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Çeviri yaparken her iki dile, kültüre yeterince hâkim olmamak bir dizi çeviri hatalarına yol açabilir. Bu noktada kaynak ve erek dilde yeterli kelime hazinesine sahip olmanın yanı sıra kelimelerin kullanım alanlarını, kurallarını, edim bilimsel etkilerini, sözdizimsel kuralları vs. de iyi bilmek gerekir. Humboldt ve Saussure'ün dil hakkındaki düşüncelerinden etkilenen Trier'in ortaya attığı sözlüksel alan teorisinin metin anlama ve anlatma edinci kapsamında etkilerinin neler olabileceği ve çeviribilimin sözlüksel alan teorisinden nasıl yararlanabileceği konusu irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Trier'e (1973:5) göre bir sözcüğün anlaşılabilmesi için, sözlüksel alanın tamamının bilinmesi gerekir ve ancak sözlüksel alana hâkim isek o sözcüğü doğru anlayabiliriz. Anlam sadece ve sadece sözlüksel alan sayesinde vardır. Sözlüksel alan yoksa anlam da yoktur. Anlatılmak istenen düşünceye veya olguya dair bir kelimenin belli bir dilde bulunmaması bu düşüncenin veya olgunun o dilde olmadığı anlamına gelmez. Hayata dair genel kültür bilgimize ve tecrübelerimize dayanarak bu yeni kavramı anlayabiliriz.
Çeviri yaparken her iki dile, kültüre yeterince hâkim olmamak bir dizi çeviri hatalarına yol açabilir. Bu noktada kaynak ve erek dilde yeterli kelime hazinesine sahip olmanın yanı sıra kelimelerin kullanım alanlarını, kurallarını, edim bilimsel etkilerini, sözdizimsel kuralları vs. de iyi bilmek gerekir. Humboldt ve Saussure’ün dil hakkındaki düşüncelerinden etkilenen Trier’in ortaya attığı sözlüksel alan teorisinin metin anlama ve anlatma edinci kapsamında etkilerinin neler olabileceği ve çeviribilimin sözlüksel alan teorisinden nasıl yararlanabileceği konusu irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Trier’e (1973:5) göre bir sözcüğün anlaşılabilmesi için, sözlüksel alanın tamamının bilinmesi
gerekir ve ancak sözlüksel alana hâkim isek o sözcüğü doğru anlayabiliriz. Anlam sadece ve sadece sözlüksel alan sayesinde vardır. Sözlüksel alan yoksa anlam da yoktur. Anlatılmak istenen düşünceye veya olguya dair bir kelimenin belli bir dilde bulunmaması bu düşüncenin veya olgunun o dilde olmadığı anlamına gelmez. Hayata dair genel kültür bilgimize ve tecrübelerimize dayanarak bu yeni kavramı
anlayabiliriz.
Several phenomena associated with the differences in the performance of novice interpreters and semi-professionals have been discussed in the paper. Particular emphasis was placed on the occurrence of imported cognitive load which strongly influenced the performance of the subjects also in places where no intrinsic difficulty had been detected. Nevertheless, too little evidence was provided to establish a more detailed pattern of imported cognitive load, which was due to the limited number of participants in the study. It would be possible to obtain more detailed data and comments from the participants by means of interviews conducted individually with the participants. It would allow asking detailed questions to the participants, which might be a more reliable method than the immediate retrospective accounts. Moreover, in the present study such variables as gender differences, age differences and the possible influence of other foreign languages were not taken into account. Perhaps these variables might shed some light on the issue of the management of cognitive resources. Also, the corpus gathered for the present study may be used for the investigation of other aspects of the SI performance.
In dieser Arbeit wird der Interrelation zwischen kulturellen, kognitiven und kommunikativ-sprachlichen Phänomenen nachgegangen. Kulturelles prägt nicht nur das enzyklopädische Weltwissen, sondern beeinflusst auch die Sprache als System und den Sprachgebrauch. Kulturelles Wissen manifestiert sich in den Bedeutungen bestimmter Lexeme, in kulturgeprägten Weltwissensrepräsentationen, als Handlungsmusterwissen und Verhaltensstereotypkenntnis, sowie in Präferenzen für die Selektion, Anordnung und Kombination von sprachlichen Systemelementen lexikalischer wie morphosyntaktischer Art zu Textsortenexemplaren. Die der Übersetzungstätigkeit daraus erwachsenden Schwierigkeiten werden differenziert durchleuchtet.
U radu se analizira drugi cjeloviti objavljeni prijevod Svetoga pisma na hrvatski jezik, Škarićevo Sveto pismo Staroga i Novoga uvita (Beč, 1858. – 1861.); opisuju se njegove jezične osobine, utvrđuje se njegovo mjesto u dugoj hrvatskoj svetopisamskoj prevodilačkoj tradiciji te njegov utjecaj na proces standardizacije hrvatskoga jezika.
The purpose of this article is to report on the work carried out during the research project "O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para a constituição de base de dados" (The translator´s work as a source for the constitution of a database). Through the restoration, organization and digitalization of the personal glossary and part of the books containing the translations made by the deceased public translator Gustavo Lohnefink, this research project intends to construct a digital database of German – Portuguese technical terms (for the language pair), which could then be used by other translators. In order to achieve this purpose, a specific methodology had to be developed, which could be used as a starting-point for the treatment and recovery of other similarly organized data-collections.
Pro objektivní analýzu rozvoje tlumočnické kompetence studentů je třeba použít měřitelná kritéria. Při experimentu, který je zde popsán, byla východiskem metodologie textové lingvistiky: Tlumočnický výkon 8 studentů byl hodnocen na základě ekvivalence, logické koheze, koherence cílového textu a zahrnuty byly i tlumočnické protokoly studentů doplněné o jejich vlastní komentáře. Výsledek provedené analýzy povede k přizpůsobení didaktických strategií při další práci se studenty.
The article focuses on the current state of research in simultaneous interpreting (SI), comparing cognitive pragmatic models with cognitive linguistic approaches. The author offers an objective list of the advantages and disadvantages of the cognitive linguistic approach and other models currently used in SI. The aim of the article is not to present a one-sidedly positive assessment of the cognitive linguistic approach, but instead to arrive at a balanced evaluation of the individual approaches and the possibilities offered by the models under investigation. The author also points out further approaches that could be characterized as covertly cognitive.
Translation is a very broad, complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, encompassing much more factors than it seems at first glance. It is not just copying the words from the original work while changing the language, but it consists of a careful selection of appropriate phrases and expressions, combining them together in a skillful way while taking into consideration numerous aspects, one of them being the text type. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to present various text typologies and text types, specify their implications for translators and determine the role of the correct recognition of text type in producing a successful translation. This will be done on the assumption that a text type is one of the basic factors that allow the translator to recognise the function and purpose of the text as well as the author's intention. Thus, depending on the nature of these, the translator will inevitably resort to different techniques and strategies in order to successfully render the source text. Therefore, identifying the text type also helps the translator to select the appropriate translation strategy.
This study addresses new trends in translation studies and translation teaching, focusing on the possible use of database applications by translators. The article responds to the increasing market penetration of translation software designed to make the translation process – especially in professional and technical texts – more effective and efficient. The process includes the use of existing translations as a basis for new translations, consistent handling of terminology, simplification of the writing process, and the use of dictionary-type databases. After offering a basic theoretical discussion of CAT tools, the article focuses on their use by translators, especially in terms of how to teach user skills to translation students. The author draws on his experience of teaching the use of CAT tools (the application TRANSITNXT®) at the Department of German Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava.