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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is currently classified into 8 genotypes and 86 subtypes. The objective of this study was to characterize novel HCV subtypes and to investigate the impact of subtypes on treatment outcome.
Methods: Full-genome sequencing was performed on HCV plasma samples with <85% sequence homology of NS3, NS5A, and/or NS5B to HCV genotype (GT) 1–8 reference strains.
Results: A total of 14 653 patients with GT1–6 HCV infection were enrolled in clinical studies of sofosbuvir-based regimens. For the majority of the patients, a specific subtype could be assigned based on a close genetic relationship to previously described subtypes. However, for 19 patients, novel subtypes were identified with <85% homology compared with previously described subtypes. These novel subtypes had the following genotypes: 9 in GT2, 5 in GT4, 2 in GT6, and 1 each in GT1, GT3, and GT5. Despite the presence of polymorphisms at resistance-associated substitution positions, 18 of the 19 patients treated with sofosbuvir-containing therapy achieved SVR12.
Conclusions: Nineteen novel HCV subtypes were identified, suggesting an even greater genetic diversity of HCV subtypes than previously recognized.
Background: Task switch protocols are frequently used in the assessment of cognitive control, both in clinical and non-clinical populations. These protocols frequently confound task switch and attentional set shift. The current study investigated the ability of adult ADHD patients to shift attentional set in the context of switching tasks.
Method: We tested 38 adults with ADHD and 39 control adults with an extensive diagnostic battery and a task switch protocol without proactive interference. The experiment combined orthogonally task-switch vs. repetition, and attentional set shift vs. no shift. Each experimental stimulus had global and local features (Hierarchical/"Navon" stimuli), associated with corresponding attentional sets.
Results: ADHD patients were slower than controls in task switch trials with a simultaneous shift of attention between global/local attentional sets. This also correlated significantly with diagnostic scales for ADHD symptoms. The patients had more variable reaction times, but when the attentional set was kept constant neither were they significantly slower nor showed higher task switch costs.
Conclusion: ADHD is associated with a deficit in flexible deployment of attention to varying sources of stimulus information.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant and often lifelong effects on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Influential neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to understanding variations in ADHD-related behaviors within the normal (i.e., clinically unaffected) adult population. In a large and representative sample, self-rated presence of ADHD symptoms varied widely; only eight out of 291 participants scored in the clinical range. Subject-specific brain-network graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data and revealed significant associations between (non-clinical) ADHD symptoms and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity. Effects were located in brain regions associated with multiple neuronal systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results are consistent with network perspectives of ADHD and provide further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions. More generally, our findings support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and contribute to a growing understanding of cognition as an emerging property of functional brain networks.
B-cell development and function depend on stage-specific signaling through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). Signaling and intracellular trafficking of the BCR are connected, but the molecular mechanisms of this link are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of the endosomal adaptor protein and member of the LAMTOR/Ragulator complex LAMTOR2 (p14) in B-cell development. Efficient conditional deletion of LAMTOR2 at the pre-B1 stage using mb1-Cre mice resulted in complete developmental arrest. Deletion of LAMTOR2 using Cd19-Cre mice permitted analysis of residual B cells at later developmental stages, revealing that LAMTOR2 was critical for the generation and activation of mature B lymphocytes. Loss of LAMTOR2 resulted in aberrant BCR signaling due to delayed receptor internalization and endosomal trafficking. In conclusion, we identify LAMTOR2 as critical regulator of BCR trafficking and signaling that is essential for early B-cell development in mice.
Short Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released during tissue/cell injury, contain a "barcode" indicating specific microRNAs (miRs) that can uncover their origin. We examined whether systemic EVs possessing hepatic miR-signatures would indicate ongoing liver injury and clinical complications in trauma patients (TP). We grouped the patients of alcoholic drinkers into "alcohol-drinkers with liver injury (LI)" (EtOH with LI) or "alcohol-drinkers without LI" (EtOH w/o LI) and we compared these groups to "non-drinkers" (no EtOH). When we examined patient blood from the EtOH with LI group we found the total number of EVs to be increased, along with an increase in miR-122 and let7f—two EV-associated miRNAs—and several inflammation-associating cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33. In contrast, all of the aforementioned readouts were found to be decreased in the EtOH w/o LI group. These novel data demonstrate that hepatocyte damage in alcohol-intoxicated trauma patients presenting with liver injury can be reflected by an increase in circulating serum EVs, their specific miR-"barcode" and the concomitant increase of systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-33. Anti-inflammatory effect of alcohol-drinking in EtOH w/o LI can be presented by a reduced number of hepato-derived EVs, no upregulation of IL-6 and IL-33, and a miR "barcode" different from patients presenting with liver injury.
