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Experiments are an important tool in economic research. However, it is unclear to which extent the control of experiments extends to the perceptions subjects form of such experimental decision situations. This paper is the first to explicitly elicit perceptions of the dictator and trust game and shows that there is substantial heterogeneity in how subjects perceive the same game. Moreover, game perceptions depend not only on the game itself but also on the order of games (i.e., the broader experimental context in which the game is embedded) and the subject herself. This highlights that the control of experiments does not necessarily extend to game perceptions. The paper also demonstrates that perceptions are correlated with game behavior and moderate the relationship between game behavior and field behavior, thereby underscoring the importance and relevance of game perceptions for economic research.
Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, operating at the translational or posttranscriptional level. It is compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using immunofluorescence, image and bioinformatic analysis and cytogenetics that AGO2 also resides in membrane protrusions such as open- and close-ended tubes. The latter are cytokinetic bridges where AGO2 colocalizes at the midbody arms with cytoskeletal components such as α-Τubulin and Aurora B, and various kinases. AGO2, phosphorylated on serine 387, is located together with Dicer at the midbody ring in a manner dependent on p38 MAPK activity. We further show that AGO2 is stress sensitive and important to ensure the proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic fidelity. We suggest that AGO2 is part of a regulatory mechanism triggered by cytokinetic stress to generate the appropriate micro-environment for local transcript homeostasis.
We present a relativistic Shakhov-type generalization of the Anderson-Witting relaxation time model for the Boltzmann collision integral to modify the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. This is achieved by modifying the path on which the single particle distribution function fk approaches local equilibrium f0k by constructing an intermediate Shakhov-type distribution fSk similar to the 14-moment approximation of Israel and Stewart. We illustrate the effectiveness of this model in case of the Bjorken expansion of an ideal gas of massive particles and the damping of longitudinal waves through an ultrarelativistic ideal gas.
In Ref. [1] the BESIII collaboration published a cross section measurement of the process e+e− → π+π− in the energy range between 600 and 900 MeV. In this corrigendum, we report a corrected evaluation of the statistical errors in terms of a fully propagated covariance matrix. The correction also yields a reduced statistical uncertainty for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, which now reads as aππ,LO μ (600 − 900 MeV) = (368.2 ± 1.5stat ± 3.3syst) × 10−10. The central values of the cross section measurement and of aππ,LO μ , as well as the systematic uncertainties remain unchanged.
The free energy of TAP-solutions for the SK-model of mean field spin glasses can be expressed as a nonlinear functional of local terms: we exploit this feature in order to contrive abstract REM-like models which we then solve by a classical large deviations treatment. This allows to identify the origin of the physically unsettling quadratic (in the inverse of temperature) correction to the Parisi free energy for the SK-model, and formalizes the true cavity dynamics which acts on TAP-space, i.e. on the space of TAP-solutions. From a non-spin glass point of view, this work is the first in a series of refinements which addresses the stability of hierarchical structures in models of evolving populations.
The free energy of TAP-solutions for the SK-model of mean field spin glasses can be expressed as a nonlinear functional of local terms: we exploit this feature in order to contrive abstract REM-like models which we then solve by a classical large deviations treatment. This allows to identify the origin of the physically unsettling quadratic (in the inverse of temperature) correction to the Parisi free energy for the SK-model, and formalizes the true cavity dynamics which acts on TAP-space, i.e. on the space of TAP-solutions. From a non-spin glass point of view, this work is the first in a series of refinements which addresses the stability of hierarchical structures in models of evolving populations.
Background/aim: The aim of this study was to analyze a population of patients who had suffered from traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) by using different patient-, trauma- and treatment-related parameters.
Material and methods: All dental records of patients ≥ 3 years old who had presented at the dental emergency service between Jan 1, 2009 and Dec 31, 2016 for the treatment of dental trauma were analyzed. A total of 2758 patients were invited for a recall examination at the Department for Dental Surgery and Implantology, ZZMK Carolinum, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany; of these, 269 patients attended their recall appointments.
