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Experten des Gesundheitswesens fordern den "mündigen Patienten": Er soll sich über medizinische Entwicklungen auf dem Laufenden halten und im Krankheitsfall selbst aktiv Informationen einholen. Printmedien, Fernsehen und Internet haben in den vergangenen Jahren ihr Informationsangebot erheblich ausgeweitet und versuchen, medizinische Themen laiengerecht zu vermitteln. Welche sozialen und kulturellen Kompetenzen benötigt man, um als "mündiger Patient" agieren zu können? Ein Projekt des Instituts für Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie, das als didaktisches Modell "Forschenden Lernens" gemeinsam mit Studierenden durchgeführt wurde, untersuchte, wie Laien Zugang zu medizinischem Wissen suchen und wie sie sich diese Informationen aneignen.
Trata-se de analisar os usos da racionalidade mimética em Jacques Lacan e Theodor Adorno, isto a fim de mostrar como, nos dois casos, encontramos uma estratégia de reflexão sobre a mimesis que a eleva à condição de elemento fundamental para uma teoria do reconhecimento que não se esgote na temática da intersubjetividade. Neste sentido, este estudo insere-se em uma pesquisa mais ampla a respeito dos modos de aproximação entre psicanálise lacaniana e Escola de Frankfurt no que diz respeito ao problema dos destinos da categoria de sujeito e dos processos de reconhecimento.
Aims: This paper is a review of the literature on problem-related drinking of alcohol among medical doctors, and it deals with the epidemiology and results. Methods: A search of computer literature databases - PubMed and ETOH - was performed to locate articles reporting problem-related drinking among doctors, using population-based samples of doctors within the last two decades. Results: In the light of different definitions of problem-related drinking, there was found a breadth of prevalence of problem-related drinking - from heavy drinking and hazardous drinking (12%-16%) to misuse and dependence (6%-8%) - within the population-based samples of doctors. An increased risk was positively related to male doctors and doctors of the age of 40-45 years and older, and to some factors of work, lifestyle and health. Conclusion: For the future, it seems necessary to sensitise the research for problem-related drinking of doctors in Germany, e.g. initiating a representative survey, analysing the drinking of alcohol in the context of health, life-style and work-related factors.
Elderly people still play a minor role in research on information needs and usage patterns of Internet users. Online research and advocacy groups look optimistically at the (economic and social) potential of the active and technology–skilled elderly; other approaches dealing with the social appropriation of technology see obstacles and stress the dangers of an increasing digital divide between generations. Our objective is to refer to taken for granted normative assumptions of the digital divide discourse, highlighting different requirements for the appropriation of the Internet. Using the concept of technological generations we look at formal and informal learning of young and elderly people in the German context. We use survey material and field impressions we gained in various technology related studies. The results show that the "two worlds apart" assumption (young vs. elderly people) is too simplistic. Factors like gender, education and socio–economic status still play an important role for acceptance and diffusion of a technology. The diffusion rate among the elderly is increasing, but will continue to lag behind the figures of the young users. Cultural preparations and easy access modes are essential for the elderly, who could make use of latecomer advantages. Informal learning and peer group support will be crucial for the diffusion of the Internet among the elderly. In our conclusions we look at the specific social status of the elderly cohort, which makes a comparison with other social groups very difficult.
Von der "Gesellschaft" zur "Vergesellschaftung" : zur deutschen Tradition des Gesellschaftsbegriffs
(2005)
Der Begriff der "Weltgesellschaft" hat in den letzten Jahren im Zusammenhang mit der Globalisierungsdebatte eine bemerkenswerte Renaissance erfahren. Mit ihm kommen wieder unterschiedliche nationale Traditionen des Gesellschaftsbegriffs in den Blick, wie sie seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts die Geschichte der Soziologie prägen. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der Versuch unternommen, die deutsche Tradition des Gesellschaftsbegriffs ausgehend von der Aufklärungsphilosophie Immanuel Kants und der ihr zugrunde liegenden Vision einer "Weltbürgergesellschaft" bis hin zu den soziologischen Klassikern Ferdinand Tönnies, Georg Simmel und Max Weber zu rekonstruieren. Es wird dabei zum einen der Versuch gemacht, die weltgesellschaftlichen Implikationen zu verdeutlichen, die innerhalb dieser Tradition des Gesellschaftsbegriffs zum Ausdruck kommen. Zum anderen werden die Gründe benannt, die Simmel und Weber dazu veranlaßt haben, den Begriff der "Gesellschaft" durch den der "Vergesellschaftung" zu ersetzen und das mit diesem ursprünglich verbundene Konstrukt einer autonomen Gesellschaftsgeschichte schließlich ganz zugunsten einer höchst anspruchsvollen Version von Universalgeschichte aufzugeben.
I propose that the rising number of dualearner couples in the United States impacts the trend toward declining residential mobility and rising commute times. I describe these mobility trends in the United States, first relocation trends and then daily commuting trends. My research views the commute as the bridge in time and space between home and work that a) reflects couples' negotiation of preferences, relative job importance, barriers, and opportunities; b) has consequences for family functioning, c) reflects gender differences in the ways time and place are organized, and d) varies across the life course, by race, class, and region. I describe differences in family type and family functioning based on the commuting pattern and suggest a course of future comparative research that may improve awareness of how families and couples handle labor market demands, what structures shape the picture of couples mobility, and how nation-specific circumstances orient couples toward certain kinds of mobility and away from others.
A crítica de Adorno a posições idealistas acentua que o sujeito, como portador da vontade livre, é sempre mediado social e historicamente. Segundo Adorno, a vontade é razão, mas não somente razão. Junto com ela deve ser sempre usado um “impulso anterior-ao-sentido-do-eu”. Ao final, será apresentada a crítica de Adorno do ideal social de uma vontade forte.