Background: Alcohol abuse is associated with (neuro)protective effects related to (head) injuries, and with negative effects regarding infection rates and survival in severely injured trauma patients (TP). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are released during tissue and/or cell injury, can contain a "barcode" including specific microRNAs (miRs) that uncover their origin. We examined whether EVs with a hepatic miR signature can be systemically measured, and whether they can indicate ongoing liver injury in alcohol-intoxicated TP and foretell clinical complications.
Patients/Methods: We enrolled 35 TP and measured blood EVs, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10 and IL-33, alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) concentration (BAC), GLDH, GGT, AST, ALT, leukocytes, platelets, and bilirubin. Within circulating EVs we measured the expression levels of miR-122, let7f, miR21, miR29a, miR-155, and miR-146a. Patients of alcohol-drinkers were grouped into "alcohol drinkers with liver injury (LI)" (EtOH with LI) or "alcohol drinkers without LI" (EtOH w/o LI) and compared to "non-drinkers" (no EtOH). We assessed systemic injury characteristics and the outcome of hospitalization with regard to sepsis, septic shock, pneumonia, or mortality.
Results: EtOH with LI patients had significantly increased rates of pneumonia vs. the EtOH w/o LI group. EVs, IL-6, and IL-33 levels were significantly increased in EtOH with LI vs. EtOH w/o LI group (p < 0.05). EV number correlated positively with ALT and IL-6 (p < 0.0001). Two miRs, miR-122 and let7f, were increased only in the blood EVs from the EtOH with LI group (p < 0.05). Five miRs, miR-122, let7f, miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-146a, were reduced in the blood EVs from the EtOH w/o LI group, vs. no EtOH (p < 0.05). Notably miR-122 correlated significantly with increased bilirubin levels in the EtOH with LI group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Liver injury in alcohol-intoxicated TP is reflected by increased EV numbers, their specific miR barcode, and the correlated increase of systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-33. Interestingly, severely injured TP without liver injury were found to have a reduced number of liver-derived EVs, no observed inflammatory infiltration and reduced specific miR "barcode."
Aim: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by enzymes of the NADPH oxidase family serve as second messengers for cellular signaling. Processes such as differentiation and proliferation are regulated by NADPH oxidases. In the intestine, due to the exceedingly fast and constant renewal of the epithelium both processes have to be highly controlled and balanced. Nox1 is the major NADPH oxidase expressed in the gut, and its function is regulated by cytosolic subunits such as NoxO1. We hypothesize that the NoxO1-controlled activity of Nox1 contributes to a proper epithelial homeostasis and renewal in the gut.
Results: NoxO1 is highly expressed in the colon. Knockout of NoxO1 reduces the production of superoxide in colon crypts and is not subsidized by an elevated expression of its homolog p47phox. Knockout of NoxO1 increases the proliferative capacity and prevents apoptosis of colon epithelial cells. In mouse models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane/DSS induced colon cancer, NoxO1 has a protective role and may influence the population of natural killer cells.
Conclusion: NoxO1 affects colon epithelium homeostasis and prevents inflammation.
Objectives: Large-scale clinical studies investigating associations between intestinal microbiota signatures and human diseases usually rely on stool samples. However, the timing of repeated stool sample collection cannot be predefined in longitudinal settings. Rectal swabs, being straightforward to obtain, have the potential to overcome this drawback. Therefore, we assessed the usability of rectal swabs for microbiome sampling in a cohort of hematological and oncological patients.
Study design: We used a pipeline for intestinal microbiota analysis from deep rectal swabs which was established and validated with test samples and negative controls. Consecutively, a cohort of patients from hematology and oncology wards was established and weekly deep rectal swabs taken during their admissions and re-admissions.
