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Mit dem Ziel, Erkenntnisse zum individuellen Mobilitätsverhalten im Zusammenhang mit der Gestaltung des umgebenden Verkehrssystems zu gewinnen, wurde im Rahmen des vom Land Hessen geförderten LOEWE-Schwerpunkts „Infrastruktur – Design – Gesellschaft“ im März und April 2019 eine schriftliche Haushaltsbefragung in einem innerstädtischen Gebiet der Großstadt Offenbach am Main durchgeführt (n=701). Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt die methodische Vorgehensweise bei der Umsetzung und Datenerfassung dieser Erhebung. Dabei wird auf die vorbereitenden Maßnahmen mit Hinblick auf die Erstellung des Fragebogens und weiterer Befragungsmaterialen sowie die Durchführung des Pretests und der eigentlichen Hauptbefragung eingegangen. Um die Bereitschaft einer Teilnahme zu erhöhen, wurden die Haushalte mittels Vorankündigungsschreiben, Pressemitteilung und Erinnerungsrundgang mehrfach kontaktiert. Außerdem wurde ein Teil der Rücksendeumschläge mit Sonderbriefmarken versehen. Abschließend befasst sich der Bericht mit dem Erhebungsrücklauf, der Dateneingabe und -aufbereitung sowie dem ermittelten Antwortverhalten und der Repräsentativität der Stichprobe.
Highlights
• Explanation of mobility design and its practical, aesthetic and emblematic effects on travel behaviour.
• Review of recent studies on mobility design elements and the promotion of non-motorised travel.
• Discussion of research gaps and methodological challenges of data collection and comparability.
Abstract
To promote non-motorised travel, many travel behaviour studies acknowledge the importance of the built environment to modal choice, for example with its density or mix of uses. From a mobility design theory perspective, however, objects and environments affect human perceptions, assessments and behaviour in at least three different ways: by their practical, aesthetic and emblematic functions. This review of existing evidence will argue that travel behaviour research has so far mainly focused on the practical function of the built environment. For that purpose, we systematically identified 56 relevant studies on the impacts of the built environment on non-motorised travel behaviour in the Web of Science database. The focus of research on the practical design function primary involves land use distribution, street network connectivity and the presence of walking and cycling facilities. Only a small number of papers address the aesthetic and emblematic functions. These show that the perceived attractiveness of an environment and evoked feelings of traffic safety increase the likelihood of walking and cycling. However, from a mobility design perspective, the results of the review indicate a gap regarding comprehensive research on the effects of the aesthetic and emblematic functions of the built environment. Further research involving these functions might contribute to a better understanding of how to promote non-motorised travel more effectively. Moreover, limitations related to survey techniques, regional distribution and the comparability of results were identified.
In order to encourage a shift from the car to the more sustainable transport mode of cycling, cycle streets have been implemented in cities all over the world in the last few years. In these shared streets, the entire carriageway is designated for cyclists, while motorized traffic is subordinated. However, evidence on the impact of cycle street interventions related to travel behavior change has been limited until now. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cycle streets are an effective measure to facilitate bicycle use and discourage car use, thus contributing to the aim of promoting sustainable travel. For this purpose, we conducted a written household survey in the German city of Offenbach am Main involving participants affected by a cycle street intervention (n = 701). Based on two stage models of self-regulated behavioral change (SSBC), we identified the participants’ level of willingness to use a bicycle frequently and to reduce car use. By means of bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, we analyzed the influence of awareness, use, and perceptions of the cycle street on the willingness to change behavior towards more sustainable travel. The results show that the intervention has a positive impact on frequent bicycle use, while we observed only a limited effect on car use reduction. Traffic conflicts and car speeding within the cycle street adversely affect the acceptance of the intervention. The study’s findings provide new insights into the actual effects of a cycle street and its potential to encourage sustainable travel behavior.