European journal of taxonomy : EJT
Paris : Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
ISSN: 2118-9773
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949
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) is distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. It has been recognized as a species with highly variable intraspecific coloration. To clarify taxonomic confusion and show the characters for correct identification of this valuable species, mitochondrial DNA (16S and COI), color patterns, external and internal morphology, ossicles, and habitat were examined in specimens from museum collections and from original sampling. As part of the revision, I. fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) from the Eastern Pacific Ocean and I. macroparentheses (Clark, 1922) from the Caribbean Sea, the only other two species currently recognized in the genus Isostichopus, were included. It was concluded that I. fuscus and I. macroparentheses are distinct and valid species, and that I. badionotus consists of two species: I. badionotus and I. maculatus (Greeff, 1882), previously synonymized as I. baqdionotus by Clark (1922). Isostichopus maculatus includes two subspecies, the nominal I. maculatus maculatus (Greeff, 1882) and I. maculatus phoenius (Clark, 1922), described as Stichopus badionotus var. phoenius Clark, 1922. Isostichopus maculatus maculatus, distributed in the East Atlantic, is very similar to I. maculatus phoenius, but differs in DNA characters, color pattern, and the size and shape of the tables in the dorsal papillae. Isostichopus maculatus phoenius, widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, is sympatric with I. badionotus, has similar ossicles but is clearly distinguished by its DNA sequences, color patterns, and habitat preferences. For the first time, ossicles from internal organs are described for Isostichopus, enhancing original species descriptions. Distribution maps, habitat, biology, conservation status, and a taxonomic key for distinguishing these species to aid their fishery management and aquaculture are presented.
948
India is a large country in Asia, and covers the transition zone between the Palaearctic and Indomalayan biogeographic realms, with influences from both. Present in India are members of the genus Andrena, an enormous bee genus distributed predominantly throughout the Holarctic, with the greatest Indian diversity in the Himalayan region due to its Palaearctic influences. Despite early studies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there has been almost no work on this group in India during the past century. A revision of type and non-type museum material combined with new collections has produced a revised total of 36 species of Andrena for India, including 11 species reported for the first time as well as the newly described Andrena (Melandrena) kedarnatha Wood & Gautam sp. nov. (northern India and Nepal) and Andrena (Simandrena) tungnatha Wood & Gautam sp. nov. (northern India). The true holotype of A. (Euandrena) communis Smith, 1879 is definitively located. Andrena burkelii Bingham, 1908 is synonymised with A. (Pallandrena) morosa Cameron, 1897. Lectotypes are designated for A. (Euandrena) murreensis Cockerell, 1923 and A. (incertae sedis) comberima beharica Cockerell, 1920. Further comments are made on the status of Andrena taxa described from India for which type material is and is not currently available. Thirty additional Andrena taxa suggested as present in the Indian fauna are excluded as either erroneous or lacking supporting data. These results illustrate the extent to which study of the Indian Andrena fauna has been confused, and provide a more stable taxonomic base for future studies in this country.
947:289–308
Croton maranonensis: a new species of Euphorbiaceae from the tropical inter-Andean dry valleys
(2024)
We describe Croton maranonensis Riina & Martín-Muñoz sp. nov., a species in Croton section Julocroton (Mart.) G.L.Webster from the seasonally dry tropical forests and shrublands of the inter-Andean valleys. This species is a small shrub occurring along the Marañón river valley in Peru and similar dry areas in southern Ecuador. We surveyed morpho-anatomical characters of the new species and closely related taxa. To confirm the placement of the new species in C. section Julocroton, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis including three accessions of the new species and selected representatives of section Julocroton and related groups within Croton L. Micro- and macro-morphological evidence, and molecular data support C. maranonensis sp. nov. as an independent lineage within the C. section Julocroton clade. We compared the new species with morphologically similar species in the same section that also occur in the Andean region, including C. flavispicatus Rusby, C. triqueter Lam., and C. hondensis (H.Karst.) G.L.Webster.
