BDSL-Klassifikation: 03.00.00 Literaturwissenschaft > 03.07.00 Ästhetik
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Partindo das considerações de Gianni Vattimo e de Jürgen Habermas sobre a instauração nietzschiana da pós-modernidade como uma "despedida" à modernidade ocidental e ao tipo de racionalidade a ela associada, este texto analisa o modo pelo qual uma "crítica autorreferencial da razão" (Habermas) é efetivamente engendrada pelo pensamento estético nietzschiano, de modo a reconsiderar os termos pelos quais a própria "despedida" pós-moderna deve ser concebida.
This article deals with the annotations made by Victor Klemperer, in the diary of his 1925 journey to Rio de Janeiro. His descriptions are shown to be pervaded by his constant attempt to analyse, to interpret objectively and to compare his observations with what he already knew, and not merely a protocol of his emotions and the impressions brought about by the newness and the exotism of his experiences during the journey.
The opposition city-country which appears already in Vergils Georgics and becomes very relevant in the British and French poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries, will be treated at first with regard to the German tradition of 'city-poetry'. Since about 1900 the phenomenon of the big city (metropolis) combines with demoniac and sublime motives, while French, English or American authors (Baudelaire, Wordsworth, Whitman) saw the city from a less ideological perspective. Only in the postwar-decade – after some anticipations by authors of Expressionism like Ernst Stadler or Gottfried Benn – the pluralistic, hybrid character of the city will be discovered also in German poetology. Some examples of Modern North American and Brazilian poetry will be analyzed in the last chapter of the article.
In September of 1997, a group of German and Brazilian literary critics met at the University of São Paulo, in order to comment on the aesthetics of two great soccer schools. As our "basic text" we chose the match Germany vs Brazil (final score: 3 : 3; half-time score: 0 : 3), which took place in Washington, in June 1993, between the two tripte World Champions. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (Stanford University) proposed a philosophical reflection on football/Fußball, combined with a comparative analysis of soccer and American football. In both modalities he identified the magic phenomenon of "production of presence", which expresses itself through three functions: the ontological function (action vs nothing), the "epiphany of form" (the touch of genius) and the oscillation between finality and telos (linked to the mise-en-scène of intention and contingency). These three functions manifest themselves in both American football and soccer, but in different forms. Flávio Aguiar (University of Säo Paulo) pointed out the phenomenon of empty spaces and the occupation of space. Antonio Medina (University of São Paulo) contrasted the somewhat ontologic character of American football with the mimetic character of soccer, especially as played in Brazil, where the paradigm of masters and slaves is still present. José Miguel Wisnik (University of São Paulo) elaborated on the dialectics of production of presence (resistance against interpretation, "no-hermeneutics") and production of sense. In his reply, Gumbrecht explained that the concepts of empty and occupied space imply religious allusions (transcendental emptiness). Willi Bolle (University of São Paulo) raised the question of the extent to which the issue of aesthetics, seen from the perspective of American football and soccer, must be totally reconsidered.
Brecht ainda hoje?
(2000)
This paper tries to find arguments for Bertolt Brecht's relevance to the present. It points out parallels between Brecht's epic theater and music, especially opera. A central point is the aesthetics of form, which was so important for Brecht and which is decisive for his modernity.
This paper deals with Kant’s differentiation between artistic beauty and the sublime in nature. In this latter, Kant subsumes everything wild, uncultivated, inanimate and makes it – apparently – available to Aesthetics. As the quintessence of resistence, the "stone" stands for everything that remains the most estranged from the human sphere. In texts of Romantic authors such as Novalis, it can be seen how the "stone" in its turn takes possession of human beings and move them away from human nature. From Romanticism up to contemporary art, the sublime establishes thus a dominion of total alterity, which evades control and keeps consciousness alert to the fact that also in human beings there is an uncontrollable element demanding its rights.
O teatro épico de Brecht
(2000)
This article is a reduced version of the chapter "Sinta o drama" from the book with the Same title. It traces Brecht's reasons for qualifying his theater as epic, based on important literary critics such as Peter Szondi, Adorno. Lukács and Anatol Rosenfeld, including Brecht himself.
Drei Erfahrungsberichte über Bertolt Brechts Theater auf brasilianischen Bühnen. Caco Coelho spricht über den Zyklus der Brecht-Lesungen, -Aufführungen und -Vorträge seiner Theatergruppe 'Os Fodidos Privilegiados ' 1998 in Rio de Janeiro. Fernando Peixoto vertritt die Ansicht, daß der zentrale Punkt von Brechts Theater darin besteht, Emotionen im zwischenmenschlichen Verhalten und in ihren politisch-historischen Kontexten verstehbar zu machen. Er erzählt unter anderm von einer "Wiederentdeckung" der Brechtschen Theaterästhetik durch eine Laiengruppe in Amazonien und vertritt insgesamt ein undogmatisches, auf die heutigen Verhältnisse ausgerichtetes Lernen mit Brecht. Willi Bolle berichtet von seiner Inszenierung von Brechts 'Die Hochzeit ' (1919) mit einer Laien-Theatergruppe in São Paulo 1997-1998, in der die lineare Struktur des Textes durchbrochen wurde durch die Einführung einer neuen Perspektive sowie einer neuen Figur, der Braut, die sich das Hochzeitsfest in der Erinnerung vergegenwärtigt.
Para além da influência geral de Rousseau na constituição do ideário estético do Romantismo, as relações mais diretas que o ligam ao grande romântico alemão E. T. A. Hoffmann são merecedoras de um estudo detalhado. Um tal estudo deveria confrontar não só as obras, mas as próprias vidas, já que são notáveis os paralelos biográficos entre os dois autores. Neste trabalho limito-me a examinar um único texto de Hoffmann, o conto de fadas "Das fremde Kind", buscando mostrar que os ecos rousseaunianos nessa obra são bem mais profundos do que uma mera re-elaboração do desgastado e superficial clichê do "bom selvagem".
O artigo analisa a presença sincrônica, na produção acadêmica alemã das últimas décadas, de trabalhos que, em conjunto, podem ser compreendidos como parte de um esforço nãocoordenado de renovação epistemológica e de historicização da episteme artística. Das contribuições de autores diversos são sintetizadas as linhas de constituição daquelas duas grandes problemáticas, que foram distintas, porém convergentes, em seus desdobramentos para a compreensão da arte e da crítica de arte. De um lado, mostra-se a imbricação da renovação epistemológica com novos padrões de percepção do tempo e com o conceito científico de "emergência"; de outro, vê-se como a historicização da episteme artística esteve fortemente dedicada à crítica institucional. Ao longo da apresentação, dá-se destaque ao componente critic daquelas duas formas de historicização, motivadas, como elas foram, pela insatisfação com a condição atual – nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 – da arte e do pensamento.