Journal of religious culture = Journal für Religionskultur
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30
Die Behandlung einiger Aspekte der Religiosität des jungen Goethe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der damaligen Frankfurter religiösen Verhältnisse hat zunächst die Vieldeutbarkeit der Äußerungen des Dichters zu unserem Thema, ihren Metapher-Charakter zur Kenntnis zu nehmen: Goethe wurde (und wird) für ganz verschiedene Interessen in Anspruch genommen, die die Interpretation jeweils "kanalisieren"! So pries das freigeistige 19. Jahrhundert in ihm den Religionsverächter und großen Heiden; David Friedrich Strauß und Ernst Haeckel haben sich auf ihn berufen. Der liberale Kulturprotestantismus wieder-um sah im Dichter des "Faust" eher einen modernen Christen, während neoklassische Ausleger Goethes Religion als eine neue Offenbarung des weltimmanenten Göttlichen und Goethe als Begründer einer vom Christlichen gelösten "Welt-frömmigkeit", ja eines neuen Heidentums priesen [1]. Inzwischen gelten solche Versuche, Goethes religiöses Denken als Doktrin zu fassen, trotz seiner Empfehlung, seine Schriften als "Bruchstücke einer großen Confession" zu lesen, als problematisch. Schon der Titel seiner Autobiographie "Dichtung und Wahrheit" deutet auf den poetischen Anteil an der Selbstreflexion hin. ...
27-09
Auf was ich in diesem Vortrag vor allem aufmerksam machen möchte, ist die Laienpraxis, deswegen auch im Titel "Lieschen". Unter Lieschen verstehe ich einfach eine ganz normale deutsche Frau, die ganz normal lebt, sei es, daß sie berufstätig ist, sei es, daß sie Kinder hat, wie auch immer, die jetzt Buddhismus praktizieren will und dabei damit rechnen muß, eine ganz unbeachtete Erscheinung zu sein und männliche Lehrer zu haben, denn in der tibetischen Tradition sind weibliche Lehrerinnen bisher eine sehr große Seltenheit. Sie werden es wohl auch für längere Zeit bleiben, weil wir an unsere Lehrer so hohe Anforderungen haben, daß man wohl damit rechnen muß, daß es Generationen dauern wird, bis wir wirklich so weit sind, daß wir Lehrerinnen produzieren können. ...
27-08
1. Die Lehre des Buddhismus ist die Lehre von Ursache und Wirkung. Buddha sagt:"Wer das bedingte Entstehen versteht, versteht Dharma, wer den Dharma versteht, versteht das bedingte Entstehen". Dharma ist die Lehre des Buddha. Dharma bedeutet "Wahrheit", "Gesetzmäßigkeit", "Naturgesetzt". Die gesamte Lehre von Buddha handelt von Menschen, von uns und von der Natur. Buddha hat ein andermal gesagt: "Die Lehre über das Entstehen in Abhängigkeit ist sehr tiefgründig und subtil". Nur mit dem Intellekt können wir es nicht "verstehen." Wörter sind leider nur ein lineares intellektuelles Mittel, was begrenzt ist....
26
Well before, even centuries before the II Vatican Council there were a lot of theological ac-tivities in India in the context of the different religions, particularly in the context of Hindu-ism. But the Council’s articulations on the Church’s relation with the non-Christian religions gave a tremendous boost to the theological movement in India. Almost all theological reflec-tions in India began to situate themselves in the context of non-Christian religions, especially Hinduism. These theological reflections did not remain solely in the theological circles. They began to trickle down, perhaps hesitantly, into the official ecclesiastical circles. These ele-ments may be considered in the near future by the magisterium of the Church. The reflections in this article are mainly based on: 1. The II Vatican council’s and the post-consiliar magisterium’s teachings on the Church’s relation with the non-Christian religions. 2. "Instrumentum Laboris" which was prepared taking into consideration the theological ac-tivities in Asia, and of course in India, and was published on Feb. 1998, in preparation for the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops. 3. Some of the interventions of the Bishops, especially from India, on the floor of the special assembly held on 19th April to 14th May 1998.