947:20-52
In this study, we describe two new species of Mesobiotus based on morphological data collected through light and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptions include DNA sequences of four commonly used molecular markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2, and COI). Mesobiotus efa sp. nov. was discovered in North-West Russia and belongs to the group of species with smooth cuticle, harmsworthi-type OCA, typical Mesobiotus claws IV with unindented lunules, and egg chorion with reticulated processes in form of ‘sharp wide cones’ or ‘cones with long slender endings’, egg process bases with well-developed crone of dark thickenings without finger-like projections, and egg shell surface between the processes with ridges without reticulation, areolation or semi-areolation. It can be distinguished from all know species of this group by a unique combination of morphological and morphometric characters. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov. was found in the Russian Far East, and is similar to Mesobiotus mauccii by having an egg chorion with polygonal relief. The new species can be distinguished from M. mauccii by having a narrower buccal tube, by details of oral cavity armature, and by longer egg chorion processes. Furthermore, we provide results of the phylogenetic analyses of the genus Mesobiotus conducted in this study.
947:268-288
Two previously unrecognized species attributable to the genus Kontrimavichusia Makarikov & Binkienė, 2022 in arvicoline rodents from the North Caucasus are described. Kontrimavichusia testiculata sp. nov. is described from Microtus majori (Thomas, 1906) from the northwestern Caucasus (Republic of Adygeya and Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia) and Kontrimavichusia hobergi sp. nov. is described from Microtus daghestanicus (Shidlovsky, 1919) from the central Caucasus (Republic of North Ossetia, Russia). Kontrimavichusia testiculata is readily distinguishable from K. asymmetrica (Janicki, 1904) and K. hobergi in having a larger number of testes (4–6 per proglottis), larger suckers and a longer cirrus and cirrus-sac. In addition, the new species differs from its congeners by the position of the cirrus-sac with regard to the poral osmoregulatory canals and position of distal end of the rostellar pouch relative to the posterior margins of the suckers. Kontrimavichusia hobergi can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the arrangement of the testes in a triangle and the position of the cirrus-sac with regard to the poral osmoregulatory canals. In addition, this previously unrecognized species differs from K. asymmetrica and K. testiculata by the smaller dimensions of the fully developed strobila and a narrower ovary. The cirrus-sac of K. hobergi is larger than that in K. asymmetrica but smaller than that in K. testiculata. We also used partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal 28S rRNA gene and mitochondrial nad1 gen to justify the generic arrangement and independent status of these two new species which are characterized in the current manuscript.
947:216–247
Due to the fragility of the ophiuroid (brittle star) skeleton, the bulk of the group’s fossil record consists of dissociated ossicles preserved as microfossils. In spite of their great potential as basis for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, however, ophiuroid ossicles from the Paleozoic have received very little attention so far. Here, we provide an exhaustive taxonomic assessment of such fossils retrieved from sieving residues from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. This material was used in a previous study to describe two key taxa that allowed constraining the origin of the extant ophiuroid clade. The remaining taxa belonging to that same lineage are described in the present paper. The evidence at hand suggests that the stem of the extant ophiuroid clade was formed by two genera, Ophiopetagno and Ophiolofsson gen. nov., including six and five species, respectively, and spanning at least the upper Llandovery through upper Ludlow. We conclude that Ophiopetagno and Ophiolofsson represent sister genera that coexisted through most of the Silurian in the shallow tropical seas of Gotland. They underwent repeated body size reductions in correlation with environmental perturbations, with Ophiopetagno paicei eventually giving rise to Muldaster haakei; the first member of the living Ophiuroidea. Herein, we also introduce two new clades, Ankhurida clade nov. and Ophiovalida clade nov., and the following eight new species: Ophiolofsson joelmciveri gen. et sp. nov., O. obituary gen. et sp. nov., O. immolation gen. et sp. nov., O. archspire gen. et sp. nov., O. hendersonorum gen. et sp. nov., Ophiopetagno bonzo sp. nov., O. kansas sp. nov., O. doro sp. nov.; and two probably new species in open nomenclature: Ophiopetagno sp. 1, and Ophiopetagno sp. 2.
