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The Banat Swabians represent in the years 1867-1918 one of the most exciting parts of regional history, and we tried to contribute to a more detailed knowledge of the multicultural and cross-cultural and multi-confessional physiognomy of the region Banat. Our research intends to provide more information on the past of this cultural-linguistic and confessional group. Its presence from the eighteenth century in the region between Mures, Tisa and the Danube is correlated with the Habsburg policy of modernization and with the ethnonational identities structured in the romantic era.
The study seeks to enrich the history of regional history through a so-called marginal component, which has always played a key role in defining the specifics of a region as the Banat. We focused on the Austro-Hungarian period, highlighting the relevant passages in the life of this important community, namely, its social expression, economic and cultural development. Throughout the paper, our intention was to highlight the active participation of the Swabians at the modernization process. We chose the years 1867-1918 – those that coincide with the existence of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy – because at that time, the Banat Swabians had a spectacular economic development and an ambivalent cultural creation, between German and Hungarian.
The archives in Sibiu hold a large number of German documents of the town council with a great historical and cultural significance for the Romanian reading public. This is the reason why the selective translation of these records is more than welcome. This study deals with the difficulties encountered in the act of translation of some civil, administrative and criminal lawrecords of the town council in Sibiu between 1556 and 1705. The analyzed corpus consists of 20 texts from different periods translated into Romanian by the authors of this study. The registered difficulties are engendered on one side by the language particularities – old or worn out idioms, judicial language, dialectal influences, Latin words and phrases, an intricate structure of the sentences, the defective punctuation, abbreviations and graphic peculiarities of the actuary – and on the other side by the historical and cultural background of Transylvania in those times.
This paper discusses and analyses the importance of oral history in offering a true image of reality. Referring to the tragic destiny of the German ethnic group in Romania after the second world war – their deportation in the Soviet Union – it presents an excerpt of the narration of contemporary witnesses.
Not only in literature there are hunting vampyres. Especially in the history of eastern europe there are a few cases of this phenomena. But it is an phenomena of borders. Military borders, borders between faith and superstition and our common knowledge. In this paper I shall examine well-known sources of cases leading toward the an edict by Maria Theresia to force the end of this superstition. The sources show that there was an existing problem at the military borders of Austro-Hungary in the 18th century. When diseases came to a village and the legends about vampires were well-known there, than brave locals exhumed the body of a suspicious deceased. And they found a dead corpse in good shape. The skin had still a fresh colour. Hair and nails seemed grown and even blood was found between mouth and nose. These descriptions can be found in many sources of vampire exhumes in historical sources. But every exhume had a danger of infecting the whole society in a village if the deceased had a disease. Even if doctors and theologians examined the cases, there was never an intention to give a proof of vampyres. The phenomena of vampyres was part of a barbaric world – far away from vienna. Today's knowledge about decay of a human body shows that the descriptions in the sources are correct at this point. A body buried in a coffin still can be in a good shape. So the history of vampyres is a history of the culture transformation of legends and the history of science, to understand what happens after someone went down to his grave.
The Romanian National Archives in Sibiu keep a wide range of documents concerning the history of the Transylvanian Saxons and the every day life of the city of Sibiu. Although of major interest for historians, linguists and translators, these documents have not been fully studied so far. They represent valuable evidence of the evolution of the former German language spoken on the Transylvanian territory and, if translated into Romanian, could offer to the Romanian reader a new perspective on the Transylvanian Saxons’ history. This paper analyses, in the historic context of the time, the depositions of witnesses in a civil trial during the Austrian billeting in Sibiu in the 17th century and discusses the contents by observing the main structural characteristics of the text.
The analyzed and translated text represents a judicial protocol of a witch trial from 1697. After a brief description of the general phenomenon of the witch hunt and it’s characteristics in 17th century Transylvania the text is discussed from a point of view of its translation. The most problematic aspects are found in the depositions of the witnesses, which abound in linguistic peculiarities, ranging from archaic structures to dialect. The translator faces a dilemma when having to decide whether to translate the archaic structures into archaic ones, thus preserving the stylistic personality of the text, or into modern Romanian, which would mean creating an “open translation”. In any case the translation should not neglect the informative and oral character of the source text.
The importance of Transylvanian records of court proceedings from the end of the 17th century relies, in terms of content, on preserving the day by day life of ordinary people in Transylvania such as craftsmen, tradesmen, and peasants. Regarding linguistics, they are challenging due to the specific tension between feigned orality and literacy, when historical “spoken” language is documented. The research question pertains to describe, from a qualitative point of view, the complex sentences structure. Thereby, we look upon the different ways to construct complex sentences and their specific use according to the communicative functions of text parts: Which is the proportion between hypotaxis and parataxis in combining clauses? How deep is the hierarchy of subordinate clauses? Which subordinate clause functions are most used? Which composition types are relevant for complex sentence structure?
The present review refers to the work of Silvia Zimmermann Das Königsbild im Werk Carmen Sylvas und in Fotografien des Fürstlich Wiedischen Archivs.[The Kingʼs Image in the Work of Carmen Sylva and on Princely Archive Photographs belonging to the Wied House] The year 2014 had a triple meaning for the first Romanian Royal House: 175 years since the birth of King Charles I (20 April 2014), 145 years since his wedding with princess Elisabeth of Wied (15 November 1869) and the death centenary of King Charles I (10 October 1914, at the Peleș Castle). Silvia Zimmermann selects and comments upon texts and images which depict the reign of Charles I over Romania, a very beneficial period for the development of the country
This paper explores the context and reasons for the extensive translation of legal texts from German into Romanian in Bukovina during the Habsburg period (1775–1918) and immediately following the unification with the Romanian Kingdom. The Austrian civil code from 1811 was translated in the three important periods of translation, corresponding to the major administrative changes in the province. The paper analyses the different translations and their impact on the Romanian legislation, legal terminology and juridical style.
Im Geflecht der Identitäten : Kulturgeschichtliches, dargestellt am Beispiel von János Bolyai
(2015)
The Transylvanian-born János Bolyai (1802-1860) never ceases to attract the attention of all those interested in the history of science, as he is one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry. Bolyai also concerns the philosophy researchers, due to a social utopia, which he presents in his works, unpublished during his lifetime. From older and newer documentation, it is known that the Hungarian Bolyai nobility descent also has a German origin, from German Grafs. On the Calvaserului Valley, situated north of the Hârtibaciului Valley, lies the Buia parish, named Bolya by the Hungarians, Bell by the Germans, where the Bolyai family owned an estate and a castle. In this work, the author presents approaches concerning the genealogy of János Bolyai and reports about visits to the places where Bolyai has lived, such as Buia, Domald (Viişoara parrish) and Târgu Mureş.