Results: Validation of our newly developed pipeline for intestinal microbiota analysis from rectal swabs revealed consistent and reproducible results. Over a period of nine months, 418 rectal swabs were collected longitudinally from 41 patients. Adherence to the intended sampling protocol was 97%. After DNA extraction, sequencing, read pre-processing and filtering of chimeric sequences, 405 of 418 samples (96.9%) were eligible for further analyses. Follow-up samples and those taken under current antibiotic exposure showed a significant decrease in alpha diversity as compared to baseline samples. Microbial domination occurred most frequently by Enterococcaceae (99 samples, 24.4%) on family level and Enterococcus (90 samples, 22.2%) on genus level. Furthermore, we noticed a high abundance of potential skin commensals in 99 samples (24.4%).
Summary: Deep rectal swabs were shown to be reliable for microbiome sampling and analysis, with practical advantages related to high sampling adherence, easy timing, transport and storage. The relatively high abundance of putative skin commensals in this patient cohort may be of potential interest and should be further investigated. Generally, previous findings on alpha diversity dynamics obtained from stool samples were confirmed.
Tolerizing CTL by sustained hepatic PD-L1 expression provides a new therapy spproach in mouse sepsis
(2019)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation contributes to liver damage during sepsis, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Understanding the underlying principle will permit interference with CTL activation and thus, provide a new therapeutic option.
Methods: To elucidate the mechanism leading to CTL activation we used the Hepa1-6 cell line in vitro and the mouse model of in vivo polymicrobial sepsis, following cecal-ligation and -puncture (CLP) in wildtype, myeloid specific NOX-2, global NOX2 and NOX4 knockout mice, and their survival as a final readout. In this in vivo setting, we also determined hepatic mRNA and protein expression as well as clinical parameters of liver damage - aspartate- and alanine amino-transaminases. Hepatocyte specific overexpression of PD-L1 was achieved in vivo by adenoviral infection and transposon-based gene transfer using hydrodynamic injection.
Results: We observed downregulation of PD-L1 on hepatocytes in the murine sepsis model. Adenoviral and transposon-based gene transfer to restore PD-L1 expression, significantly improved survival and reduced the release of liver damage, as PD-L1 is a co-receptor that negatively regulates T cell function. Similar protection was observed during pharmacological intervention using recombinant PD-L1-Fc. N-acetylcysteine blocked the downregulation of PD-L1 suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species. This was confirmed in vivo, as we observed significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression in NOX4 knockout mice, following sham operation, whereas its expression in global as well as myeloid lineage NOX2 knockout mice was comparable to that in the wild type animals. PD-L1 expression remained high following CLP only in total NOX2 knockouts, resulting in significantly reduced release of liver damage markers.
Conclusion: These results suggest that, contrary to common assumption, maintaining PD-L1 expression on hepatocytes improves liver damage and survival of mice during sepsis. We conclude that administering recombinant PD-L1 or inhibiting NOX2 activity might offer a new therapeutic option in sepsis.
Site-specific cleavage of RNAs derived from the PIM1 3′-UTR by a metal-free artificial ribonuclease
(2019)
Oligonucleotide conjugates of tris(2-aminobenzimidazole) have been reported previously to cleave complementary RNA strands with high levels of sequence and site specificity. The RNA substrates used in these studies were oligonucleotides not longer than 29-mers. Here we show that ~150–400-mer model transcripts derived from the 3′-untranslated region of the PIM1 mRNA reacted with rates and specificities comparable to those of short oligonucleotide substrates. The replacement of DNA by DNA/LNA mixmers further increased the cleavage rate. Tris(2-aminobenzimidazoles) were designed to interact with phosphates and phosphate esters. A cell, however, contains large amounts of phosphorylated species that may cause competitive inhibition of RNA cleavage. It is thus important to note that no loss in reaction rates was observed in phosphate buffer. This opens the way to in-cell applications for this type of artificial nuclease. Furthermore, we disclose a new synthetic method giving access to tris(2-aminobenzimidazoles) in multigram amounts.
