568 search hits
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Personalization of politics : A critical review and agenda for research
(2010)
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Silke Adam
Michaela Maier
- In this chapter we develop an agenda for future research on the personalization of politics. To do so, we clarify the propositions of the personalization hypothesis, critically discuss the normative standard on which most studies base their evaluation of personalization, and systematically summarize empirical research findings. We show that the condemnation of personalization is based on a trivial logic and on a maximalist definition of democracy. The review of empirical studies leads us to question the assumption that personalization has steadily increased in all areas of politics. Finally, our normative considerations help us develop new research questions on how personalized politics affects democracy. Moreover, this review also makes clear that another weakness of today's empirical research on the personalization of politics lies in methodological problems and a lack of analysis of the impacts of systemic and contextual variables. Consequently, we suggest methodological pathways and possible explanatory factors for the study of personalization.
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Human mimicry
(2009)
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Tanya L. Chartrand
Rick Van Baarent
- Human mimicry is ubiquitous, and often occurs without the awareness of the person mimicking or the person being mimicked. First, we briefly describe some of the major types of nonconscious mimicry-verbal, facial, emotional, and behavioral-and review the evidence for their automaticity. Next, we argue for the broad impact of mimicry and summarize the literature documenting its influence on the mimicry dyad and beyond. This review highlights the moderators of mimicry as well, including the social, motivational, and emotional conditions that foster or inhibit automatic mimicry. We interpret these findings in light of current theories of mimicry. First, we evaluate the evidence for and against mimicry as a communication tool. Second, we review neuropsychological research that sheds light on the question of how we mimic. What is the cognitive architecture that enables us to do what we perceive others do? We discuss a proposed system, the perception-behavior link, and the neurological evidence (Le., the mirror system) supporting it. We will then review the debate on whether mimicry is innate and inevitable. We propose that the architecture enabling mimicry is innate, but that the behavioral mimicry response may actually be (partly) a product of learning or associations. Finally. we speculate on what the behavioral data on mimicry may imply for the evolution of mimicry. .
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Oligocene deep-water agglutinated foraminifera from the Congo Fan, Offshore Angola: Palaeoenvironments and assemblage distributions
(2008)
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Severyn Kender
Michael A. Kaminski
Robert W. Jones
- Agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages from the Oligocene section of an exploration well drilled in the distal part of the Congo Fan are fully documented and interpreted for palaeoenvironment. A total of 65 ditch cutting samples were analysed at 10 m intervals, from 3630 to 4270 m below rotary table. An average of 170 specimens were extracted per sample, with over 100 species being documented and described using SEM and light photography. The results reveal the most taxonomically diverse deepsea Oligocene fauna yet described. Six assemblages have been defined and analysed with Correspondence and 'Morphogroup' Analysis. These are 1. Nothia robusta / Reticulophragmium Assemblage (4110-4270 m), 2. Nothia robusta / Scherochorella congoensis / Discammilloides sp. 1 Assemblage (4000-4100 m), 3. High diversity Reticulophragmium Assemblage (3870-3990 m), 4. Portatrochammina profunda Assemblage (3790-3860 m), 5. Nothia latissima Assemblage (3730-3780 m) and 6. Low abundance Assemblage (3630-3720 m). Palaeobathymetric estimates range from middle -lower bathyal based on comparison with living taxa and morphogroup distributions. These results extend the known stratigraphic range (last occurrences) of Reticulophragmium amp/eetens into the Oligocene in the Atlantic, and possibly also Paratrochamminoides gorayskii, Paratrochamminoides olszewskii, Trochamminoides aff. proteus, Trochamminoides subcoronatus, Haplophragmoides horridus and Haplophragmoides walteri, although reworking is documented with these species. Results also extend the known first occurrences of Recurvoides azuaensis, Spiropsammina primula, Cyclammina aff. orbicularis, Discamminoides sp. and Glaphyrammina americana into the Oligocene. Large scale variations within faunas are largely assigned to documente d variations in sand content, where higher proportions of sand generally coincide with reduced diversity and abundance along with a dominance of opportunistic species such as Nothia robusta, Nothia latissima and Ammodiscus latus. A major excursion in the infaunal morpho group, suspension-feeding morpho group and diversity and abundance within Assemblage 2 is termed the 'Scherochorella Event', and does not correlate with an increase in sand. This fauna is thought to be the result of lower oxygen conditions allowing the dominance of the low oxygen morphotype Scherochorella congoensis and the opportunistic species Nothia robusta. Deep-water circulation in the Atlantic at this time is generally thought to have been strong, and this event suggests that there may have been a temporary expansion of the oxygen minimum zone during the Late Oligocene, coinciding with increased benthic 8180 values, global cooling, and increased upwelling associated with a stronger polar front. The otherwise high diversity of the fauna in the well supports the interpretation of well-oxygenated conditions.
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Das Aposteldekret : Halacha fuer Heidenchristen oder christliche Rücksichtsname auf jüdische Tabus?
