BDSL-Klassifikation: 02.00.00 Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft > 02.05.00 Grammatik
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Neste artigo intencionamos realizar uma análise contrastiva de ocorrências de partículas modais (doravante PM) em alemão, catalão, croata, francês e inglês, propondo uma classe de PM para o português brasileiro. Partimos de referencial teórico com base na pragmática e em teorias funcionalistas como suporte. Nosso principal objetivo é defender a existência de PMs no português brasileiro, sendo elas recursos linguístico-discursivos utilizados com a função de modalizar informações não explícitas durante a interação. Nesse sentido, as PMs ativariam pressupostos nas enunciações baseados em significados nucleares. Trata-se de estudo inédito por propor análises de palavras e locuções que ainda não foram classificadas como tal em gramáticas luso-brasileiras, salvo algumas poucas exceções. O presente estudo justifica-se pela dificuldade que essas PM apresentam tanto para o ensino de língua adicional, quanto para a tradução. A investigação e descrição das PMs alemãs e seus equivalentes funcionais em português, podem, portanto, oferecer caminhos para a compreensão de questões pragmáticas importantes para as trocas comunicativas e seus usos em sala de aula. Finalmente, levantamos a hipótese de que, embora exista uma evidente diferença de classificação dessas partículas em muitas línguas, as funções comunicativas das PMs em alemão podem encontrar semelhantes interpretativos e até equivalentes funcionais em português brasileiro.
Zur Problematik der Konnektoren im Satz und im Text aus der Perspektive der Textverständlichkeit
(2013)
Linguistic analyses have shown that connectors perform various functions: besides connecting separate clauses, clauses within clause complexes, and other parts of a text, they can also play a major role in text comprehensibility. However, further examination of this issue requires a more precise delineation of the term "connector", which is understood in various ways. The article presents these various conceptions in tabular form and carries out a comparison. The author then moves on to examine how connectors can affect (or increase) the comprehensibility of a text. Here too it is difficult to reach clear conclusions, as various authors approach the issue from various perspectives. In order to present the full variety of connectors, the various approaches to connectors and their optimizing function are formulated as arguments in favour and against, which are summarized, compared and evaluated.
Bu çalışmada, Türkçedeki emir kipinin bir alt ulamı olan ve Almancada Jussiv terimiyle karşılanan 3. kişilere yönelik emir-istek1 biçimleri ve bunların Almancaya nasıl aktarılabileceği konulaştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla Yaşar Kemal’in Kuşlar da Gittiromanındaki söz konusu emir-istek biçimleri aynı kitabın Almanca çevirisi Auch die Vögel sind fort’taki çevirileriyle karşılaştırılmaktadır. Karşılaştırmanın amacı çeviri eleştirisi değildir; yalnızca durum saptaması yapılmaktadır. Saptanan çeviri olanaklarının Alman dili eğitimi öğrencilerinde nasıl yansıma bulacağını görebilmek için bir de dar kapsamlı bir çeviri anketi uygulanmıştır. Türk dilinin bu dolaylı emir-istek için somut dilbilgisel bir ulam (Ali gelsin!) geliştirmişken, Almancada bire bir karşılaştırılabilir dilbilgisel bir eşdeğerlilik saptanmamıştır. Bu ulamın işlevi Almancada özellikle 3. kişi dolaylı anlatımla (Jeder kehre vor seiner eigenen Haustür!) ve yardımcı eylemlerle (Das Feuer soll von hier mitgenommen werden) karşılanmaktadır. Anlamsal bir ulam olan kipselliğin Türkçe ifadesindeki birçok örtüşmezlik, bu konunun Almanca öğretiminde daha çok dikkate alınması gerektiğini göstermiştir. Öğrencilerle yaptığımız çeviri uygulamasındaki diğer saptamamız, çevirilerdeki yetersizliğin sözlük kullanımındaki yetersizliğe dayandığıdır.