27-11
Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche was presumably born in 1865 and died in 1951 and was one of the most famous female religious masters in traditional Tibet. Among her various religious roles were those of pilgrim, professional singer of manis (mani pa), healer, a messenger from the land of the dead (‘das log), yogini, nun, lineage-holder, visionary, performer of miracles (siddha), emanation, treasure-finder, religious teacher and head of a nunnery. In short, she had all the signs and charisma of a holy person. She was popularly known as Jetsun or Ani Lochen (A ne Lo chen), and among her several other names Rigdzin Chönyi Sangmo (Rig ’dzin chos nyid bzang mo) was frequently used. The main textual source regarding Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche’s life is her autobiography (271 folios). Lochen was repeatedly requested by her disciples to tell her life-story, but only in 1937, when she was requested by Drubchen Dawa Dorje Rinpoche (Grub chen Zla ba rdo rje rin po che), whom she recognized as the reincarnation of her root-lama Pema Gyatso (Padma rgya mtsho, 1829-1889/90), did she consent. Although she started telling her life-story in 1937, she abandoned the project and apparently did not take it up again until about twelve years later, in 1949, when she again was requested by Drubchen Dawa Dorje and four named diciples. Lochen told the story of her life up to the 25th day of the 11th month of 1949. The nun-teacher Thinlay (rGan ‘Phrin las) wrote the draft and it was completed by Dawa Dorje Rinpoche. ...
15 b
The Hindu Buddha according to the theology of the Bengali Vaishnava Acharya Bhaktivedanta Swami
(1999)
In the broad Indian religious culture we find two basic concepts of the inner structure of the Holy. The Advaita religion believes in the 'not-two' will say absolute 'oneness' of the ultimate reality. The Dvaita religion yet believes in 'two' will say the dual structure of the whole. Nevertheless, the latter one is no radical dualism because it recognises nothing to be outside the last reality. It is a kind of 'dualist monism' and insofar fundamentally different to West Asian and European moderate or radical dualism. The Dvaita religion experiences the inner structure of the Holy as everlasting dynamic relation of the whole and its parts. As a rule, the representation of the whole is the personal God, mostly called Bhagavan. The representations of the parts are the soul or jivas. Mostly following the idea the whole being a personal God the Dvaita religion is something like theism; yet, it is an Indian or Hindu theism teaching that the Godhead comprises within herself souls and matter, too. By the way, many of the jivas aren't conscious of their role within the Holy. They erroneously take themselves for empty monads and believe that they would get their realisation only by implementing themselves with 'matter'. Experiencing in this concern the uselessness of matter, the maya energy of the Godhead, they can get the true consciousness of their role as divine co-players in the inner divine play or lila. ...
27-07
The primary aim in establishing Dolma Ling Institute is to raise the education standard and improve the opportunity for nuns to study advanced Buddhist philosophy and doctrine. During the Tibetan Women's Association fourth working committee meeting in Dharamsala in October, 1992, His Holiness the Dalai Lama said, " In our society , we have as a legacy from the past the notion that nuns engage in ritual only and do not study Buddhist texts. This should be changed." His Holiness has in this way been urging the nuns to study higher Buddhist philosophy, in order to gain a deeper knowledge of Buddhism. Whenever His Holiness visits the Tibetan nunneries, he takes the opportunity to ecourage them to study. Dolma Ling Institute is specifically non sectarian and intented to provide nuns from all lineages with the opportunity to study to develop their full academic and spiritual potential. The crucial purpose of the overall project is to allow scholastically gifted nuns to attain the highest level of religious studies, that is the Geshe degree. This much respected degree has up until now only been attained by monks. Enabling women to participate in the study course leading to this goal will give them the confidence to take on roles as teachers and leaders within the communities. ...
