Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268
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14, 125
The search for persistent elements in nature and culture, which comprises language as a constitutive part, is a prerequisite for the definition of any change which is the aim of our common project. When analysing the process of transformation by a number of disciplines we expect to discover significant features of this alteration and the forces dominating it. The current highly complex present linguistic situation in the western and south-western fringe of the Chad Basin will be reconstructed from the historical migrations undertaken by the various linguistic groups from Lake Chad (mainly Chadic languages) to their present settlements. The six authors, the linguists Dr. Dimitr Ibriszimov, Dr. Doris Löhr, Christopher Mtaku, the ethno-musicologist Dr. Raimund Vogels, and the historian Ibrahim Maina Waziri integrated the results of their studies into one paper towards a systemic approach by tracing back the common roots of the languages, the customs and the music of those peoples and give an outline of their tradition concerning their movements. A basic dual model of migration will be put forward.
14, 169
Summary and evaluation
(2000)
The geographical analysis of the Savannah Zones of north-eastern Nigeria revealed a basic insight on the differentiated development at the meso-regional level: The northern districts had a much lower population increase than the average. It was already arid land before the dramatic reduction of precipitation since the late 1960s. The quality of the soil for farming is rather poor despite specific minerals which give grass during the very short growing season a higher nutritional value than further south. Through studies at the local level, it became evident that on one side this is an area of out-migration of the local population but on the other side we have to register the influx of migrants from the even more dryer northern districts including Niger Republic. The rate of urbanisation in Nigeria increased rapidly from 15 to 36 %. Northern capitals like Kano and Maiduguri multiplied their number of inhabitants seven times but were overtaken by Gombe’s growth. In any case they are centres of social and cultural change as the preliminary findings of H. BALZEREK concerning the boom-town Gombe revealed. But social tensions seem to be inevitable as religious movements not only in big towns like Kano but even in Gombe were already analysed by WATTS (1993, 61). The bearer/ carriers of this movement are landless people who did not migrate to new land in the country side, they are hoping for new jobs in an urban environment. The social structure has changed since the time of the old Hausa towns, but their reliance on surplus of labour force appears to have continued.