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El-Helou, Sabine M. ; Biegner, Anika-Kerstin ; Bode, Sebastian ; Ehl, Stephan ; Heeg, Maximilian ; Maccari, Maria E. ; Ritterbusch, Henrike ; Speckmann, Carsten ; Rusch, Stephan ; Scheible, Raphael ; Warnatz, Klaus ; Atschekzei, Faranaz ; Beider, Renata ; Ernst, Diana ; Gerschmann, Stev ; Jablonka, Alexandra ; Mielke, Gudrun ; Schmidt, Reinhold E. ; Schürmann, Gesine ; Sogkas, Georgios ; Baumann, Ulrich ; Klemann, Christian ; Viemann, Dorothee ; Bernuth, Horst von ; Krüger, Renate ; Hanitsch, Leif Gunnar ; Scheibenbogen, Carmen ; Wittke, Kirsten ; Albert, Michael H. ; Eichinger, Anna ; Hauck, Fabian ; Klein, Christoph ; Rack-Hoch, Anita ; Sollinger, Franz ; Avila, Anne ; Borte, Michael ; Borte, Stephan ; Fasshauer, Maria ; Hauenherm, Anja ; Kellner, Nils ; Müller, Anna H. ; Ülzen, Anett ; Bader, Peter ; Bakhtiar, Shahrzad ; Lee, Jae-Yun ; Heß, Ursula ; Schubert, Ralf ; Wölke, Sandra ; Zielen, Stefan ; Ghosh, Sujal ; Laws, Hans-Jürgen ; Neubert, Jennifer ; Oommen, Prasad Thomas ; Hönig, Manfred ; Schulz, Ansgar ; Steinmann, Sandra ; Schwarz, Klaus ; Dückers, Gregor ; Lamers, Beate ; Langemeyer, Vanessa ; Niehues, Tim ; Shai, Sonu ; Graf, Dagmar ; Müglich, Carmen ; Schmalzing, Marc ; Schwaneck, Eva C. ; Tony, Hans-Peter ; Dirks, Johannes ; Haase, Gabriele ; Liese, Johannes G. ; Morbach, Henner ; Föll, Dirk ; Hellige, Antje ; Wittkowski, Helmut ; Masjosthusmann, Katja ; Mohr, Michael ; Geberzahn, Linda ; Hedrich, Christian Michael ; Müller, Christiane ; Rösen-Wolff, Angela ; Roesler, Joachim ; Zimmermann, Antje ; Behrends, Uta ; Rieber, Nikolaus ; Schauer, Uwe ; Handgretinger, Rupert ; Holzer, Ursula ; Henes, Jörg Christoph ; Kanz, Lothar ; Boesecke, Christoph ; Rockstroh, Jürgen ; Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne ; Wasmuth, Jan-Christian ; Dilloo, Dagmar ; Hülsmann, Brigitte ; Schönberger, Stefan ; Schreiber, Stefan ; Zeuner, Rainald ; Ankermann, Tobias ; Bismarck, Philipp von ; Huppertz, Hans-Iko ; Kaiser-Labusch, Petra ; Greil, Johann ; Jakoby, Donate ; Kulozik, Andreas ; Metzler, Markus ; Naumann-Bartsch, Nora ; Sobik, Bettina ; Graf, Norbert ; Heine, Sabine ; Kobbe, Robin ; Lehmberg, Kai ; Müller, Ingo ; Herrmann, Friedrich ; Horneff, Gerd ; Klein, Ariane ; Peitz, Joachim ; Schmidt, Nadine ; Bielack, Stefan S. ; Groß-Wieltsch, Ute ; Classen, Carl Friedrich ; Klasen, Jessica ; Deutz, Peter ; Kamitz, Dirk ; Lassay, Lisa ; Tenbrock, Klaus ; Wagner, Norbert ; Bernbeck, Benedikt ; Brummel, Bastian ; Lara-Villacanas, Eusebia ; Münstermann, Esther ; Schneider, Dominik T. ; Tietsch, Nadine ; Westkemper, Marco ; Weiß, Michael ; Kramm, Christof M. ; Kühnle, Ingrid ; Kullman, Silke ; Girschick, Hermann ; Specker, Christof ; Vinnemeier-Laubenthal, Elisabeth ; Haenicke, Henriette ; Schulz, Claudia ; Schweigerer, Lothar ; Müller, Thomas G. ; Stiefel, Martina ; Belohradsky, Bernd H. ; Soetedjo, Veronika ; Kindle, Gerhard ; Grimbacher, Bodo
Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs.
Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel.
Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy.
Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment.