Results: The enrolled patient population consisted of 1718 males and 1040 females, with a mean age of 19.63 years (median 12.00 ± 17.354 years). A total of 4909 injured teeth were assessed, with a mean of 1.78 injured teeth per patient (median 2.00 ± 1.279). Males were found to be more frequently affected by TDIs compared to females (1.65:1). The majority of these injuries occurred in the first two decades of life (66.1%; n = 1824). The majority of the patients presented for initial treatment within 24 h of their accident (95.7%). The most frequent TDIs were isolated luxation injuries 49.4% (n = 2426) and isolated crown fractures 30% (n = 1472). Combination injuries were diagnosed in 20.6% of the cases (n = 1011).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present analysis, it can be concluded that males were more frequently affected by TDIs than females. Most patients had suffered from TDI before they had turned 10 years of age. Overall, the enamel–dentin fracture was found to be the most frequent injury, followed by concussions and lateral luxations.
Raumkonstruktionen, die über Handlung und Bedeutungszuschreibungen im Kontext sozialer Medien entstehen, sind ein Fallbeispiel dafür, wie vor dem Hintergrund von Digitalität Fachinhalte re-innoviert werden müssen. Mit dem Ziel eines Beitrags zur Konzeption professionellen Lehrkräftewissens im Kontext von Digitalität werden, ausgehend von der Fragestellung, welche professionellen Fähigkeiten Lehrkräfte benötigen, um Raumkonstruktionen im Unterricht zu thematisieren, in dieser kumulativen Dissertation Raumkonstruktionen aus normativer und empirischer Perspektive als exemplarischer geographischer Fachinhalt adressiert.
Als theoretischer Rahmen dient dabei das TPACK Modell von Mishra & Koehler (2006), das professionelles Lehrkräftewissen in die Bereiche fachliches, pädagogisches und technologisches Wissen sowie deren Überschneidungsbereiche einteilt. Zunächst erfolgt eine Anwendung des Modells als Reflexionsperspektive auf Fachinhalte zur Erzeugung normativer Fähigkeitsbeschreibungen. Diese Fähigkeitsbeschreibungen fließen in die Entwicklung eines TPACK-Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogens für Lehramtsstudierende der Geographie ein. Im Rahmen der damit durchgeführten Studie (n= 364) zeigen sich auf deskriptiver Ebene vergleichsweise niedrige Selbsteinschätzungen der Bereiche inhaltlichen und fachdidaktischen Wissens. Durch die Anwendung einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse kann das TPACK Modell als zufriedenstellend für die Beschreibung der Daten identifiziert werden. Auffällig ist allerdings die niedrige Korrelation des Konstrukts technologischen Wissens mit den angrenzenden Wissensbereichen. In Bezug auf die Selbsteinschätzungen im phasen- und kontextübergreifenden Vergleich lässt sich, ausgehend von linearen Regressionsanalysen, eine tendenzielle Zunahme der selbsteingeschätzten Fähigkeiten entlang der Fachsemesterzahl ermitteln. Mittels Zweistichproben-t-Tests können außerdem höhere Selbsteinschätzungen der pädagogischen Wissensbereiche durch Studierende, die als Vertretungslehrkräfte tätig sind, festgestellt werden.
In Bezug auf die zur Thematisierung von Raumkonstruktionen im Unterricht benötigten Fähigkeiten ist zunächst die Relevanz der Förderung der Integration fachlichen, pädagogischen und fachdidaktischen Wissens hervorzuheben. Die Studie gibt darüber hinaus Hinweise auf eine niedrigere Bedeutung technologischen Wissens im Hinblick auf soziale Medien als Beispiele alltäglicher Technologien. Vor dem Hintergrund des positiven Effekts von Selbstwirksamkeitsprozessen bieten die Ergebnisse Implikationen für eine Diskussion von praktischen Erfahrungen als Aspekt professionellen Lehrkräftewissens im Sinne der Förderung einer kritisch-reflexiven Auseinandersetzung mit der Tätigkeit als Vertretungslehrkraft aus fachdidaktischer Perspektive. Insgesamt leistet die kumulative Dissertation einen Beitrag zum Diskurs um fachliche geographische Bildung im Kontext von Digitalität und zur Konzeption des professionellen Lehrkräftewissens vor diesem Hintergrund.