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The aim of any Automatic Translation project is to give a mechanical procedure for finding an equivalent expression in the target language to any sentence in the source language. The aim of my linguistic translation project is to find the corresponding structures of the languages dealt with. The two main problems that have to be solved by such a project are the difference of word order between the source language and the target language and the ambiguous words of the source language for which the appropriate word in the target language has to be chosen. The first problem is of major linguistic interest: once the project has been worked out, it will give us the parallel sentence structures for the two languages in question. Since there is no complete analysis of any language that could be used for the purpose of automatic translation, we decided to build up our project sentence by sentence. The rules which are needed for translating each sentence will have to be included in the complete program anyway, and the translation may be checked and corrected immediately. The program is split up into subroutines for each word-class, so that a correction of the program in case of an unsatisfactory translation does not complicate the program unnecessarily.
The purpose of this article is to report on the work carried out during the research project "O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para a constituição de base de dados" (The translator´s work as a source for the constitution of a database). Through the restoration, organization and digitalization of the personal glossary and part of the books containing the translations made by the deceased public translator Gustavo Lohnefink, this research project intends to construct a digital database of German – Portuguese technical terms (for the language pair), which could then be used by other translators. In order to achieve this purpose, a specific methodology had to be developed, which could be used as a starting-point for the treatment and recovery of other similarly organized data-collections.
U radu se analizira drugi cjeloviti objavljeni prijevod Svetoga pisma na hrvatski jezik, Škarićevo Sveto pismo Staroga i Novoga uvita (Beč, 1858. – 1861.); opisuju se njegove jezične osobine, utvrđuje se njegovo mjesto u dugoj hrvatskoj svetopisamskoj prevodilačkoj tradiciji te njegov utjecaj na proces standardizacije hrvatskoga jezika.
Donose se neke nove spoznaje o Lajpciškom lekcionaru, ćiriličnom rukopisu najvjerojatnije iz šestog ili sedmog desetljeća XVI. stoljeća. Ponajprije je riječ o rezultatima analize vodenih znakova, što je osobito važno jer je datacija rukopisa u literaturi bila prijeporna, a zatim i o novim podacima o knjižnici i signaturi rukopisa. Također se, u bliskoj vezi s analizom folijacije rukopisa, izlaže jedna važna tekstološka spoznaja koja pouzdano pokazuje da je predložak bio cjelovit, što indirektno osnažuje tezu da rukopisu na početku nedostaje devet listova, a ne, kako je tvrdio Joseph Schütz, samo jedan.
The present study is about note taking techniques in consecutive translation and their application. In the beginning we analyzed in the relevant literature, consecutive interpretation among translation techniques, note taking, and the function and features of note taking in consecutive translation. Afterwards, we presented the problems that an interpreter might face in consecutive interpretation with concrete examples and provided possible methods and techniques to overcome these. Hereby, we emphasized that note taking techniques are an important feature to remember while translating and its function as a memory supporting tool. In the last section we discussed the roles of a consecutive interpreter and emphasized within this context the usage of the earlier mentioned note taking techniques (use of acronyms, signs, and symbols). Moreover we highlighted that each interpreter has to have his/her own techniques and improve these continuously.
Metaphorization and selected translation techniques : the case study of "National Geographic"
(2008)
Im Prinzip handelt es sich um drei Faktoren der Dolmetscherpraxis, die der Neutralität des Dolmetschers entgegenwirken können: Identität – Loyalität – Integrität (vgl. Pöchhacker 2008:115ff):
- Eine komplexe Identität bildet sich u.a. auf Grund der Kulturen heraus, die der Dolmetscher kennt oder in denen er aufgewachsen ist, wobei dies kein glatter und widerspruchsloser Prozess sein muss.
- Mit Loyalität wird in der Praxis gerechnet: Bevorzugt wird ein autonomer Dolmetscher (ein einheimischer) gegenüber einem heteronomen (einem fremden, ausländischen), denn die Kommunikationspartner sind bemüht, die Kommunikation zu kontrollieren.
- Integrität ist die Aufgabe des Dolmetschers: Er soll verbinden und nicht zwischen, sondern für zwei Kulturen moderieren.
Der Dolmetscher solle schließlich – nach Vorstellung vieler – als "Friedensbotschafter im Niemandsland", als "Kulturpendler auf einer Sprachfähre" und "neutraler Vermittler an jeder Front" seine Dienste der Menschheit zur Verfügung stellen. Das bedeutet, dass von ihm verlangt wird, neutral und unparteiisch zu bleiben und originalgetreu sowie vollständig zu dolmetschen. Sind diese Anforderungen real oder eher ideal?
In dieser Arbeit wird der Interrelation zwischen kulturellen, kognitiven und kommunikativ-sprachlichen Phänomenen nachgegangen. Kulturelles prägt nicht nur das enzyklopädische Weltwissen, sondern beeinflusst auch die Sprache als System und den Sprachgebrauch. Kulturelles Wissen manifestiert sich in den Bedeutungen bestimmter Lexeme, in kulturgeprägten Weltwissensrepräsentationen, als Handlungsmusterwissen und Verhaltensstereotypkenntnis, sowie in Präferenzen für die Selektion, Anordnung und Kombination von sprachlichen Systemelementen lexikalischer wie morphosyntaktischer Art zu Textsortenexemplaren. Die der Übersetzungstätigkeit daraus erwachsenden Schwierigkeiten werden differenziert durchleuchtet.
The article focuses on the current state of research in simultaneous interpreting (SI), comparing cognitive pragmatic models with cognitive linguistic approaches. The author offers an objective list of the advantages and disadvantages of the cognitive linguistic approach and other models currently used in SI. The aim of the article is not to present a one-sidedly positive assessment of the cognitive linguistic approach, but instead to arrive at a balanced evaluation of the individual approaches and the possibilities offered by the models under investigation. The author also points out further approaches that could be characterized as covertly cognitive.