Randall, Joshua C. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Kutalik, Zoltán ; I. Berndt, Sonja ; Jackson, Anne U. ; Monda, Keri L. ; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O. ; Esko, Tõnu ; Mägi, Reedik ; Li, Shengxu ; Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Croteau-Chonka, Damien C. ; Day, Felix R. ; Fall, Tove ; Ferreira, Teresa ; Gustafsson, Stefan ; Locke, Adam E. ; Mathieson, Iain ; Scherag, André ; Vedantam, Sailaja ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Liang, Liming ; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T. ; Dimas, Antigone S. ; Karpe, Fredrik ; Min, Josine L. ; Nicholson, George ; Clegg, Deborah J. ; Person, Thomas ; Krohn, Jon P. ; Bauer, Sabrina ; Buechler, Christa ; Eisinger, Kristina ; Bonnefond, Amélie ; Froguel, Philippe ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Waite, Lindsay L. ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Smith, Albert Vernon ; Shuldiner, Alan R. ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Caulfield, Mark J. ; Munroe, Patricia B. ; Grönberg, Henrik ; Chen, Yii-Der Ida ; Li, Guo ; Beckmann, Jacques S. ; Johnson, Toby ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ; Teder-Laving, Maris ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; Amin, Najaf ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Province, Michael A. ; Cupples, L. Adrienne ; Heard-Costa, Nancy L. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Ripatti, Samuli ; Surakka, Ida ; Collins, Francis S. ; Saramies, Jouko ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Jula, Antti ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Erdmann, Jeanette ; Hengstenberg, Christian ; Loley, Christina ; Schunkert, Heribert ; Lamina, Claudia ; Wichmann, Heinz Erich ; Albrecht, Eva ; Gieger, Christian ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Johansson, Åsa ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Kathiresan, Sekar ; Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Gyllensten, Ulf ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Campbell, Harry ; Wilson, James F. ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Farrall, Martin ; Goel, Anuj ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Estrada, Karol ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Hofman, Albert ; Zillikens, M. Carola ; Heijer, Martin den ; Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus ; Maschio, Andrea ; Hall, Per ; Tyrer, Jonathan ; Teumer, Alexander ; Völzke, Henry ; Kovacs, Peter ; Tönjes, Anke ; Mangino, Massimo ; Spector, Tim D. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Rudan, Igor ; Hall, Alistair S. ; Samani, Nilesh J. ; Attwood, Antony Paul ; Sambrook, Jennifer G. ; Hung, Joseph ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Lokki, Marja-Liisa ; Sinisalo, Juha ; Boucher, Gabrielle ; Huikuri, Heikki ; Lorentzon, Mattias ; Ohlsson, Claes ; Eklund, Niina ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Barlassina, Cristina ; Rivolta, Carlo ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Snieder, Harold ; Klauw, Melanie M. van der ; Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van ; Gejman, Pablo V. ; Shi, Jianxin ; Jacobs, Kevin B. ; Wang, Zhaoming ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Mateo Leach, Irene ; Navis, Gerjan ; Harst, Pim van der ; Martin, Nicholas Gordon ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Yang, Jian ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rose, Lynda M. ; Lehtimäki, Terho ; Raitakari, Olli ; Absher, Devin ; Iribarren, Carlos ; Basart, Hanneke ; Hovingh, Kees G. ; Hyppönen, Elina ; Power, Chris ; Power, Chris ; Anderson, Denise ; Beilby, John P. ; Hui, Jennie ; Jolley, Jennifer ; Sager, Hendrik ; Bornstein, Stefan R. ; Schwarz, Peter E. H. ; Kristiansson, Kati ; Perola, Markus ; Lindström, Jaana ; Swift, Amy J. ; Uusitupa, Matti ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Rauramaa, Rainer ; Bolton, Jennifer L. ; Fowkes, Gerry ; Fraser, Ross M. ; Price, Jackie F. ; Fischer, Krista ; KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mihailov, Evelin ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Luan, Jian'an ; Ong, Ken K. ; Chines, Peter S. ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M. ; Saaristo, Timo E. ; Edkins, Sarah ; Franks, Paul W. ; Hallmans, Göran ; Shungin, Dmitry ; Morris, Andrew David ; Palmer, Colin N. A. ; Erbel, Raimund ; Moebus, Susanne ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Pechlivanis, Sonali ; Hveem, Kristian ; Narisu, Narisu ; Hamsten, Anders ; Humphries, Steve E. ; Strawbridge, Rona J. ; Tremoli, Elena ; Grallert, Harald ; Thorand, Barbara ; Illig, Thomas ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Peters, Annette ; Böhm, Bernhard O. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; März, Winfried ; Winkelmann, Bernhard R. ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; Laakso, Markku ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Cesana, Giancarlo ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Yarnell, John W. G. ; Kuh, Diana ; Wong, Andrew ; Lind, Lars ; Faire, Ulf de ; Gigante, Bruna ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Pedersen, Nancy L. ; Dedoussis, George ; Dimitriou, Maria ; Kolovou, Genovefa ; Kanoni, Stavroula ; Stirrups, Kathleen ; Bonnycastle, Lori L. ; Njølstad, Inger ; Wilsgaard, Tom ; Ganna, Andrea ; Rehnberg, Emil ; Hingorani, Aroon ; Kivimaki, Mika ; Kumari, Meena ; Assimes, Themistocles L. ; Barroso, Inês ; Boehnke, Michael ; Borecki, Ingrid B. ; Deloukas, Panos ; Fox, Caroline S. ; Frayling, Timothy ; Groop, Leif C. ; Haritunians, Talin ; Hunter, David ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Kaplan, Robert ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; North, Kari E. ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Qi, Lu ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Abecasis, Gonçalo R. ; Stefansson, Kari ; Strachan, David P. ; Schlessinger, David ; O'Connell, Jeffrey R. ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van
Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.
