Archive for Bryology
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171
Combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences showed paraphyly of bryophytes
(2013)
The present study was conducted using chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to gain insight on evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of both organelle genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences infer paraphyly of bryophytes.
170
The present contribution revealed the occurrence of Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson belonging to family Hypnaceae (Bryopsida) for the first time in Munsiyari region of Uttarakhand state, which is a new addition to the bryoflora of Western Himalayas. Earlier this species was known only from eastern Himalayas (Nepal).
168
The present study is a compilation of moss flora of Western Himalayas (India). This compilation listed 745 species of mosses, belonging to 19 orders; 55 families and 230 genera. Out of these 17 species have been reported endemic from Western Himalayas. 196 species have been synonymized and status of 86 species is still doubtful i.e. unresolved name. At present out of 745 only 463 species are validly known from this mountain range of India
166
Barail Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) lies amidst the tropical forests of the state Assam, India between the coordinates 24o58' – 25o5' North latitudes and 92o46' – 92o52' East longitudes. It covers an area of about 326.24 sq. km. with the altitude ranging from 100 – 1850 m. An ongoing study on the group Marchantiophyta (liverworts, bryophyta) of BWS reveals the presence of 42 species belonging to 24 genera and 14 families. Among these, one genus (Conocephalum Hill) and 13 species are recorded as new for the state of Assam, eight species have been found which are endemic to India, seven species are recorded as rare and one species, Heteroscyphus pandei S.C. Srivast. & Abha Srivast. as threatened within the study area. Out of 24 genera identified, 46% have been found growing purely as terrestrials, 25% as purely epiphytes and 29% have been found to grow both as terrestrials as well as epiphytes. Among these, a diverse and interesting range of microhabitats have also been observed for each taxon. It has been found that genera having vast range of microhabitats comprise large percentage of the total liverwort flora of BWS.
165
The present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to infer evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. Paraphyly of bryophytes was shown by reconstructed trees. Liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants in nucleotide based trees. However protein sequences based tree show mosses and liverworts to form a joint clade. Hornworts formed sister relationship with vascular plants.
164
Fontinalis antipyretica var. mollis is recorded for Spain, which differs by orbicular, not keeled leaves. The presence in the same tufts together with var. antiypretica reveals that it is a somatic mutant of the latter. A form of Pellia epiphylla was observed which has wide thallus margins of unistratose cells resembling those of Aneura maxima. A Campylopus was collected resembling C. flexuosus but with ventral stereids in transverse section of the costa. It is described as C. flexuosus var. anomalus. An (unsuccessful) attempt has been made to find the locality in which P. Allorge found Campylopus setifolius for the only time in the Iberian Peninsula. The bryophilous fungus Octosporella jungermanniarum is reported as new to Spain. Dicranodontium didymodon, known before from the Himalaya and western China, is reported as new to Europe.
163
The availability of organelle genome sequences in public databases facilitates the reconstruction of land plants phylogeny. Therefore the present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using chloroplast genome sequences of plants to study phylogenetic relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of organelle genome sequences in database. Inferred tree topologies showed paraphyly of bryophytes with sister relationship between hornworts and vascular plants irrespective of the method (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) and type of sequences (Nucleotide and Protein) used. Among bryophytes liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants. Moreover land plants formed a monophyletic group.
162
Allelopathic effect of Stichococcus bacillaris Nageli (Green Alga) on the growth of two bryophytes
(2013)
Stichococcus bacillaris (Green Alga) growth was observed as a contaminant on two taxa of bryophytes, a thalloid liverwort Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. ex. Lindb. and a hornwort Folioceros physocladus Bharad. ex Schiffn. et Pande, growing on soil in pots in acclimatization chamber of Moss House at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Due to this algal contamination, suppression of growth of these bryophytes has been observed. It was evident that succession of Stichococcus bacillaris and its interaction with bryophytes played a significant role of allelopathy.
161
The present contribution is an enumerated account of mosses of Munsyari (Pithoragarh), Western Himalayas. The study revealed the presence 8 orders, 20 families, 32 genera and 44 species in the area. Moss species viz. Anoectangium walkeri Broth., Actinothuidium hookeri (Mitt.) Broth. Stereophyllum ligulatum Jaeg., Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Fŭrnr., Hageniells assamica Dixon, Schoenobryum cocavifolia (Griff.) Gang., Entodon luteonitens Ren. et Card. and Physcomitrium pulchellum (Grif.) Mitt. are reported for the first time from Munsiyari hills as well as western Himalayas as welcome additions to the bryoflora of Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya).
159
Eight specimens of bryophytes from Baltic amber are described and illustrated, five mosses and three hepatics. The genus Grimmia as well as Brothera leana are reported for the first time as fossils. The mosses Ctenidium capillifolium, Atrichum groehnii and Hypnodontopsis fossilis as well as the hepatics Cylindrocolea dimorpha and Scapania hoffeinsiana are reported repeatedly. The hepatic Spruceanthus polonicus is recorded the second time and photographs are presented for the first time. In addition, a haplolepideous moss capsule as well as a unknown apparently pleurocarpous moss are illustrated.