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The taxonomic limits of Palpostilpnus Aubert, 1961 are reviewed. The genus is characterized mainly by having a very elongated maxillary palp; head short and depressed, with mandible small and with distinct basal groove; ovipositor short and slender, needle-like. A total of seventeen species are recognized, of which ten are described as new: P. aki sp. nov., P. angka sp. nov., P. angkor sp. nov., P. hainanensis sp. nov., P. mangrovi sp. nov., P. pterodactylus sp. nov., P. ranui sp. nov., P. singaporensis sp. nov., P. tamasek sp. nov. and P. trifolium sp. nov. The combination Palpostilpnus rufinator (Aubert, 1961) stat. rev. is proposed. An illustrated key to the known species of the genus is provided.
Two new species of Exetastes Gravenhorst, 1829 from the Peruvian Andes are described and illustrated: E. andensis sp. nov. and E. tullu sp. nov. Presently, 38 species of Exetastes have been recorded in the Neotropical region. Our discoveries are the first records of the genus in Peru and the Andean region.
Rhytidaphora Reshchikov & Quicke gen. nov. (type species Rhytidaphora thailandica Reshchikov & Quicke gen. et sp. nov.) from Thailand is described and illustrated. It belongs to the tribe Euryproctini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) based on the absence of glymma and the subapical notch on the ovipositor. The new taxon differs from all other genera of Euryproctini by the occipital carina being broadly incomplete dorsally, the hypostomal carina joining the occipital carina shortly before the base of the mandible, distinctly pectinate tarsal claws, and immovably fused and strongly sculptured second and third metasomal tergites.
The genus Rhinotorus Förster, 1869 is revised. Thirteen species are recognized including 3 species that are new to science (R. jussilai sp. nov., R. campester sp. nov., R. tarsilatus sp. nov.). Saotis brachycerus (Kasparyan & Kopelke, 2009) comb. nov. is considered to be a member of the genus Saotis. Rhinotorus similis (Brischke, 1892) is tentatively recorded from Austria and Sweden for the first time. A number of new host records are also provided: Cladius pectinicornis (Geoffroy, 1785) for R. leucostomus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Nematus lucidus (Panzer, 1801) for R. nasutus (Gravenhorst, 1829) and N. papillosus (Retzius, 1783) for R. jussilai sp. nov.
Nanium Townes, 1967 is a small New World parasitoid wasp genus in the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Previously, it comprised five species: one from North America and four from Costa Rica. The current study reviews the Neotropical species of the genus, and includes descriptions of two new species, N. medianum Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Ecuador and N. atitlanensis Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Guatemala. A key to the species is provided.