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The results of the pre:lent investigation may be summarized as follows: (1) The heat content of carbon steels at high temperatures was determined by the mixture method, while the oxidation of the specimen was prevented by passing a purified hydrogen gas through the furnace. The specimens were twelve kinds of steels with different carbon contents from 0.09 % to 2.84 % and the range of temperature was 23~250°C. (2) According to A. Meuthen, the specific heat is constant below the A1 point, but the present writer showed that the specific heat is only constant above the A3 point, and that below this point, it increases with the rise of temperature. (3) The quantity of heat for the dissolution of pearlite in iron was determined by measuring the heat content above and below the A1 point. This heat increases proportionally with the content of carbon, reaches a maximum at 0.9 percent and ends at 6.7 percent. For the dissolution of I gr. of carbon in iron, a heat of 1760 calories is required, while, 16.1 calories are necessary for the dissolution of 1 gr. of pearlite in iron. (4) From the heat content-concentration curve, it was found that, the mean specific heat of cementite increases with the rise of temperature; it is 0.149 at 150°C and 02.20 at 850°C. (5) It was observed that the specific heat of the carbon poles with 98 %C increases almost linearly up to 700°C, and afterwards its rate of increase gradually diminishes. (6) It is confirmed by experiments that the A1 transformation is a function of temperature and time, but that the A2 transformation is a definite function of temperature only. (7) From the heat content-concentration curves, the heat of transformation from martensite to pearlite was obtained and found to be proportional to the carbon content. (8) The heat of transformation from austenite to martensite, or that from martensite to pearlite, increases proportionally with the content of eutectoid carbon. The heat of transformation from austenite to martensite for a eutectoid steel amOlmts to 5.9 calories.
This article is concerned with the specification and estimation of relationships whose dependent variable is qualitative in nature (such as "yes" or "no"). It discusses logit equations with and without interaction, and the estimation procedure is generalized least squares. Part I deals with dependent variables that take only two values, part II with variables taking more than two values, and part III describes informational measures for the explanatory power of the determining factors. The discussion of more advanced technical matters is contained in various appendixes.
In a joint enterprise, the ground water supplies in some Oases in UAR (namely El Kharga, El Dakhla, El Baharia and Siwa), in Wadi El Natrun (to the west of the Nile Delta), in Ayoun Mousa (West Sinai) and in some places along the Mediterranean Littoral, have been investigated. According to the dating of the water by the C14 method, the age of the artesian water from the Oases is between 25,000 and 40,000 years and the origin is obviously from rain water which fell and infiltrated within the "Nubian Sandstone" layers, occupying almost entirely the southern portion of the western Desert (the water underwent some evaporation before it disappeared in the subsurface as indicated from the loss of the 016). This process took place during one or more of the Pluvial periods which followed (and were not coincident with) the last "Würm" eustatic lowering of the Mediterranean. No infiltration water have presumably recharged the layers in question, so almost entirely fossil water reserves are tapped at present. The quantities of such reserves are unknown. More ancient waters, however, may be expected to the north of El Kharga and El Dakhla Oases. Such waters may- to their greater portions - enter these two oases from that direction. On the other hand, little or almost no water is expected to feed the reservoir from the opposite direction.
This article examines the negotiating process between the Brazilian state and transnational auto companies. It argues against dichotomous frameworks that emphasize either economic or political variables in shaping foreign direct investment and in favor of a more complicated bargaining framework that takes into account the strategic objectives of state policy as well as the form and timing of firm investment. Using archival evidence and interviews, the article documents the implantation of the industry; it concludes that the process of finn entry into Brazil must be understood in light of the policies and institutions that made the threat of market closure and the deadlines credible and made it costly for firms not to participate on schedule.