Insecta Mundi
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A taxonomic overview for the fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder (= Argynnis Fabricius) and its placement within the Heliconiinae (Nymphalidae) is presented. Taxonomic accounts, type images, and relevant literature for the 25 subspecies within the Speyeria atlantis (Edwards) and Speyeria hesperis (Edwards) complexes and the 16 nominate Speyeria species are included. Errors in nomenclature are identified, taxonomic, life history, and distributional information are updated, and type locality information is discussed. Images of primary type specimens for all 16 Speyeria species and the 25 subspecies in the atlantis - hesperis complexes appear together in color here for the first time. One new combination of a species-subspecies is created: Speyeria hesperis hanseni Emmel, Emmel, and Matoon, 1998, new combination, which was previously Speyeria atlantis hanseni Emmel, Emmel, and Matoon.
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Five species of the aphid genus Sipha Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are reported in North America and are reviewed herein. Of these species, three are adventive species and include: Sipha elegans del Guercio, Sipha glyceriae (Kaltenbach), and Sipha maydis Passerini. Sipha maydis was discovered in California in 2007 and now has been found in Georgia. The genus also includes two native species: Sipha agropyronensis (Gillette) and Sipha flava (Forbes). Sipha maydis can be distinguished easily from all the other species in the genus that occur in North America because it is black. All the species except S. agropyronensis have been implicated in damage to crop plants. A key to the apterae and alatae of Sipha found in North America is included.
0330
Cupido comyntas (Godart), the eastern tailed-blue, is a legume-feeding caterpillar native to North America. One of its three subspecies, Cupido comyntas comyntas (Godart), is distributed over the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. This subspecies was recorded for the first time feeding on cultivated soybean. Caterpillars fed upon soybean at various developmental stages, ranging from seedlings to podded plants, in several fields within a 5-km radius in Brookings County, South Dakota, from July 1 – 25, 2013. Feeding was confined to leaves, and no pod damage was observed. The caterpillars occurred at relatively low densities that were unlikely to have affected yield of soybean crops. An early maturity soybean line, H007Y12, had a lower incidence of C. comyntas comyntas caterpillars than a relatively later maturity line, H19Y11. Butterflies of C. comyntas comyntas were observed feeding from soybean flowers on multiple dates in July and early August. As the geographic distribution of C. comyntas comyntas considerably overlaps the area where soybean is grown, entomologists should watch for and document any additional infestation of soybean by these caterpillars.
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Four species of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) are known from the West Indies: Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty), Scapteriscus abbreviatus Scudder, S. didactylus (Latreille), and S. imitatus Nickle and Castner. All are adventive (not native). We document their distributions in West Indian islands/countries by use of records from the literature and examination of specimens. Scapteriscus abbreviatus has been suggested to have arrived in, and been transported about the West Indies in ship ballast (immigration). Based on records of arrival in various parts of the West Indies and the species’ inability to fly, this suggestion seems reasonable. Scapteriscus imitatus pparently was released in Puerto Rico as a result of mistaken identification (introduction – arriving with assistance from humans – although inadvertent), and has not expanded its range in the West Indies. Although the principal mode of dispersal for the other two species also has been suggested to be ship ballast, we present an alternative based on flight which would seem at least equally as plausible. We suggest that S. didactylus could have dispersed by flight from South America through the Lesser Antilles; likewise N. hexadactyla probably from the Yucatan Peninsula to Cuba, and from South America northward through the Lesser Antilles, in at least some localities assisted by wind. Our zoogeographical alternative, if correct, means that the natural range expansions of these latter two species began very long ago and without human assistance – they were not introduced recently to the West Indies.
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Taxonomic revision of North American Eusphalerum Kraatz, 1857 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae)
(2014)
The North American species of the genus Eusphalerum Kraatz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae) are revised. The taxonomic history, natural history, geographical distribution of the genus, characters, species groups, diversity, and biogeography of North American species are presented. Two main phylogenetic lineages and 13 species groups are provisionally recognized. The following new synonymies are proposed: Eusphalerum farrarae (Hatch, 1944) = E. lawrencei Hatch, 1957; Eusphalerum californicum (Fauvel, 1878) = E. atriventre (Casey, 1894), = E. nigerrimum (Casey, 1894), = E. gilvipenne (Casey, 1894), = E. dichroum (Fall, 1922), = E. bonnelli (Hatch, 1944), = E. lunae Hatch, 1957; Eusphalerum fraternum (Casey, 1894) = E. minskae (Hatch, 1944); Eusphalerum rugulosum (Mäklin, 1853) = E. grayae (Hatch, 1944); Eusphalerum orientale (Bernhauer, 1912) = E. frosti (Bernhauer, 1928). The following lectotypes are designated: E. subangulatum (Casey), E. californicum (Fauvel), E. gilvipenne (Casey), E. diversicolle (Casey), E. convexum (Fauvel), E. fraternum (Casey), E. horni (Fauvel), E. orientale (Bernhauer), E. pothos (Mannerheim), and E. punctatum (Casey). The following new species are described: Eusphalerum pilosum (California); E. klimaszewskii (British Columbia); E. chatzimanolisi (California); E. carolinensis (Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia); E. caterinoi (California); E. luteipes (California); E. thayeranum (Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Indiana (doubtful record), Oregon, Washington); E. margaretae (Tennessee); E. newtoni (British Columbia, Oregon, California); E. parvispiculum (California, Oregon); E. uncinatum (British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington). Eusphalerum lapponicum (Mannerheim, 1830) is excluded from the North American fauna. The following new combination is proposed: Xylodromus segmentarius (Mäklin, 1852: 322) (ex Omalium), wrongly attributed to Eusphalerum in the literature. Omalium marginatum Say, 1832 is considered a doubtful species, probably not Eusphalerum. A key to the 27 recognized North American Eusphalerum species and a catalog of the species are provided.
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Species of Hydrosmecta C. G. Thomson, occurring in eastern Canada, are studied and reviewed. Six species are recognized, and two of them are described as new to science. The new species are: Hydrosmecta canadensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species, and Hydrosmecta minutissimoides Webster and Klimaszewski, new species. Two species described in the USA are recorded from Canada and New Brunswick for the first time: Hydrosmecta caduca Casey and Hydrosmecta dulcis Casey. New distribution and collection data, diagnoses, a key for species identification, and images of habitus and genital structures are provided. Hydrosmecta newfoundlandica Klimaszewski and Langor, 2011, is transferred to the genus Atheta Thomson based on morphology of genital structures.
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A new subgenus, Hydrosmectomorpha Klimaszewski and Webster, of the genus Atheta C. G. Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) is erected to accommodate three new species and Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor). The new species are: Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) meduxnekeagensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species; Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) quebecensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species, Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) vincenti Webster and Klimaszewski, new species. The new species are described, illustrated, and a key is provided. Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor), was recently transferred from Hydrosmecta C.G. Thomson to an unspecified subgenus of Atheta. New habitat/collection data are presented for the treated species.