28
1. Introduction and intentions. 2. Aspects of Christianity. 2.1. Jesus Christ. 2.1.1. Titles; 2.1.2. Character and mission 2.2. The Bible. 2.3. Criticism. 2.4. Bhaktivedanta Swami. 2.4.1. Comparison with Jesus; 2.4.2. Devia-tions. 3. Final summary. 4. Sources 1. Introduction and intentions The Vaishnava News Network (VNN; Internet-address: http://www.vnn.org/) is a "network of collaborating Vaishnavas worldwide providing the world Vaishnava community with news and forums of communication", offering its news service free of charge. Founded in 1997 by an international group of Vaishnavas it calls itself an "independent, comprehensive and universal informa-tion source and communication center". Anyone can participate, i.e. write arti-cles for the VNN which does not censor any news "as long as it conforms with the VNN Standards of Publication." VNN tells the virtual community about the theological background that, "al-though primarily founded by students of A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami, (it) holds no partiality whatsoever towards any group or divisions of any Vaishnava school" and "is not affiliated, dominated, funded or controlled by any particular Vaishnava organization or group other than its correspondents, senior editors and staff". It is aligned with the philosophical path delineated by their spiritual preceptors in line with the teachings of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, known as Gaudiya Vaishnavism." In this essay different views of Christianity of several correspondents, senior editors and other staff members of VNN shall be treated. The text sources of the investigation were confined in time to one calendary year (1998). All relevant writings published by VNN can be looked up by means of the VNN internal search engine, concentrating on the key words "Jesus Christ", "Christianity" and "Bible". The results in this piece of work will be compared steadily to the scriptures of the Bengal Swami Abhay Caranaravinda Bhaktivedanta (1896-1977), briefly called "Bhaktivedanta Swami" or with the honorary title "Srila Prabhupada", mainly because of his predominant and fundamental influence on the modern Vaishnava community, not only in the western world of this outgoing 20th cen-tury. Especially Bhaktivedanta Swami's conception of an inter-religious dia-logue with the Christian faith will be taken into consideration. With that the author wants to examine the execution of his plans, the extent of possible changes and the seriousness performed by Bhaktivedanta Swami's pu-pils resp. by ISKCON devotees introduced after his death.
27-02
Die Wissenschaftliche Irenik hat im klaren Gegensatz dazu eine ganz andere Aufgabe. Die Bezeichnung Irenik leitet sich von dem griechischen Wort "Eirene" her, das wir normalerweise mit Frieden übersetzen . Das ist in unserem Zusammenhang hier, jedoch im Zusammenhang der Wissenschaftlichen Irenik, als Übersetzung des hebräischen Wortes Shalom zu verstehen , meint also den positiven Zustand des Heils. Die Aufgabe der Irenik besteht also darin, das Heilsame der Religionen zu bewahren. Das heißt im Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Religionskritik, die für die Menschen notwendige aber relative Bedeutung der verschiedenen einzelnen Religionen heraus zuarbeiten .
27-10
Disziplin kann man nicht in äußeren Dingen finden, wie in der Erde, den Steinen oder Bergen, sondern nur im Inneren fühlender Wesen. Als gewöhnliche Menschen — Frauen wie Männer — sind wir uns darin gleich, Fehler und Qualitäten zu haben. Unter dem Einfluß von Leidenschaften — sogenannten klesas (nyon mongs) — wie Begierde, Wut oder Zorn, Stolz und Neid schaden wir anderen durch die zehn unheilsamen Handlungen von Körper, Sprache und Geist: Töten, Stehlen, Sexuelles Fehlverhalten, Lügen, Verleumden, grobe Rede, unsinniges Geschwätz, Habgier, Übelwollen und verkehrte Ansichten. Ab und zu entwickeln wir Vertrauen, liebevolle Zuneigung oder Mitgefühl und führen, davon motiviert, einige heilsame Handlungen durch, stehen anderen hilfreich zur Seite und nützen sogar der Gesellschaft.