Insecta Mundi
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945
The tortoise beetle, Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) is endemic to South Africa. Its endemic host, Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae) has been introduced in other countries where it is becoming invasive. Cassida sphaerula could provide a potential biocontrol of Arctotheca weeds as it spends the entire life cycle on this host. An intensive field study, with rearing, photography, and short films of C. sphaerula was conducted in its native habitat to document the life cycle. A checklist of Cassidinae genera in South Africa, along with 19 new host records for Cassidini species in South Africa are presented. Oothecae are simple, with few laminate membranes enclosing fewer than five eggs. There are five larval instars. Larvae and adults feed by making a series of cuts in the ventral cuticle, forming an arc, and they consume the mesophyll as the cuticle is rolled to one side. This creates many ventral craters, thickened on one margin with the rolled cuticle; these ventral craters correspond to ‘windows’ in the dorsal leaf surface where the dorsal cuticle is left intact. This unusual feeding pattern is known in three Cassida species, all in South Africa. Like many tortoise beetles, instar I initiates a feces-only shield on its paired caudal processes (= urogomophi); this construction is retained, along with exuviae, by subsequent instars. The shield construction was studied by film and dissections. This revealed that the columnar or pyramidal shield in this species has an exterior of dry or moist feces that obscures the central nested stack of exuviae, each exuviae compressed onto the caudal processes. Pupae may retain the entire larval shield of exuviae and feces or only the 5th instar exuviae; this behavioral flexibility in pupal shield retention is novel for tortoise beetles. Behaviors of C. sphaerula are discussed in the context of phylogenetic characters that can give evolutionary insights into the genus, tribe, and subfamily.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4AC56F98-6474-4AAD-A2A9-51AE2F39A1E1
909
Erebaces woodruffi Anderson, new species (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini), from Palawan (Philippines) is described and illustrated. This is the second species of the genus Erebaces Pascoe described from the Philippines. It can be separated from Erebaces kidapawanus Pancini by the pair of divergent dorsal pale-scaled lines on the pronotum extended onto the elytra and by the form of the elytral tubercles.
924
931
New species, synonymy, new records, and taxonomic notes in American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
(2022)
Cotyclytus parumnotatus (Zajciw, 1963) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Clytini) is revalidated and a neotype is designated. Anatinomma Bates, 1892 (Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini) is reported as a neuter gender and two species-group names are corrected: A. brevicorne Fisher, 1944 and A. insulare Chemsak and Linsley, 1964; the latter is newly recorded from Honduras. Pachymerola vitticollis Bates, 1892 (Cerambycinae: Hyboderini) is recorded for the first time in the Mexican state of Jalisco, and chromatic variation is reported. Smodicum dinellii Bruch, 1911 (Cerambycinae: Smodicini) is recorded from Bolivia; and Corcovado bezarki Martins and Galileo, 2008 (Lamiinae: Hemilophini) is recorded from Belize. Parhippopsis Breuning, 1973 (Lamiinae: Agapanthiini) is synonymized with Rosalba Thomson, 1864 (Lamiinae: Apomecynini) and Rosalba columbiana (Breuning, 1973) is a new combination. Neocompsa flavoquadripunctata Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Cerambycinae: Neoibidionini), is described from Mexico (Jalisco); Temnopis spiculata Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Cerambycinae: Oemini) is described from Bolivia (Beni); Trichohippopsis basilaris Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Lamiinae: Agapanthiini) and Anobrium bicolor Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Lamiinae: Pteropliini) are described from French Guiana.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8722FCF5-3ACB-4CA5-93DD-9A7647163BD0
957
New taxa in Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are traditionally proposed after inspection of male genitalia, which largely form the basis for Hesperiidae taxonomy. However, with genomic DNA sequencing, even a single female specimen can be placed in a phylogenetic context of existing classification and taxonomically assigned with confidence. Genomic sequencing of an unusually patterned Hesperiidae female from San Martin, Peru, characterized by pearly spots outlining an inverted heart pattern on the rust-colored ventral hindwing, reveals that it represents an undescribed genus and species named here as Gemmia buechei Brockmann and Grishin, new genus and new species.
