430 Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch
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Zum Quellenwert deutscher Sprachzeugnisse aus Südosteuropa für die Sprachgeschichte des Deutschen
(2010)
The history of the German language is not described adequately by the classification into Old, Middle High, Early New and New High German. Looking at regional varieties shows the simultaneous existence of older and newer manifestations in the language. Examples of older Transsylvanian writings and Danube-Swabian dialects from Romania and Hungary show how German varieties of South-Eastern Europe can be used for a more profound understanding of the history of the entire German language.
In diesem Aufsatz wird das mentale Lexikon als System beschrieben, in dem Lexeme aufgenommen, gespeichert und nach bestimmten Regeln geordnet und eingesetzt werden. Hierbei spielen Bedeutungsbeziehungen eine grundlegende Rolle. Die Mikrostruktur dieses Netzwerks bildet die Polysemie, die anhand von Bedeutungssternen (mit Kernbedeutung und Nebenbedeutungen einzelner Lexeme) dargestellt werden kann. Anhand von Musterübungen wird gezeigt, wie dieses Thema im muttersprachlichen Unterricht didaktisch umgesetzt werden kann.
Speakers of Russian from the former Soviet Union and speakers of Turkish form the two biggest groups of immigrants in Germany. There is a number of surveys, that focus on early second language acquisition of kindergarten and primary school children in these ethnic groups. In this article, I will discuss differences and similarities of the second language acquisition process, that Russian and Turkish speaking children go through. I will compare not only the interlingual development (pronunciation, lexicon, syntax and morphology) but also the sociocultural context. For this purpose the data of my case studies will be contrasted with the other research results.
This paper aims to determine and classify by syntactic criteria, the functions of reflexivity (reflexive pronoun kendi) in Turkish, in contrast to German.
Reflexivity in Turkish can be expressed by synthetic elements such as affixes, but also by an analytical element – the reflexive pronoun kendi. And in German it is formed by the reflexive pronoun sich. The reflexive pronoun sich in German used both in anaphorical and lexical functions, which can be distinguished from each other by certain criteria.
Při vyjadřování a popisu emocí zaujímají frazémy mezi jazykovými prostředky ojedinělé postavení. Ĉlánek nastiňuje dŧvody k tomuto tvrzení: Prostřednictvím frazémŧ jsou emoce vyjadřovány jednak díky silné expresivní sloţce frazeologického významu, jednak i díky samotnému (expresivnímu) uţití frazému v textu. Některé frazémy rovněţ mohou emoce oznaĉovat (popisovat, tematizovat), resp. k nim svým významem odkazovat (sich die Augen ausweinen können → smutek, zoufalství). Pro ilustraci výše uvedených úvah byla vybrána formálně i sémanticky omezená skupina frazémŧ – verbální frazémy obsahující somatické substantivum. Zvláštní roli tzv. somatických frazémŧ v problematice verbální artikulace a popisu emocí lze vysvětlit jejich frazeologickou aktivitou, vysokou symboliĉností některých somatických komponentŧ (Herz) a především tím, jak odráţejí úzkou interakci mezi emocemi a tělesnými stavy (einen Kloß im Hals haben), resp. jak verbalizují nonverbální projevy mimiky a gestiky (den Kopf hängen lassen).
In this study, the student mistakes, in the collaborative writing project, will be discussed. The texts written in the computer lab are sent to the instructor through internet and the teacher underlines the mistakes made by learners and sends the texts back to the students. The students get feedback both from teachers and from peers when they are writing and correcting their mistakes. Since the learners are either in their preparatory or 1st year, the common mistakes made by the students are incorrect structure usage, inappropriate linguistic use, overgeneralizations or mother tongue transfers. These errors result from their limited foreign language knowledge.
Ao apelo da Universidade de Coimbra para que, no âmbito da sua semana Cultural, as Faculdades e outros organismos que nela se acolhem glosem o tema da “Imaginação”, responde o Instituto de Estudos Alemães com o colóquio Imaginação do mesmo: a diferença na repetição. No texto que enquadra o conjunto de contributos que hoje aqui se apresentam, se afirma, a dado passo, que “Há inovação e transformação não na impossível invenção de uma origem, mas sim na capacidade de articulação produtiva”. Pode esta ser uma boa síntese daquilo que a moderna descendência da espécie homo leva a cabo, enquanto homo sapiens (sapiens) e, portanto, homo loquens, no exercício da faculdade que é, a um tempo, o seu mais poderoso instrumento de cognição e o mais eficaz e económico veículo de comunicação – competição e cooperação são, recordo, os principais pilares em que assenta o processo da sua sobrevivência enquanto espécie.
Criadas as línguas, de que espaço de manobra dispõe o “homem que fala”, que é também um homo socialis, para as recriar, reinventar, adaptando-as às sempre renovadas coordenadas sociológicas em que se situa e de que ele próprio é o arquitecto?
„Der rechte Weg geht über Steine” : zur romantischen Dimension der Lyrik von Frida Binder-Radler
(2010)
In order to argue my hypothesis of the romantic dimension of poetry written by Frida Binder-Radler, a very little known Romanian-German author (1908-1986), better known as „poetess of the Saxon world”, I am referring to the poems of the author edited 2006 by her son Wolfgang Binder in Augsburg under the title Licht ins Dunkel (second enlarged edition). The volume contains fifty poems of which the first twenty-one were written in the German language, the other twenty-nine poems were translated from Transylvanian-Saxon dialect into German, most of them by the author herself, and published 1947 in the volume Gedichte. The idea of infinity that characterises romantic poetry, expressing itself as longing („Sehnsucht”) for a lost paradise, justifies the poems of love of Frida Binder-Radler. The elements of nature (flowers and birds, clouds and fog, moon, night and shadow), the melancholic atmosphere of her poems, but also the vivid imagery of her poetic language, its simplicity without being simple are diagnosed and interpreted as elements of a romantic-poetical arsenal.
In the 1930s and 40s the leading political figures of the German minority in Romania embraced a pro-fascist attitude. Therefore, after the WWII, Germans had to suffer expropriation, deportation and privation of civil rights. Since 1949 they were permitted to rebuild their cultural life which – according to the communist paradigm – had to be „Marxist in its content and national in shape“. In 1956 an Institute for Social Studies and the Humanities of the Romanian Academy was created in Sibiu in order to continue important scientific projects of the German minority, and since 1959 the review Forschungen zur Volks- und Landeskunde appeared as a tribune of Transylvanian studies. Although the editorial staff had to make concessions to the communist regime, its members tried to keep high scientific standards. Therefore the review Forschungen, the sole scientific periodical of the Romanian Academy published in German, was one of the most important reviews of the time.
The paper focuses on aspects of comparative phraseology and paremioloy between two languages, German and Romanian and aims at disclosing differences and similarities in connection with proverbs and idioms on “the devil”. 112 items circling around “the devil” and its synonyms are being analyzed as to the life experience, world perspective and superstitions reflected in the proverbs, by drawing parallels between the equivalent structures functioning in the two languages, their form and content.