830 Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur
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"... die werdent ouch Helmbrehtel!" : Zu den Prager und Wiener "Helmbrechten" im Spätmittelalter
(1987)
Man kann voraussetzen, daß einem Hörer oder Leser nach seiner Bekanntschaft mit der Erzählung vom 'Helmbrecht' der Name des Helden etwas anderes als ein beliebiger Rufname bedeutet haben wird. Jeder reale Namensträger ist für einen Rezipienten der Geschichte auffällig, und der Name wird eine gewisse Distanz hervorrufen. Vom Zeitpunkt der Erstaufführung der Erzählung Wernhers des Gartenaeres an konnotiert der Name Gewalt gegen Bauern, Strauchrittertum und Wegelagerei, Gottlosigkeit, Standesverrat und andere Bedeutungen mehr, deren Glieder eine ganze Kette negativer Besetzungen bilden. Man wird als Kenner der Materie seine Kinder nicht Helmbrecht nennen und auch Freunden von der Namensgebung abraten: nomen est omen. In der Meidung eines nunmehr besetzten Eigennamens artikuliert sich die Angst, durch die enge Relation von Zeichen und Bezeichnetem könne einer so werden wie jener Helmbrecht.
Karl Lieblichs Lebengeschichte ist die eines weitgehend vergessenen, deutsch-jüdischen Dichters, der das nationalsozialistische Deutschland verließ, um ins brasilianische Exil zu gehen, und nach dem Krieg nach Deutschland zurückkehrte. Dieser Artikel setzt sich das Ziel, sein Leben nachzuzeichnen, seine literarischen und kulturphilosophischen Werke zu analysieren und in die Zeit einzubetten.
This article takes a new look at the novels of the Austrian Jewish writer Adolf Dessauer (1849-1916). Dessauer wrote an ironic chronicle of his contemporaries' world in turn-of-the-century Vienna. A banker by profession and an amateur novelist, he published two novels in his lifetime ("Götzendienst", in 1896, and "Großstadtjuden", in 1910), both taking place in the Habsburg capital, which was then undergoing a process of rapid economic and social change. Though his books are nowadays virtually forgotten, Dessauer was a very accurate chronicler of the customs of the social class which ascended with economic liberalism, and which became increasingly close to the empire's declining aristocracy, mimicking its tastes and habits.
As opposed to what happened in other European nations, the bourgeoisie in the Habsburg Empire never attempted to construct its own aesthetic and cultural repertoire, but consistently imitated the aristocratic patterns of its time. Dessauer makes a biting and ironical portrait of this class and its attempt at aristocratic appearances.
He also shows how Karl Lueger's Christian anti-Semitic party in Austria recruited its voters from the impoverished class of artisans, which had lost space as a consequence of the establishment of a new economic order. Lueger's political campaign was directed towards this growing class, and he identified the rise of liberal capitalism with Jews and Judaism.
In "Großstadtjuden" Dessauer looks at the same phenomena, but does so from a strictly Jewish point of view. His second novel portrays the reactions of a number of Jewish families from Vienna to rising anti-Semitism. This historical aspect of the Viennese Jewish community, which was Europe's numerically largest after Warsaw's, is a striking prelude to the history of European Jewry in the 20th.century, thus giving Dessauer's work an unexpected afterlife.
This article emphasizes that the central element of the satanic pact in Goethe’s Faust is the driving force of modernity: the negation of the present. In contrast to traditional interpretations of Faust as a positive figure and his "striving" as a virtue of modern man, the author argues that the destructive side of Faust’s restlessness should be examined. The effective counterpoints of the rhythm of modernity, as Goethe himself suggests in the play, are religion (in its broader unconventional sense, and classically inspired art, which enable thought to "stop" in the present moment.
The article traces the development of Günter Grass's work with special emphasis on his reception in Germany and his being awarded the Nobel Prize. It shows how Grass employs traditional narrative strategies, particularly that of the fairy-tale, and how he represents the recent German past in figures of the unreal. By these means his texts are able to show the grotesqueness of historical reality in the 20th century.
A língua como pátria
(2006)
It is our aim to focus on certain aspects of the complex relationship between language – particularly German – and homeland/identity as seen in the work of a number of Jewish poets and authors. Initially we wish to point out this conflicting relationship in the work of Paul Celan and Rose Ausländer, two Jewish poets born in Romania. The examples of Viktor Klemperer and Ruth Klüger emphasize the complexity of this specific characteristic in the biography/work of German authors of Jewish origin. Elias Canetti, the Nobel Laureate born in Bulgaria, is a literary personality whose biography shows the importance of German culture influence in Eastern Europe at the beginning of the Twentieth Century: Canetti considers himself a German poet who belongs to the German-speaking cultural and literary world.
The poem "Zurich, zum Storchen" by Paul Celan is often read as a document on the tension between Celan and Nelly Sachs, which resulted particularly from their different attitudes to the Shoah. However if the poem is read in connection with the cycle "Die Niemandsrose" and with Celan’s poetological thinking at this time, Celan’s opposite standpoint means much more than a theological discussion: it serves for the affirmation of human presence.
The article studies the German-speaking poetess Nelly Sachs, who received the Nobel-Prize for literature in 1966, together with Shmuel Agnon. In order to shed light upon the behind the decision of the jury, an overview on life and work of the author will be given and a number of poems will be analyzed.
This article points out facts that help to explain why Franz Kafka was not awarded the Nobel Prize.
This paper examines the decisive importance which the work of Switzerland's only – albeit now completely forgotten – Nobel Prize winner for Literature had on the development of Swiss prose in the 20th century, and all this without receiving any critical attention whatsoever. The article will also try to give an answer to one of the most frequently asked questions: why such a prestigious award was granted to an author whose name has not managed to travel beyond the borders of Switzerland or the limits of his lifetime.