Archive for Bryology
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149
A catalogue of 107 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 8 species of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), recorded from Assam, India is presented. This includes three new records for India viz., Cololejeunea denticulata (Horik.) S. Hatt., C. inflata Steph., Plagiochila furcifolia Mitt., and three species viz., Cololejeunea desciscens Steph. Colura ari (Steph.) Steph., Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) Schiffn. new to mainland. Twelve species are new record for Eastern Himalayan bryo-geographical territory, 20 species as new to Assam and seven species are endemic to Indian regions.
121
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are the most basal lineages among extant land plants. However, there is controversy regarding their monophyletic or paraphyletic origin. Moreover, the most basal group of bryophytes also remains questionable. Due to this it is a matter of debate which lineage of bryophytes acts as transition link between bryophytes and pteridophytes. In order to resolve these issues we conducted a bioinformatics analysis on available chloroplast genomes of 1 green alga, 5 bryophytes, 4 pteridophytes, and 6 gymnosperms. Our study is based on multiple genome analysis through whole proteome comparison. The higher number of orthologous identified in Anthoceros (a hornwort), in comparison to other bryophytes considered, against all pteridophytes strongly support hornworts as transition link between bryophytes and pteridophytes.
146
The determination of complete DNA sequence of mitochondrial genome of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, opens the way to study the structure and organization of mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes. Since then several studies to sequence mitochondrial genomes of various plant groups have been made. Consequently 71 mitochondrial genomes (as on September 28, 2012) of Viridiplantae are available in organelle genome resources database at National Center for Biotechnology Information. Among these mitochondrial genomes the lineage sampling of bryophytes are poorly represented with only three liverworts, two mosses and two hornworts. The present review deals with features of sequenced mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes.
143
Since the availability of first complete DNA sequence of chloroplast genome of Marchantia polymorpha several studies to determine the structure and organization of chloroplast genomes of various plant groups have been made. However the lineage sampling of bryophytes are poorly represented in complete chloroplast genome sequences (only three liverworts, two mosses and one hornwort). This review presents features of sequenced chloroplast genomes of bryophytes.
142
Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) hold the basal most position among extant land plants. The present study deals with comparative analysis of available mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes using bioinformatics tools. These mitochondrial genomes belong to 2 liverworts, 1 moss and 2 hornworts. The analysis is based on multiple genome analysis through whole proteome comparison to detect conservation between mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes.
145
District Rajouri harbours a rich floral and faunal diversity besides varying climatic zones namely sub-tropical, temperate and alpine. The region exhibit significant altitudinal variations ranging from 490 m. to 4700 m. The present study was conducted to report bryophytic elements of the study area as there is no previous work done on this aspect from the study area, except some stray references. A total of 44 bryophyte species belonging to 4 orders, 16 families and 21 genera were reported from the study area. A checklist of the reported plant species with family, distributional range and habitat is presented in the paper. Besides contributing to the regional and national biodiversity check list database, the present study has opened up a new window for the future studies on the various aspects of the reported taxa including extensive exploration for the updation of the present list and to study the conservational aspects of the disappearing bryoflora of the region.
135
Moose spielen in Nahrungsketten meist nur eine kleine Rolle und nur wenige Tiergruppen treten bei Moosen als Herbivore auf. Im Winter 2009 konnten Pilzmücken (Mycetophilidae) bei der Aufnahme von Sporenpulver an Buxbaumia aphylla beobachtet werden. Mehrere adulte Individuen saßen an von Schnecken geöffneten Kapseln und nahmen grünes Sporenpulver auf. Während es bekannt ist, dass Schnecken als Konsument an Sporophyten auftreten, ist dies für adulte Pilzmücken neu. Möglicherweise profitieren Moosarten wie Buxbaumia durch diese Herbivorie, da hier auch eine zoochore Ausbreitung von Sporen durch Pilzmücken zu Stande kommen kann.
133
Im untersuchten Waldgebiet in der Östlichen Untermainebene konnten aktuelle Vorkommen von 227 Arten und Varietäten von Laub- und Lebermoosen aufgefunden werden. Zygodon conoideus wurde zum ersten Mal für Hessen nachgewiesen, Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus nach langer Zeit wiederbestätigt. Beachtenswert sind zudem die Nachweise von Amblystegium radicale, Amblystegium subtile, Anomodon longifolius, Aphanorrhegma patens, Cryphaea heteromalla, Dicranum flagellare (c.spg.), Dicranum viride, Dicranum spurium, Distichium capillaceum, Eurhynchium pumilum, Fissidens exiguus, Fissidens gymnandrus, Gymnostomum viridulum, Metzgeria temperata, Mnium lycopodioides, Neckera pennata, Pallavicinia lyellii, Plagiothecium latebricola, Zygodon rupestris und Zygodon viridissimus. Weitere 34 Arten, anhand von Literaturangaben und (wenigen vorhandenen) Herbarbelegen ermittelt, werden aufgeführt. Die Vorkommen der meisten dieser Arten sind im Gebiet wahrscheinlich schon lange erloschen (Bryum torquescens, Bryum uliginosum, Diphyscium foliosum, Fissidens osmundoides, Frullania tamarisci, Ricciocarpos natans, Splachnum ampullaceum, Ulota coarctata u. a.). Der unzureichende Schutz der Erlen- und Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder wird bemängelt.
152
137
L’Herbier de Strasbourg rassemble plusieurs dizaines de milliers de spécimens de Bryophytes dont la collection Nees von Esenbeck. A partir du "Lexikon deutschsprachiger Bryologen“ de J.P. Frahm et J. Eggers (2001) la liste de 199 bryologues ayant déposé des spécimens à Strasbourg (STR) est présentée, associée à une courte biographie et à l’origine géographique des récoltes botaniques.