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) offers insight into massive short-term carbon cycle perturbations that caused significant warming during a high-pCO2 world, affecting both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. PETM records from the marine-terrestrial interface (e.g. estuarine swamps and mire deposits) are, therefore, of great interest as their present-day counterparts are highly vulnerable to future climate and sea level change. Here, we assess paleoenvironmental changes of mid-latitudinal Late Paleocene-Early Eocene peat mire records along the paleo-North Sea coast. We provide carbon isotope data of bulk organic matter (δ13CTOC), organic carbon content (%TOC), and palynological data from an extensive peat mire deposited at a mid-latitudinal (ca. 41 °N) coastal site (Schöningen, Germany). The δ13CTOC data show a carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of −1.7 ‰ coeval with a conspicuous Apectodinium acme, calling for the presence of the PETM in this coastal section. Due to the exceptionally large stratigraphic thickness of the PETM at Schöningen (10 m of section) we established a detailed palynological record that indicates only minor changes in paleovegetation leading to and during the PETM. Instead, paleovegetation changes mostly follow natural successions in response to changes along the marine-terrestrial interface. Compared to other available peat mire records (Cobham, UK; Vasterival, France) it appears that wetland deposits around the Paleogene North Sea have a typical CIE magnitude of ca. −1.3 ‰ in δ13CTOC. Moreover, the Schöningen record shares major characteristics with the Cobham Lignite, including evidence for increased fire activity prior to the PETM, minor PETM-related plant species changes, a reduced CIE in δ13CTOC, and drowning of the mire (marine ingressions) during much of the PETM. This suggests that paleoenvironmental conditions during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, including the PETM, consistently affected major segments of the paleo-North Sea coast.
"Ich glaub immer noch, daß ich im Stand sein werde, mir meine Welt in die Welt hineinzubauen." Diese Äußerung aus einem Brief Hugo von Hofmannsthals vom 15. Mai 1895 an Richard Beer-Hofmann kann zugleich als Aussage über die Funktion gedeutet werden, die Briefe für den Autor besitzen: Es geht um die Etablierung, das Herstellen einer eigenen Welt, eines dem eigenen Ich völlig angemessenen Raums, der dennoch Teil der realen Welt ist. Dass es sich dabei um eine spezifisch epistolare Funktion handelt, geht allein schon aus den medialen Voraussetzungen der Gattung 'Brief' hervor. Briefe ermöglichen zwar die persönliche Kommunikation zwischen Absender und Adressat; anders als in der mündlichen Kommunikation ist jedoch die Situation der Äußerung, des Schreibens, zeitlich und räumlich von der Situation des Empfangs, des Lesens, verschieden - das Distanz-Medium Schrift setzt die Abwesenheit des Adressaten voraus. Die Briefkommunikation erlaubt dem Autor daher, ganz 'bei sich' zu bleiben und doch zugleich den Kontakt mit der Aussenwelt zu wahren.
Adolf Muschgs "Kinderhochzeit" liegt wie ein unübersichtliches Gebirgsmassiv im literarischen Gelände. Der Roman ist ein Alterswerk und zugleich die Eröffnung eines völlig neuen Kapitels; die Summe einer vieljährigen Autorschaft, und doch ungleich mehr als die verbreiterte Strömung seiner erprobten Erzählkunst. Sie bewährt sich auch hier, aber indem sie sich abarbeitet an einem widerständigen, in seinen Elementen auseinanderstrebenden, hoch brisanten und aktuellen Stoff. Muschg schmilzt Geschichte und Geistesgeschichte längst vergangener Jahrhunderte in Biographien und Erfahrungswelten ein, die sich zwischen Hitlerherrschaft und globalisierter Gegenwart erstrecken. Ein dichtes, zuweilen angestrengtes Spiel der Verweisungen bis in entlegene Bildungsstoffe und ins eigene frühere Werk durchzieht den Text, der sich einer Fülle epischer Darstellungsmöglichkeiten bedient.