Causative, which is analyzed in the context of voice, differs widely in Turkish and German languages. A causative can be obtained nearly from each verb in Turkish language while this category is not productive in German Language. Like prefixes, which are of great importance in German language, the causative has the same significance in Turkish language. Causatives can be divided into three: a) lexical causative, causative existing in words' own meaning; for instance, there exists such a relationship between the words "slide" and "fall"; b) morphological causative consists of morphemes (öl-dür-t-mek); c) whereas, the context is important for the operant causative. When we say “It smells gas in here’ it may have been intended to open a window and we can make it done. There is a direct connection between the causative and causality. Because, in causative instead of doing something directly, it may be caused to be done or occurred. The notion of causative in German has been reviewed in the semantic context at a low degree. This is because of the fact that, morphological causative verbs are fewer and new causative voices can't be formed. However, this issue has been handled in a very detailed manner especially at morphological level in Turkish language. There is even fine detail under the title causative itself. The most important characteristic of causative is to change the combination value of the verbs. However, the relation between causative and passive is just the opposite of this and asymmetric. Structures having semantic similarities with causatives and named as Funktionsverbgefüge (put into practice = apply) in German exist. Reciprocal voices and reflexive voices, the most important voices of Turkish language, generally allow the formation of causative verb.
Rezension zu: Zengin, Dursun (2016): Her Yönüyle Almanca İlgeçler. Ankara: Nika Yayınevi. 409 S. ISBN: 9786059386050
Negation und Modalität
(2009)
Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt die Problematik der Negation im Rahmen der Modalität. Die Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich auf formale und inhaltliche Aspekte der Negation auf dem modalen Feld. Nach dem Vergleich der Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten der Negation im Deutschen und Slowakischen werden die Auswirkungen der Negation auf die semantische Ebene der Modalverben (weiter nur MV) in beiden Sprachen konkret behandelt. Es gibt mehrere Verfahren zur Skopusfestlegung des Negators. Im Artikel wird ein Modell präsentiert, das die Diskrepanz zwischen der oberflächlichen und tatsächlichen Negation in beiden Sprachen zeigt.
Aspectos dos tempos verbais
(1998)
In this paper I present two tenses of the German verbal system, the so called Doppelperfekt and Doppelplusquamperfekt. Although these tenses have only been marginally dealt with in the grammars, more studies have recently been made on them within the field of Linguistics. In order to describe these tenses, I will concentrate on the following authors: Hauser-Suida & Hoppe-Beugel (1972), Eroms (1984), Thieroff (1992) und Vater (1994). The tenses will be analysed formally and their meaning and usage illustrated with examples taken from the articles above.
Aktionsart
(1999)
This paper presents a discussion on aspect and 'Aktionsart' as categories of verbal forms in German and Portuguese. The distinction between the two categories is based on the assumption that 'Aktionsart' is more important in the German verb system, whereas aspect plays a more significant role in Portuguese. Aspect as a morpho-semantic category may be further specified by 'Akrionsart', which is a lexical semantic category and belongs to the meaning of the verb.
The study presents a first investigation of two different processes in the L1-acquisition of German: The acquisition of definite pronominal forms and the occurence of finite verbs. The aim of the study is to find out if there are inherent relations between both processes. Inherent relations are understood as developmental relations based on the structural properties which demand a correlated emergence of the finite verb and definite pronominal forms.
Der Aufsatz untersucht das syntaktische Verhalten nicht-satzförmiger Adverbialia im Deutschen und im brasilianischen Portugiesisch in vergleichender Perspektive. Behandelt werden Adverbialia aus sechs Klassen, deren semantische Funktionen von der Sachverhaltsbeschreibung bis zur Beschreibung von Handlungsabsichten des Sprechers reichen. Insgesamt zeigen sich große Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Vergleichssprachen. Im Deutschen scheint eine etwas stärkere Tendenz zu bestehen, Adverbialia syntaktisch zu integrieren, während es im Portugiesischen mehr Möglichkeiten gibt, sie desintegriert zu verwenden.