Arachnologische Mitteilungen, Heft 21 (2001)
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Representatives of Oonopidae are tiny spiders, usually of a pale colour, with 6 oval eyes. Systematically, they belong to Dysderoidea, which include about 120 genera (CODDINGTON & LEVI 1991), but Oonopidae, alone, include 51 genera and more than 70 species (PLATNICK 1989). They are distributed all over the world, except for Antarctica, but most of the species come from the tropics. In Europe, there are 6 genera of oonopid spiders, represented by about 20 species (PLATNICK 1989). But only 6 species have been known from the Central Europe until recently (NENTWIG 1991). In Slovakia, only 2 species of oonopid spiders, Oonops domesticus Dalmas, 1916 and Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891, have been recorded so far (GAJDOS et al. 1999).
Nach der zuletzt publizierten Liste (DUCHAC 1999) waren aus dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik 28 Arten der Afterskorpione bekannt. Einige Arten (Mundochthonius styriacus, Apocheiridium ferum) sind auf dieser Liste angeführt, ohne dass bisher nahere Informationen über ihr Vorkommen und Fundumstande publiziert waren. In der Zeit von der Bearbeitung dieser Liste bis zu ihrer Publizierung determinierte der erste der Autoren dieses Beitrags weitere drei für das Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik neue Arten (Microbisium suecicum, Anthrenochernes stellae, Chernes vicinus) und eine Art, die in der Tschechischen Republik nach mehr als hundert Jahren wieder gefunden wurde (Roncus "lubricus"). Der zweite der Autoren bemerkte eine neue Lokalität der Art Syarinus strandi. Es ist notwendig zu betonen, dass einige interessante Funde direkt im Stadtgebiet Prags gemacht worden sind, einige fast im Stadtzentrum.
In 1998-99, spiders of the mainly Siberian genus Wubanoides ESKOV, 1986 were found in a block field in the Harz mountains, Lower Saxony, Germany. They resemble W. uralensis (PAKHORUKOV, 1981), but appear taxonomically distinct when compared with paratypes of this species. Up to the clarification of their taxonomic status, they are announced here as W. uralensis. Short notes are given on biology and ecology, the questionable status of the species as a "glacial relict" is discussed.
Erigonoplus justus ist eine der seltensten Zwergspinnen von Mitteleuropa. Die Art wurde von CAMBRIDGE (1875) nach einem vom Altmeister der Arachnologen E. SIMON (1848-1924) in NE-Frankreich gesammelten Männchen beschrieben und unseres Wissens seither nur dreimal wiedergefunden. So ist der überraschende Nachweis in Rheinland-Pfalz sehr willkommen, erlaubt er doch, erstmals das Weibchen der Art vorzustellen. E. justus ist neu für Deutschland.
Species richness of spiders of the floor surface and the lower trunk area is higher in beech stands than in spruce forests. The abundances of epigeic spiders are also higher in beech stands whereas trunk spiders are more active on spruce. Harvestmen generally seem to prefer spruce forests, but more species were found on beech trunks than on spruce. Beech stands are partly preferred by other species than spruce forests.
Quantitative, time-limited samplings in monthly intervals from June 1995 to August 1996, in combination with the measurement of carapace width of juvenile and adult spiders has revealed the life cycle patterns of the riparian wolf spiders Pardosa wagleri and Pirata knorri and showed the effect of floods on their abundance at the Isar River (Germany, Bavaria). Adults and juvenile spiders are heavily affected by floods but the populations of both species are able to recover quickly. The life cycles of both species are synchronized with the season and display a spring/summer stenochrony. P. wagleri shows a second reproductive phase in early summer. This reproductive behaviour supports the persistence of populations in this disturbed environment.