Maier, Hannes ; Lenarz, Thomas ; Agha-Mir-Salim, Parwis ; Agterberg, Martijn J. H. ; Anagiotos, Andreas ; Arndt, Susan ; Ball, Geoffrey R. ; Bance, Manohar ; Barbara, Maurizio ; Baumann, Uwe ; Baumgartner, Wolfgang ; Bernardeschi, Daniele ; Beutner, Dirk ; Bosman, Arjan ; Briggs, Robert ; Busch, Susan ; Caversaccio, Marco ; Dahm, Markus ; Dalhoff, Ernst ; Devèze, Arnaud ; Ebrahimi-Madiseh, Azadeh ; Fraysse, Bernard ; Frenzel, Henning ; Gavilán, Javier ; Ghoncheh, Mohammad ; Håkansson, Bo E. V. ; Hodgetts, William ; Hol, Myrthe Karianne Sophie ; Holland, Julian ; Holmberg, Marcus ; Huber, Alexander ; Jenkins, Herman ; Katiri, Roulla ; Kheirkhah, Kiana ; Koitschev, Assen ; Kompis, Martin ; Lanting, Cris ; Lassaletta, Luis ; Lerut, Bob ; Leuwer, Rudolf ; Linder, Thomas ; Löwenheim, Hubert Martin ; Lustig, Lawrence ; Mandavia, Rishi ; Manrique, Manuel ; Jorge Humberto, Martins ; Mertens, Griet ; Mlynski, Robert Arndt ; Mojallal, Hamidreza ; Monini, Simonetta ; Monksfield, Peter ; Müller, Alexander ; Mylanus, Emmanuel ; Nakajima, Hideko Heidi ; Neudert, Marcus ; Offeciers, Erwin ; Pfiffner, Flurin ; Pietsch, Markus ; Plontke, Stefan K.-R. ; Prenzler, Nils Kristian ; Profant, Milan ; Rahne, Torsten ; Rajan, Gunesh ; Ratuszniak, Anna ; Raufer, Stefan ; Ray, Jaydip ; Reinfeldt, Sabine ; Röösli, Christof ; Rosenbom, Tove ; Salcher, Rolf Benedikt ; Schönermark, Matthias ; Schwab, Burkard ; Skarżyński, Henryk ; Skarżyński, Piotr H. ; Snapp, Hillary ; Sprinzl, Georg ; Spearman, Michael ; Stenfelt, Stefan ; Stieger, Christof ; Tringali, Stephane ; Truy, Eric ; Tysome, James ; Van de Heyning, Paul ; Verhaert, Nicolas ; Wesarg, Thomas ; Westerkull, Patrik ; Wollenberg, Barbara ; Zahnert, Thomas ; Zarowski, Andrzej ; Snik, Ad
Nowadays, several options are available to treat patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Whenever surgical intervention is not possible or contra-indicated, and amplification by a conventional hearing device (e.g., behind-the-ear device) is not feasible, then implantable hearing devices are an indispensable next option. Implantable bone-conduction devices and middle-ear implants have advantages but also limitations concerning complexity/invasiveness of the surgery, medical complications, and effectiveness. To counsel the patient, the clinician should have a good overview of the options with regard to safety and reliability as well as unequivocal technical performance data. The present consensus document is the outcome of an extensive iterative process including ENT specialists, audiologists, health-policy scientists, and representatives/technicians of the main companies in this field. This document should provide a first framework for procedures and technical characterization to enhance effective communication between these stakeholders, improving health care.
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