(2007)
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Roland Deines
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Die Geburt des Kapitalismus aus der Idee der doppelten Buchführung
(2007)
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Ève Chiapello
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Technology shocks and aggregate autuations : how well does the Real Business Cycle Model fit postwar U.S. data?
(2005)
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Jordi Galí
Pau Rabanal
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Zur Einzelgesetzgebung der "makedonischen" Kaiser
(2005)
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Andreas Schminck
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Die Gesetze der byzantinischen Kaiser
(2005)
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Ludwig Burgmann
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Fish scenes, symbolism and kingship in the bas-reliefs of Angkor Wat and the Bayon
(2003)
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Tyson R. Roberts
- Angkor WaCs "Churning of the Sea of Milk" bas-relief masterpiece is unique among "Churning" depictions for its naturalistic presentation of fishes and other aquatic animals. Their behavior clearly indicates that they have been poisoned, as related in the myth of the Churning. The poisoned fish are being cut in two by the sword of Suryavarman II as Vishnu. Also notable is the inclusion of the mythical beast known as gajasimha. The little known Angkor Wat basrelief called the "Fete nautique des Dvaravati", also a masterpiece, realisticany portrays people making music, playing chess, fishing, hunting, and engaged in other aeti vities, in the midst of a forested wetland filled with birds, fish, crocodiles and other animals. The scene also portmys two royal pleasure boats, one with Garuda on its prow and the other with a gajasimha. Gajasimha is an Indian and Khmer makara associated in Khmer iconography with the Hindu god Vishnu. Suryavarman II was one of the few Khmer kings to be identified with Vishnu. Garuda and gajasimha were employed repeatedly to symbolize this relationship. This symbolism is employed in several significant innovations in Khmer iconography. These include replacement of the naga Ananta or Sesha by a gajasimha in representations of Vishnu Anantasayin; the distinctive "Garuda-gajasimha" balustrades, and use of the head of gajasimha or its elephantine trunk as the apical finials (dong chivea. Iliya, or chota) on Cambodian, Laotian, and Thai Buddhist temples. Fish figure importantly in numerous Bayon bas-reliefs. M~my of these depict ordinary people engaged in activities such as cooking, gambling, cockfighting, and fishing. Others apparently depict events or incidents in the life of J ayavarman VII including his military victories, building activities, and apotheosis as Jayahuddha or Buddha-King, as well as his tolerant attitude towards other religions. There are also indications that he had an abiding interest in natural history. Key words: Angkor Wat, Bayon, "Churning of the Sea of Milk", "Fete nautique des Dvaravati" Suryavarman II, Jayavarman VII, fish species, gajasimha, makara, chofa
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Terra Sigillata-Stempel aus dem Flottenlager Köln-Marienburg (Alteburg)
(2002)
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Antje Düerkop
- Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg auf dem Gelände des Flottenkastells Alteburg in Köln-Marienburg gefundenen gestempelten Sigillaten, die im Römisch-Germanischen Museum (vormals Museum Wallraf-Richartz) in Köln inventansiert wurden. Obwohl das Fundmaterial durch einen Bombenangriff im Zweiten Weltkrieg stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurde, sind von den 590 in den Inventarbüchern verzeichneten Töpferstempeln heute noch 245 erhalten. Weitere 165 Inventarbucheinträge sowie sieben durch Bleistiftzeichnungen erhaltene Stempelfaksimiles erlauben sichere Rückschlüsse auf Lesung sowie gegebenenfalls Herkunft und Datierung der heute verschollenen Stücke. Bedingt durch die Grabungsmethoden im 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert und aufgrund der Kriegsschäden im Bereich der Grabungsdokumentation können die Stempel heute in der Regel weder einzelnen Befunden noch Phasen zugeordnet werden, sondern müssen als Gesamtheit betrachtet werden. Trotz der folglich sehr eingeschränkten Auswertungsmöglichkeiten in Bezug auf die Geschichte des Flottenkastells dürfen die Stempel der Altgrabungen allein schon auf grund ihrer Menge nicht vernachlässigt werden: Neben den 1906 von Hagen veröffentlichten 62 Stempeln sind weitere 379 Stücke aus neueren Grabungen bekannt, so daß die hier vorgelegten 417 verwertbaren Stempel bzw. Inventarbucheinträge der Altgrabungen fast die Hälfte des bekannten Materials stellen. Ein Hauptanliegen der Arbeit ist die Darstellung, Töpferzuordnung, Herkunftsbestimmung und vor allem die möglichst gen aue zeitliche Einordnung der Sigillatastempel, die in erster Linie auf dem Vergleich mit Parallelfunden an datierten Fundplätzen beruht. Darüber hinaus sollen bei einer Auswertung des Gesamtmaterials Aussagen zur zeitlichen Verteilung der gestempelten Sigillata, zu den Anteilen verschiedener Produktionszentren und zur Häufigkeit einzelner Töpfer getroffen werden. Ein Vergleich mit der gestempelten glatten Sigillata weiterer Militärstarionen in Niedergermanien (Asciburgium, Neuss, Vechten) sollldären, ob die Zusammensetzung des Stempelmaterials den Spektren anderer vergleichbarer Fundplätze entspricht.
