Medienwissenschaft / Hamburg: Berichte und Papiere
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The following list includes all traceable films of at least 30 minutes length, which explicitly address the current financial, economic and debt crisis as a main topic and have been available in English or German via European cinemas, television stations, or the internet. This includes dubbed or subtitled versions of films produced in other languages. The film descriptions mostly come from the films’ or television stations’ websites or other marketing material, so they are not necessarily objective (although often informative).
The list is based on an extensive internet search but nevertheless will probably be incomplete and sometimes imprecise. For instance, there is virtually no information about how often the cinema films have actually been shown in theaters; many of them may have been shown just a few times. There are lots of interesting shorter films like The Financial Crisis (Session I–V) (Denmark 2009, Superflex) or RSA Animate: Crises of Capitalism (GB 2010, RSA/David Harvey). Those short films are not listed here, but often they can be easily found and watched online.
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In the first years of cinematography, the exhibitors mostly used magic lantern slides to project films titles before the film’s projection. In Europe and in the United States, around 1902–1903, motion pictures started to be sold with edited titles on films, and edited subtitles on multi shot films. From around 1907, as the length and number of shots, subtitles and words increased, there was a kind of competition between the subtitle and the lecturer to explain the films to the audiences. In the transitional period – 1907–1916 –, the trade press and scenario manuals constantly debated subtitle usefulness and limits. On one hand the dream of cinematography as a universal language was incompatible with this device, and the strong ideal of the titleless film advocated that moving pictures should tell stories by themselves, without the aid of any external narration, like theatre plays. On the other hand, there were more realistic approaches: subtitles were unavoidable, as they were essential to make a film understandable. The main recommendation, however, was to use them very sparingly, and only when it was absolutely necessary, because they might spoil suspense by giving a summary of the action in advance, they were also considered to have an adverse impact on the “reality effect”, to be exterior to the story and to interrupt the flow of images. Despite the reluctances and ambivalences towards it, as the industry organized itself in the 1910’s the subtitle was retooled, and became conventional and largely used for the construction of the classical narrative film.
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Seymour Chatman (born 1928) is an American film and literary critic, a professor emeritus of rhetoric at the University of California, Berkeley. He is one of the most significant figures of American narratology, being regarded as a prominent representative of its Structuralist or "classic" branch. Among his works are not only some analyses of Antonionis‘s films, his narratological books and articles – especially on problems of perspectivity – found much interest in filmtheoretical research.
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Film festivals have been the blank spot of cinema scholarship throughout most of the twentieth century. Although individual festival histories and anniversary books have been published for many years and the topic of film festivals has occasionally been addressed in academic studies – focusing for example on art or national cinemas – the phenomenon of film festivals was, until recently, rarely the main focus of study. In the last few years, academics have turned to study the broad range of film festival constituencies. These works aim to explain, theorize, and historicize film festivals and, in doing so, point to the emergence of a new field of academic study, film festival research, in which knowledge of festivals is considered essential for our understanding of cinema cultures.
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