1978/79 fertigt der englische Bildhauer Richard Deacon eine Serie von Graphiken unter dem Titel "It's Orpheus When There's Singing". Das Zitat entstammt einer englischsprachigen Übersetzung des im Februar 1922 verfassten Gedichtzyklus "Die Sonette an Orpheus" von Rainer Maria Rilke. Wie für diesen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts die Begegnung mit dem bildnerischen Schaffen Auguste Rodins, so markierte die Lektüre von Rilkes Sonetten für Richard Deacon einen entscheidenden Wendepunkt in der eigenen werkbiographischen Entwicklung. Bei der (Neu-)Formulierung seines künstlerischen Selbstverständnisses bezieht sich Deacon mit Rilke auf den antiken Orpheus-Mythos von der die Körperschwellen und auch die Grenze von Leben und Tod, Beseeltem und Unbeseeltem überschreitenden Macht der Musik. Die transgressive und transformative Wirkkraft der Akustik, die der Mythos verbürgt, steht für zweierlei Entgrenzungsversuche Modell: für eine Entgrenzung der Künste, wie Rilkes Rodin-Rezeption und Deacons Rilke-Lektüre sie jeweils gezeitigt haben, und für eine diese erst bedingende Entgrenzung der Sinne, wie Rilke sie je schon als genuine Leistung der Wahrnehmung begriff und im Gedicht zu befördern strebte.
Die im Jahr 1925 erschienene "Traumnovelle" erfreut sich - nicht erst seit Stanley Kubricks Verfilmung "Eyes Wide Shut" (1999) - eines besonderen literaturwissenschaftlichen Interesses. Der Geschichte einer Beziehungskrise, die ein dem gehobenen Wiener Bürgertum angehörender junger Arzt und seine Ehefrau durchleben, wurde oft eine Sonderstellung in Schnitzlers OEuvre zugewiesen. In der Erzählung sah man das einzige Werk des Autors, in dem die Liebesbeziehung der Protagonisten - allen außerehelichen erotischen Versuchungen zum Trotz - am Ende doch aufrechterhalten, wenn nicht sogar auf eine höhere Ebene der Verständigung gehoben würde. Der für Schnitzler so untypische positive Ausgang der Erzählung erscheint in den Augen der Interpreten bereits mit einem wesentlichen Merkmal des formalen Aufbaus gegeben: mit dem Kompositionsprinzip der Symmetrie. Für William Rey etwa formieren sich die erotischen Erfahrungen von Mann und Frau in einer bipolaren Entsprechung, so dass es aus den Schuldgefühlen beider zu gegenseitiger Vergebung und Versöhnung komme.
Curcumin—a rhizomal phytochemical from the plant Curcuma longa—is well known to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce apoptosis in a broad range of cell lines. In previous studies we showed that combining low curcumin concentrations and subsequent ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) or VIS irradiation induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. There is still debate whether curcumin induces apoptosis via the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway. To address this question, we investigated in three epithelial cell lines (HaCaT, A431, A549) whether the death receptors CD95, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor I and II are involved in apoptosis induced by light and curcumin. Cells were incubated with 0.25–0.5 µg/mL curcumin followed by irradiation with 1 J/cm2 UVA. This treatment was combined with inhibitors specific for distinct membrane-bound death receptors. After 24 h apoptosis induction was monitored by quantitative determination of cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments. Validation of our test system showed that apoptosis induced by CH11 and TNF-α could be completely inhibited by their respective antagonists. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by curcumin/light treatment was reversed by none of the herein examined death receptor antagonists. These results indicate a mechanism of action independent from classical death receptors speaking for intrinsic activation of apoptosis. It could be speculated that a shift in cellular redox balance might prompt the pro-apoptotic processes
Über das Verhältnis von Literatur und Wirklichkeit ist unendlich viel geschrieben worden, die Überlegungen zum Begriff der Fiktion füllen Hunderte von Abhandlungen. Besonders schwierig wird es dort, wo es um lyrische Texte geht, bei denen nicht einmal sicher ist, ob und - wenn ja - in welchem Sinne sie denn überhaupt dem Bereich der Fiktion zuzurechnen sind. Bekanntlich haben sich nicht nur Literaturtheoretiker, sondern auch Autoren mit dieser Frage beschäftigt. Allerdings waren etwa Hugo von Hofmannsthal und Gottfried Benn, um die es hier gehen soll, wohl kaum an hochabstrakten Einsichten interessiert. Ihr Interesse galt eher dem Versuch, Erfahrungen in ausreichender Klarheit zu formulieren, die sie mit ihren eigenen Gedichten machten.
