecteurs de Paul Celan ont pu manifester est à la mesure du rang qui lui a été assigné ; et le conflit des interprétations qui existe au sujet de son oeuvre, reflète dans une large mesure les discussions, controverses et polémiques sur le génocide des Juifs d’Europe et sur la période de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
L'hypothèse de ce travail est que [...] écrivains vont trouver, dans le Berlin d'après la chute du Mur, une incarnation des paradoxes du XXe siècle, et présenter cette capitale comme la ville de la "postmodernité" qu'ils pourront tour à tour haïr ou aimer, comme le rappelle le titre du texte de Serge Mouraret 'Berlin carnet d'amour et de haine'.
Il conviendra donc d'analyser les représentations de Berlin afin de mettre au jour la mythologie insulaire qu'elles ont façonnée. Le motif de l'île a l'avantage de concentrer une dimension mythique, des caractéristiques formelles et une symbolique forte. Nous tenterons de répondre à la question suivante: pourquoi, bien que Berlin réunifiée ne puisse plus, depuis la chute du Mur, être à proprement parler qualifiée d'île, ce motif persiste t-il comme clef de lecture de la ville?
Un Jésus postmoderne
(2018)
[Rezension zu:] Thibault, Bruno: Un Jésus postmoderne. Les récritures romanesques contemporaines des Evangiles. - Leiden-Boston: Brill Rodopi 2017 - (Chiasma ; 37)
The barbarian is a construct of the Other which can be distinguished from the "savage" through a certain degree of social organization and from the monstrous through its more realistic-historic outlook. Still, these categories are fuzzy and fantastic fiction – understood in a broad sense – makes new use of the barbarian people motif in a manner which makes the ideological undertones more visible despite an increased freedom from historical references. The " mob" (das Gesindel) getting out of the forests to devastate the civilized order, in 'Auf den Marmorklippen', embodies abjection in its clearest form, a violent return of the dark violent repressed. On the contrary, in the cycle of 'Dune, the Fremens' are 'barbarian' only in the eyes of the corrupt totalitarian elite of the Imperium. Despite their rough way of life, they represent a cultural order much closer to ecological harmony, which constitutes a major theme in Frank Herbert's saga. Borges' perspective, in 'The Story of the Warrior and the Female Prisoner', is not so much ethical/political as it is philosophical : the mutual fascination between the 'civilized' and the 'barbarians' is tantamount to magnetic opposites, border-crossing and meaningful otherness. These three visions of the 'barbarian' can be distinguished not only through their ideological underpinnings, but also through their narrative techniques.
An important motif of twentieth century fantastic literature is the exploration of a house or a room whose furniture and spatial organization are disconcerting. Such a motif is presumably symptomatic of a deep questioning on space structure understood according to Euclides and Newton ; it also echoes the anthropological crisis of the very notion of "place", a crisis mirrored in literature, visual arts and cinema, which can be deciphered in particular descriptive passages signaling the aporetic turn of narrative in fictions by J.-L. Borgès and André Pieyre de Mandiargues.
De la productivité de l'erreur en contexte pédagogique 'kairos', abduction et poétique du cours
(2017)
In this paper we shall examine how error can constitute an occasion of improving the context of learning. Taking error into account, trying to understand and follow the way that led the student to make it, the Professor betters his empathy. Hence, thanks to this mimicry, the Professor enters into the student's process of thinking and the poetics of the course becomes more inclusive. Turning error into "kairos", the course truly becomes a moment of collective individuation.
Pascal Quignard belongs to those contemporary French writers whose work draws on music, while demonstrating ambivalent or even ambiguous feelings towards it. In this article, we explore the reasons, the challenges and the functions of what Quignard himself called the 'hatred of music' in an eponymous and landmark essay in which he reveals the secrets of his relationship to music, a relationship that intertwines his family history with the History of the Second World War.
This article analyzes some cases of lack of understanding as well as of misunderstandings and errors, voluntary or otherwise, which punctuate the sessions of French- Russian Studio, an important place of intellectual and cultural exchanges between Russian émigrés and French intellectuals between the Wars. These errors and misunderstandings turn out to be rather productive ones, leading sometimes to lively discussions. Two notions, humanism and intellectualism, become a real stumbling block to debates: being regularly referred to at the sessions devoted to Gide, Valéry, Proust and Descartes, they are differently interpreted by Russian and French debators. This reflects not only the explicit difficulties in translation of philosophical and cultural notions but also some implicit discrepancies in production of meaning.