947:1-19
Description of four new species of the Neotropical genus Scione Walker, 1850 (Diptera: Tabanidae)
(2024)
After 94 years after the last revision of the genus and after 22 years since the last species was named, we describe four new species of Scione from Ecuador and Peru: S. cooperi sp. nov., S. gertrudeae sp. nov., S. kroeberi sp. nov. and S. merianae sp. nov. We provide diagnoses, descriptions, photographs and discussions for each of the species.
947:248–267
The genus Lissocnemis Kohl, 1907 of the subfamily Ctenocerinae is recorded from Korea for the first time. The diagnosis and characteristics of the genus, description of a new species, L. koreana Kim & Shimizu sp. nov. and redescription of another species, L. brevipennis hitherto known from Southeast Asia and Japan, are presented. The biogeographical distribution of the genus is discussed. Cryptosalius Turner, 1917 (type species: Pseudagenia rava Bingham, 1896; in part) and Dinagenia Banks, 1934 (type species: D. apollo Banks, 1934) are synonymized with Lissocnemis and the following new combinations are made: Lissocnemis tonkinensis (Turner, 1920) comb. nov. (= Cryptosalius tonkinensis Turner, 1920); Lissocnemis apollo (Banks, 1934) comb. nov. (= Dinagenia apollo Banks, 1934); and Lissocnemis satyrus (Banks, 1938) comb. nov. (= Dinagenia satyrus Banks, 1938). Lastly, L. satyrus (Banks, 1938) and L. nigricoxis Haupt, 1941 are rendered to be junior synonyms of L. apollo (Banks, 1934) comb. nov.
947:130–174
Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860), an ophiuroid previously believed to have a wide distribution in the eastern Pacific, has been found to have an unclear taxonomic identity. While considered a well-known species, recent studies have revealed that O. teres lacks a holotype and has vague boundaries with its congeners Ophioderma teres unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 and Ophioderma sodipallaresi Caso, 1986, as well as with two additional new morphotypes detected in Mexico and Nicaragua, causing continuous misidentifications. This study utilized an integrative taxonomy approach based on morphologic, morphometric, and molecular evidence to clarify the taxonomic status of O. teres, O. sodipallaresi, O. teres unicolor, and the two new morphotypes. Data integration led to the following results: 1) the neotype designation and redescription of O. teres; 2) the proposal of O. sodipallaresi as a junior synonym of O. teres; 3) the status change of O. unicolor stat. nov. from subspecies to species, and 4) the description of the morphotypes as the new species Ophioderma aija sp. nov. and Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. An identification key to the eastern Pacific species of Ophioderma was also developed. This work contributes to the knowledge of Ophioderma in the region, increasing the number of described species and providing resources for their accurate identification.
947:53-87
The monophyly of Theraphosinae is supported by both morphological and molecular phylogenies. However, intergeneric relationships often show polytomies and branches with low support. A previous phylogenetic study proposed an intergeneric relationship for the subfamily based on molecular data and divided it into three tribes: Grammostolini, Hapalopini and Theraphosini. However, not all genera of Theraphosinae were sampled, and some relationships were inferred based on morphological similarities. Regarding the Hapalopini from Brazil, the relationships of some genera are still uncertain, such as Kochiana, Catanduba, and Munduruku. In this paper, we describe four new species of Hapalopini from Brazil: Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., Hapalopus akroa sp. nov., H. guidonae sp. nov., and K. fukushimae sp. nov. In addition, we propose an updated diagnosis for these three genera and for the species K. brunnipes and M. bicoloratum.