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The Mind of Africa
(2015)
William Abraham studied Philosophy at the University of Ghana, and even more Philosophy at Oxford University. Thereafter, he gained permission to take part in the competitive examination and interview for a fellowship at All Souls' College. The examination was once described, with some exaggeration, as 'the hardest exam in the world!' It included a three-hour essay. Following his success in becoming the first African fellow of All Souls, his interest in African politics quickly developed into a Pan-African perspective. The Mind of Africa, written while he was still at All Souls, was a fruit of that enlarged perspective. After several years as a Fellow, he had occasion to visit Ghana in 1962. There Kwame Nkrumah, then President of Ghana, successfully persuaded him to return to Ghana to teach at the University of Ghana, Legon and he subsequently resigned from All Souls. In 1968, he went to the United States as a visiting professor. This was followed by invitations to teach at various academic institutions there, including Berkeley and Stanford. He subsequently settled in California, where he continued to teach and research philosophy in the University of California at Santa Cruz until his retirement. ...The Mind of Africa appeared at a time when a number of African countries were obtaining, or fighting for, their political freedom from their colonial rulers and becoming independent nations and expecting to build new societies in accordance with their own visions and conceptions, though not necessarily jettisoning all the features of their colonial heritage. Building new societies requires appropriate ideologies and philosophies fashioned within the crucible of their cultural and historical experiences. Thus, the relation between ideology and society is taken up at the very outset of the book... The Mind of Africa is important for Africa's future and identity.
This regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story.
This essay analyzes the semantics of fog in the context of neoliberal austerity in Portugal. Drawing on portraits of young Portuguese in the style of vignettes, the essay historicizes the political and epistemological uses of fog as a medium. Attending to the materiality of fog - a blurring through which visibility occurs - the argument unearths the logical structure of recurrence in and as crisis as it affects the powers of decision-making. The goal is to push the limits of this recurring structure into the present, in order to better expose how two seemingly opposite historical eras - authoritarianism and neoliberalism - share, in fact, the enduring structure of potentiation in language and governance.
The following article attempts to clarify the ambivalent relationship that Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse developed with the vitalist and phenomenological tendencies that permeated philosophy and the social sciences during the Weimar Republic. More precisely, it traces how both thinkers, in spite of acknowledging the “truth moment” contained in the criticism that the philosophical exponents of both movements (Husserl, Bergson, Dilthey) developed of 19th century positivism, also recognized in its shallow popularization the advancement of a dangerous philosophical irrationalism, suspicious of science and Enlightenment values, that would soon become an accomplice to the rise of fascism.
This study analyzes storyline structure in three Hausa home videos; Mai Kudi (The Rich Man), Sanafahna (with time truth shall dawn) and Albashi (Salary). The study measures storyline structure in these films against a Hollywood film industry model of story writing “the Hero's Journey”. It uses narrative analysis as its analytical tool, and narrative theory as its framework. After analyzing these videos, the study found that the major elements of storyline structure in Vogler's model formed the framework of the storyline structure in Hausa home videos analyzed. However, in spite of the preponderance of these elements within the storyline structure, there are significant variations to Vogler's model. Specifically, Vogler's model has some twelve stages spread on the universal structure of storytelling, i.e. beginning, middle and end. Few of these stages were found to exist in Hausa narrative structure, perhaps due to cultural differences between Western, Indian and Hausa cultures. The study therefore recommends screenwriters and producers to be aware of the existence of standard models of scriptwriting. It also recommends more training for script writers in the Hausa film industry.
Interactional niche in the development of geometrical and spatial thinking in the familial context
(2016)
In the analysis of mathematics education in early childhood it is necessary to consider the familial context, which has a significant influence on development in early childhood. Many reputable international research studies emphasize that the more children experience mathematical situations in their families, the more different emerging forms of participation occur for the children that enable them to learn mathematics in the early years. In this sense mathematical activities in the familial context are cornerstones of children’s mathematical development, which is also affected by the ethnic, cultural, educational and linguistic features of their families. Germany has a population of approximately 82 million, about 7.2 million of whom are immigrants (Statisches Bundesamt 2009, pp.28-32). Children in immigrant families grow up with multiculturalism and multilingualism, therefore these children are categorized as a risk group in Germany. “Early Steps in Mathematics Learning – Family Study” (erStMaL-FaSt) is the one of the first familial studies in Germany to deal with the impact of familial socialization on mathematics learning. The study enables us to observe children from different ethnic groups with their family members in different mathematical play situations. The family study (erStMaL-FaSt) is empirically performed within the framework of the erStMaL (Early Steps in Mathematics Learning) project, which relates to the investigation of longitudinal mathematical cognitive development in preschool and early primary-school ages from a socio-constructivist perspective. This study uses two selected mathematical domains, Geometry and Measurement, and four play situations within these two mathematical domains.
My PhD study is situated in erStMaL-FaSt. Therefore, in the beginning of this first chapter, I briefly touch upon IDeA Centre and the erStMaL project and then elaborate on erStMaL-FaSt. As parts of my research concepts, I specify two themes of erStMaL-FaSt: family and play. Thereafter I elaborate upon my research interest. The aim of my study is the research and development of theoretical insights in the functioning of familial interactions for the formation of geometrical (spatial) thinking and learning of children of Turkish ethnic background. Therefore, still in Chapter 1, I present some background on the Turkish people who live in Germany and the spatial development of the children.
This study is designed as a longitudinal study and constructed from interactionist and socio-constructivist perspectives. From a socio-constructivist perspective the cognitive development of an individual is constitutively bound to the participation of this individual in a variety of social interactions. In this regard the presence of each family member provides the child with some “learning opportunities” that are embedded in the interactive process of negotiation of meaning about mathematical play. During the interaction of such various mathematical learning situations, there occur different emerging forms of participation and support. For the purpose of analysing the spatial development of a child in interaction processes in play situations with family members, various statuses of participation are constructed and theoretically described in terms of the concept of the “interactional niche in the development of mathematical thinking in the familial context” (NMT-Family) (Acar & Krummheuer, 2011), which is adapted to the special needs of familial interaction processes. The concept of the “interactional niche in the development of mathematical thinking” (NMT) consists of the “learning offerings” provided by a group or society, which are specific to their culture and are categorized as aspects of “allocation”, and of the situationally emerging performance occurring in the process of meaning negotiation, both of which are subsumed under the aspect of the “situation”, and of the individual contribution of the particular child, which constitutes the aspect of “child’s contribution” (Krummheuer 2011a, 2011b, 2012, 2014; Krummheuer & Schütte 2014). Thereby NMT-Family is constructed as a subconcept of NMT, which offers the advantage of closer analyses and comparisons between familial mathematical learning occasions in early childhood and primary school ages.
Within the scope of NMT-Family, a “mathematics learning support system” (MLSS) is an interactional system which may emerge between the child and the family members in the course of the interaction process of concrete situations in play (Krummheuer & Acar Bayraktar, 2011). All these topics are addressed in Chapter 2 as theoretical approaches and in Chapter 3 as the research method of this study. In Chapter 4 the data collection and analysis is clarified in respect of these approaches...
In der Dissertation werden mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory Methodologie Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen von Museumsangeboten für Menschen mit Demenz erforscht.Die Arbeit versteht sich als erziehungswissenschaftlich-gerontologisch und nimmt dabei die Perspektive einer kritischen Kunst- und Kulturvermittlung ein.
Daddy-long-leg giants: revision of the spider genus Artema Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Pholcidae)
(2017)
This is the first revision of Artema Walckenaer, 1837, a genus consisting of large and phylogenetically interesting species. Even though Artema is not species-rich (now eight nominal species), it has suffered from poor descriptions and synonymies. Our main goal was to gather all available material and to clarify species limits. Four species are easily distinguished from other congeners: Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837, the type species; A. kochi Kulczyński, 1901 (revalidated); A. bunkpurugu Huber & Kwapong, 2013; and A. nephilit sp. nov. All other species are problematic for varying reasons: species limits are unclear between A. doriae Thorell, 1881 and A. transcaspica Spassky, 1934; A. magna Roewer, 1960 and A. ziaretana (Roewer, 1960) are problematic because they are based on female and juvenile types respectively and little new material is available. The material available to us suggests the existence of a few further species; however, they are not formally described, either because of small sample sizes (Artema sp. a and A. sp. b are represented by only one specimen each) or because of unclear species limits (between Artema sp. c, A. transcaspica and A. doriae).This study is the first serious step towards understanding the genus. Intensive collecting effort is needed in order to fully clarify species limits.
Millions of Ghanaians live with diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancers and other major chronic diseases. Millions more are at risk of getting these conditions. Individuals living with chronic conditions experience many disruptions, especially at the early stages of diagnosis and adjustment. The disruptions are physical (medical complications), psychological (depression), material (impoverishment), social (stigma) and spiritual (struggles with faith and trust). These experiences have an impact on family life and resources, with primary caregivers bearing similar disruptions to their chronically ill loved ones. While chronic conditions cannot be cured, many individuals hope for a cure. This hope drives healthcare seeking across different sectors of Ghanas vibrant pluralistic health system. When hope for a cure meets claims to cure within the herbalist and faith healing sectors, especially, the outcomes for individuals and their families can be catastrophic. The Ghanaian situation is mirrored in many African countries. It is estimated that African chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates will rise faster than rates in Asia and Latin America over the coming decades. The long term and costly nature of NCDs has major implications for individuals, communities, health systems and governments. In this inaugural lecture, Professor Ama de-Graft Aikins discusses the psychology of chronic disease risk, experience and care in Africa. She makes a case for why the problem of NCDs needs to be examined through a psychological lens. She draws on her independent and collaborative work on diabetes representations and experiences among Ghanaians in Ghana and Europe, and the broader African and global health literature, to highlight the complex multi-level context of chronic disease risk, experience and care. She presents a synthesis of the evidence through the concepts of physical ills and ideological ills, arguing that both are interconnected and, as a result, must be addressed through interdisciplinary approaches. She concludes by offering practical solutions for reducing chronic disease risk and improving the quality of long-term experience and care in Ghana, using examples from countries that have implemented successful NCD interventions.
In this article, I analyse the street market in the Osnabrück city quarter of Schinkel as a multifunctional place and an important component in the physical as well as the imaginary construction of both the immediate surroundings and the environment on a global level. Schinkel is located in the east of the city and is known as being very diverse. It is home to 14,412 inhabitants, including Poles, Portuguese, Italians, Turks, Bulgarians, and people from various countries of the former USSR as well as Germans...