In einem Brief von 1894 schreibt Hofmannsthal an Leopold von Andrian von einem besonderen Zustand, in dem er die Einheit des Seins 'erlebt' und 'spürt'. Es heißt darin:
Ich erleb jetzt eine sonderbare Zeit: mein inneres Leben macht aus Menschen, Empfindungen, Gedanken und Büchern eine wirre Einheit, die Wurzeln aller dieser Dinge wachsen durcheinander wie bei Moos und Pilzen und man spürt auf einmal, daß die Scheidung von Geist und Sinnen, Geist und Herz, Denken und Tuen eine äußerliche und willkürliche ist. Πάντα ῥεĩ das citiert zwar schon der Herr Dehmel, aber richtig ist es doch.
Die einzelnen Dinge, Empfindungen und Gedanken erhalten in diesem Zitat gemeinsame Wurzeln, die in ihnen enthalten und untrennbar mit ihnen verwoben sind. Die Metapher Heraklits, nach der 'Alles fließt', scheint von Hofmannsthal innerlich erlebt, ohne sprachlich klar erfasst werden zu können. Diese Einheit kann offenbar nur 'erspürt' werden, was zur Folge hat, dass die gängigen begrifflichen Unterscheidungen, die dem Dualismus eigen sind ("Scheidung von Geist und Sinnen"), als "äußerlich" und "willkürlich" bezeichnet werden.
"Halb zufällig, halb absichtlich" : die Inszenierung von Brüchen in Hofmannsthals Briefwechseln
(2009)
Im Juni 1903 schreibt Hofmannsthal an Richard Beer-Hofmann: "Der Briefwechsel von Hebbel ist sehr schön. Er zeigt den Dichter von außen und innen." Dieses Urteil über "Hebbels Briefwechsel mit Freunden und berühmten Zeitgenossen", wovon ein Exemplar in Hofmannsthals nachgelassener Bibliothek erhalten ist, arbeitet mit der traditionellen Leitdifferenz von Oberfläche und Tiefe, von Erscheinung und Wesen. Wie beides zusammenhängen mag, ob die Außenseite die repräsentativöffentliche, die Innenseite dagegen die private intime Äußerung bedeutet, oder ob der Gegensatz von absichtsvollem Sich-Zeigen und heimlichem Subtext gemeint ist, bleibt ungesagt. Deutlich wird nur, dass die Person des Dichters ins öffentliche Rampenlicht rückt, auch mit ihren intimen Lebenszeugnissen.
Wenn man den 1961 publizierten Text von Albert Renger-Patzsch "Über die Grenzen unseres Metiers. Kann die Fotografie einen Typus wiedergeben?" liest, so trägt er kaum noch Spuren der fraglos scharfen Kritik, die ihn veranlasst hatte. August Sander, gegen den er sich richtet, wird von Renger noch nicht einmal namentlich -und sei es beiläufig - erwähnt (einzig in der Einleitung der Redaktion wird er explizit benannt) und auch der historische Kontext von Sanders großangelegtem Projekt "Menschen des 20. Jahrhunderts" wird bestenfalls am Rande gestreift. In einer ganzen Reihe von Briefen äußerte Renger-Patzsch hingegen seine Kritik an Sander, die er bereits bei Erscheinen von Sanders Buch "Antlitz der Zeit" gegenüber Carl Georg Heise in ähnlicher Deutlichkeit formuliert hatte, unverblümt. Renger hatte 1960 den Kulturpreis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Photographie erhalten und erfuhr, dass Sander ein Jahr später ebenfalls für diese Auszeichnung vorgesehen war. Dieser Preis "zeichnet bedeutende Leistungen aus, die mit Hilfe der Photographie erzielt wurden, insbesondere auf künstlerischem, humanitärem, karitativem, sozialem, technischem, erzieherischem oder wissenschaftlichem Gebiet". Genau diese Leistung konnte Renger-Patzsch in Sanders Werk nicht erkennen. Daher wandte er sich gleich an mehrere einflussreiche Mitglieder und nicht zuletzt an Gerhard Schröder, den damaligen Präsidenten der Gesellschaft, um gegen Sander als möglichen Preisträger seinen Einspruch einzulegen.