ZooBank registration. https://zoobank.org/2FA538FA-7D65-4097-9BBA-71CD1B2795E5
944
A database of larval host plants for the tortricid tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is presented, and larval hosts are summarized for each genus. Food plants have been reported for over 400 of the approximately 1,644 described species of Grapholitini. Of the 81 genera currently assigned to the tribe, at least one larval host has been reported for 51. Ninety-seven different plant families have been reported at least once for a species of Grapholitini, with the greatest number of grapholitines recorded from Fabaceae (168 species), followed by Fagaceae (43 species), Pinaceae (43), Sapindaceae (36), Rosaceae (30), Asteraceae (30), Euphorbiaceae (15), Rutaceae (12), Annonaceae (12), Salicaceae (11), and Cupressaceae (11). Thirty-two genera appear to be restricted, or nearly so, to specific host families, but many of these are either monotypic or are represented by exceedingly few records. Extraordinarily, entomophagy is well documented in three genera: Andrioplecta, Coccothera, and Parapammene. Two new combinations are provisionally proposed based on hosts and male genitalia: Andrioplecta magnetica (Meyrick, 1928), new combination, and A. theristis (Meyrick, 1912), new combination, both of which are currently assigned to “Grapholitini unplaced species.”
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:251B8BE3-31BC-481B-8214-16C0EFFB32FF
927
Eight new species of Eucosmocydia Diakonoff are described and illustrated from the Afrotropical region: E. pappeana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. deinbolliana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. ugandensis Aarvik, new species (TL: Uganda); E. lecaniodiscana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. nigeriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Nigeria); E. pancoviana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. kirimiriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); and E. macabensis Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Mauritius). Three additional species are transferred to the genus: E. hymenosa (Razowski, 2013), new combination (TL: Nigeria); E. chlorobathra (Meyrick, 1911), new combination (TL: Seychelles); and E. trigonoptila (Meyrick, 1921), new combination (TL: Mozambique). We also transfer to the genus E. catamochla (Meyrick, 1932), new combination (TL: Indonesia), the first species recorded outside the Afrotropical region. We recognize two species groups in Eucosmocydia, and this contribution focuses on the oedipus Diakonoff, 1988 group (n = 13 species), the males of which are characterized by a unique flattened lobe from the base of the hindwing. Six species from Kenya were reared exclusively from native fruit of Sapindaceae; E. mixographa (Meyrick) was formerly reported from Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE18CA26-20E8-48D3-ABD0-22A0D9891065
952
This paper presents a taxonomic review of the genus Boreocanthon Halffter, restored generic status, a group of ball-rolling (telocoprid) dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) endemic to North America. The genus, heretofore treated as a subgenus of Canthon, comprises 13 species, each keyed, diagnosed, illustrated and presented with information on distribution, relationships, and biology (*signifies restored generic combination): *Boreocanthon ateuchiceps (Bates, 1887); B. coahuilensis (Howden, 1966); *B. depressipennis (LeConte, 1859c); *B. ebenus (Say, 1823); *B. forreri (Bates, 1887); *B. integricollis (Schaeffer, 1915); *B. lecontei (Harold, 1868); *B. melanus (Robinson, 1948); *B. praticola (LeConte, 1868); *B. probus (Germar, 1823); *B. puncticollis (LeConte, 1866); *B. simplex (LeConte, 1857); as well as Boreocanthon halffteri Edmonds here described as a new species. Other actions taken are a) Canthon mixtus Robinson declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon puncticollis; b) Canthon bisignatus Balthasar, 1939, declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon simplex; c) Boreocanthon coahuilensis (Howden) new generic combination; and d) neotype designated for the type species of the genus Boreocanthon, Ateuchus ebenus Say, 1823, here Boreocanthon ebenus (Say).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74CC7BA2-4E8D-4780-BB1B-E47370CBB19D
910
953
Megapsyrassa Linsley, 1961 is synonymized with Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Aneflomorpha martini Chemsak and Linsley, 1968 is synonymized with Psyrassa sinaloae Linsley, 1935, and the species is transferred to Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912, new combination. Morphological and chromatic variations in Psyrassa cylindricollis Linsley, 1935 are reported, and a new state record is provided. New records are provided for the following species: Psyrassa atkinsoni (Chemsak and Giesbert, 1986) new combination; P. ebenina Linsley, 1935; and P. nigripes Linsley, 1935. Lastly, four new species of Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 are described: Psyrassa wappesi García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Michoacán); P. sonorensis García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Sonora); P. obscuriventris García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Jalisco); and P. ocularis García and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala (Zacapa).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:194F7545-EF7C-44B7-9783-286A8BDEB1EC