Archive for Bryology
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177
087
Rhynchostegium rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. a été récolté (herbier AU N° 8878) le 21/5/2011 à La Rolle, Forêt Domaniale de Guebwiller, parcelle 64, Lautenbachzell, Haut-Rhin, à une altitude de 825 m (Coord. Lambert 2 étendu : x = 954 632; y = 2 335 811). Le petit tapis formé par cette pleurocarpe à ramifications entrelacées s’étendait sur 30 cm² sur un bloc de grauwacke affleurant le sol à l’ombre d’une mégaphorbiée nitratophile (Chenopodium bonus-henricus L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Urtica dioica L. etc.).
117
Im Untersuchungsgebiet „Rußigmühle“ im Nationalpark „Sächsische Schweiz“ wurden drei freistehende Laubbäume mit Hilfe der Seilklettertechnik auf ihre Epiphytenflora untersucht. Von den insgesamt 44 Epiphyten (24 Flechten und 20 Moose) konnten mit der klassischen Kartiermethode bis 2 Meter Reichhöhe nur 28 Arten (64%) nachgewiesen werden, 16 Arten (36%) fanden sich ausschließlich im höheren Stammbereich und Kronenraum. Eine zeitgleich durchgeführte klassische Kartierung des ca. 0,5 ha großen Untersuchungsgebietes zeigte, dass der Großteil dieser Kronenepiphyten an anderen Gehölzen in Reichhöhe wuchs bzw. auf herabgefallenem Bruchholz nachgewiesen werden konnte. Der Nachweis der Flechten Evernia prunastri und Phaeophyscia orbicularis und des Mooses Ptilidium pulcherrimum im Untersuchungsgebiet gelang ausschließlich durch die Kronenkartierung.
017
Im November 2006 wurden im Rahmen von Epiphytendauerbeobachtungen in der Haardt nördlich von Recklinghausen (NRW, Ruhrgebiet) an Buchen Dicranum tauricum-Polster gefunden, die eigenartige Auswüchse an den Blattspitzen zeigen. Bei näherem Betrachten entpuppen sich diese als einzellreihige, verzweigte Brutkörper, die an den stumpfen Enden solcher Blätter gebildet werden, deren Spitzen zuvor abgebrochen sind.
061
This catalogue includes a total of 150 valid names from the State of Himachal Pradesh, India, of them 140 taxa (128 species, 6 subspecies, 5 varieties and 1 forma) belonging to liverworts and 10 species to hornworts, based on literature and authors’ own survey and documentation of the two groups from the State since 2001. Fifty four taxa (including three new species and one new variety) are recently added by the authors alone to the area. Literature reference for each species and synonyms from the area has been given with their correct name in the catalogue.
149
A catalogue of 107 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 8 species of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), recorded from Assam, India is presented. This includes three new records for India viz., Cololejeunea denticulata (Horik.) S. Hatt., C. inflata Steph., Plagiochila furcifolia Mitt., and three species viz., Cololejeunea desciscens Steph. Colura ari (Steph.) Steph., Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) Schiffn. new to mainland. Twelve species are new record for Eastern Himalayan bryo-geographical territory, 20 species as new to Assam and seven species are endemic to Indian regions.
192
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and phenolic compounds of a liverwort, Reboulia hemispherica was carried out by Agar well diffusion technique. The Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than the Gram negative ones, while the fungal species were least sensitive. R. hemispherica extract exhibited best results against Staphylococcus aureus, although it was active against all tested microbes. The antimicrobial activity increased with the increase in the concentration of the extract except in Klebsiella sp. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Bacillus cereus were inhibited more by the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica than the phenolic compounds isolated from the extract. A. niger was inhibited equally by the crude methanol extract as well as the phenolic compounds. B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. sp. and P. notatum were inhibited more by phenolic compounds than the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica. Thus phenolic compounds of R. hemispherica should be studied further for use as antimicrobial agent.
107
Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash., monotypic Indian liverwort, belonging to Division Marchantiophyta, Class Marchantiopsida, Order Marchantiales and Family Exormothecaceae was initially instituted by Kashyap in 1914, when he collected it for the first time from Mussorrie and later on collected it from other parts of Western Himalayas, such as Kulu and Dulchi pass at an altitude of 2,000 to 2,400m (Kashyap, 1929). Later collections were made from different parts of Western Himalaya by various bryologists like Kanwal (1977), Srivastava (1983), Pant (1983), Pant and Tiwari (1995).Udar et al. (1983) in an attempt to assess reasons for disappearance of this prestigious hepatic undertook studies on its detailed reproductive biology. However, Pant (1983) attributed fast increasing urbanization as the main cause for the disappearance of this liverwort from Nainital area of Western Himalayas. This liverwort was considered to be endemic to Western Himalayas only (IUCN, 2000). Tan et al. 1994a, while compiling first ever red list of bryophytes included 50 species (24 mosses, 25 liverworts and 1 hornwort). Subsequently, the list included another 41 taxa, including S. brevipedunculata, thus increasing the number of most endangered bryophyte species worldwide to 91 (Geissler et al. 1997).
121
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are the most basal lineages among extant land plants. However, there is controversy regarding their monophyletic or paraphyletic origin. Moreover, the most basal group of bryophytes also remains questionable. Due to this it is a matter of debate which lineage of bryophytes acts as transition link between bryophytes and pteridophytes. In order to resolve these issues we conducted a bioinformatics analysis on available chloroplast genomes of 1 green alga, 5 bryophytes, 4 pteridophytes, and 6 gymnosperms. Our study is based on multiple genome analysis through whole proteome comparison. The higher number of orthologous identified in Anthoceros (a hornwort), in comparison to other bryophytes considered, against all pteridophytes strongly support hornworts as transition link between bryophytes and pteridophytes.
146
The determination of complete DNA sequence of mitochondrial genome of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, opens the way to study the structure and organization of mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes. Since then several studies to sequence mitochondrial genomes of various plant groups have been made. Consequently 71 mitochondrial genomes (as on September 28, 2012) of Viridiplantae are available in organelle genome resources database at National Center for Biotechnology Information. Among these mitochondrial genomes the lineage sampling of bryophytes are poorly represented with only three liverworts, two mosses and two hornworts. The present review deals with features of sequenced mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes.