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Im Oberwald des Vogelsberges (Mittelhessen) wurden in den Naturschutzgebieten "Forellenteiche" und "In der Breungeshainer Heide" über die Jahre 1992 bis 1998 Untersuchungen zur Phänologie der Pflanzen magerer Wiesen frischer bis feuchter Standorte durchgeführt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Blüh- und Fruchtphänologie von knapp 100 Pflanzenarten dieser Grünlandflächen.
In the lower siliceous uplands of Central Europe, various types of nutrient-poor grasslands are widespread and grow intermingled. These species-rich grasslands, often dominated by taxa of the Festuca ovina aggregate, comprise various phytosociological classes. They are remnants of a historic rural lands - cape and are of conservation importance. Few studies on such grasslands are available and there has been disagreement in assigning them to appropriate habitat types or syntaxa. We investigated such nutrient-poor grasslands in the lower Aar valley (Middle Hesse, Rhenish Massif). We surveyed 104 vegetation plots distributed throughout the valley and identified syntaxa to (sub)association level. We carried out supervised classification combining cluster analysis, a priori assignment to classes based on prevailing diagnostic species, and regional refinement based on phi-value maximisation of the units. As a result, we classified five associations within four classes: Polytricho piliferi-Festucetum tenuifoliae/Galio harcynici-Deschampsietum flexuosae and Festuco rubrae-Genistelletum sagittalis (Calluno- Ulicetea), Jasiono montanae-Festucetum ovinae (Koelerio-Corynephoretea), Gentiano-Koelerietum pyramidatae (Festuco-Brometea) and Arrhenatheretum elatioris (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). Ecologically, soil acidity (resulting from Ca concentrations of the bedrock) was the main cause of floristic dissimilarity of the grasslands and thus community differentiation. Many stands grew on soils with intermediate pH and showed a peculiar mixture of basiphilous and acidophilous species. We conclude that (i) our approach of supervised classification yields convincing reproducible results when a syntaxonomic system is adapted top-down to a geographically restricted area, (ii) nutrient-poor siliceous grasslands dominated by taxa of the Festuca ovina aggregate can be well assigned to ecologically meaningful syntaxa, and (iii) the nutrient-poor siliceous grasslands of the Lahn-Dill Highlands are of high conservation relevance and in urgent need of protection.
Aus Hessen werden Wiesen mit Silaum silaus und Senecio aquaticus beschrieben und durch Vegetationsaufnahmen belegt. Unter Auswertung der Literatur wird die synsystematische Stellung der Gesellschaften diskutiert und ihre Zuordnung zum Sanguisorbo-Silaetum silai (Klapp 1951) Vollrath 1965 (Molinion) und Senecioni-Brometum racemosi Tx. et Prsg. 1951 ex auct. (Calthion) vorgeschlagen.
Die Arbeit behandelt die Vegetation der Wiesen im Gladenbacher Bergland (Lahn-Dill-Bergland) in Westhessen. Als Grundlage zum Verständnis der Entwicklung und Dynamik der Wiesenbiozönosen wird zuerst die Wiesenwirtschaft im Gebiet in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart dargestellt. Im vegetationskundliehen Teil folgt die Beschreibung der Pflanzengesellschaften und - unter überregionalen Gesichtspunkten - die Diskussion ihrer Systematik, Ökologie und Verbreitung.
Es werden sieben Wiesengesellschaften und deren Untereinheiten behandelt: Auf mittleren Böden des Tieflandes bis in Höhen von 500 m wachsen Bestände des Arrhenathereturn, die in den höchsten Lagen des Gebietes auf vergleichbaren Standorten von einer Anemone-nemorosa-Arrhenatheretalia-Gesellschaft ersetzt werden. Ausgeprägt wechselfeuchte ungedüngte Heuwiesen besiedeln Bestände des Molinietum, die in Westhessen an ihrem nordwestlichen Arealrand auftreten. Feuchtstandorte mit ausgeglichener Wasserversorgung tragen Gesellschaften des Verbandes Calthion: Quellnasse, wasserzügige Wiesenböden werden von der Crepis-paludosa-Juncus-acutiflorus-Gesellschaft besiedelt. Auf feuchten bis wechselfeuchten basenreichen Standorten wachsen Wiesenbestände des Valeriano-Cirsietum-oleracei. Basenarme dauerfeuchte Boden besiedelt unterhalb 300 m Meereshöhe das Bromo-Senecionetum-aquaticae, in höheren Lagen eine Calthion-Basalgesellschaft. Dank der extensiven Landnutzung ist die Wiesenvegetation im Untersuchungsgebiet bis heute auf ausgedehnten Flächen floristisch sehr gut entwickelt.
As a surrogate of live cells, proteo-lipobeads are presented, encapsulating functional membrane proteins in a strict orientation into a lipid bilayer. Assays can be performed just as on live cells, for example using fluorescence measurements. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated proton transport through cytochrome c oxidase.
Introduction: For resectable soft tissue sarcoma (STS), radical surgery, usually combined with radiotherapy, is the mainstay of treatment and the only potentially curative modality. Since surgery is often complicated by large tumour size and extensive tumour vasculature, preoperative treatment strategies with the aim of devitalising the tumour are being explored. One option is treatment with antiangiogenic drugs. The multikinase inhibitor pazopanib, which possesses pronounced antiangiogenic effects, has shown activity in metastatic and unresectable STS, but has so far not been tested in the preoperative setting.
Methods and analysis: This open-label, multicentre phase II window-of-opportunity trial assesses pazopanib as preoperative treatment of resectable STS. Participants receive a 21-day course of pazopanib 800 mg daily during wait time for surgery. Major eligibility criteria are resectable, high-risk adult STS of any location, or metachronous solitary STS metastasis for which resection is planned, and adequate organ function and performance status. The trial uses an exact single-stage design. The primary end point is metabolic response rate (MRR), that is, the proportion of patients with >50% reduction of the mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean) in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT. The MRR below which the treatment is considered ineffective is 0.2. The MRR above which the treatment warrants further exploration is 0.4. With a type I error of 5% and a power of 80%, the sample size is 35 evaluable patients, with 12 or more responders as threshold. Main secondary end points are histopathological and MRI response, resectability, toxicity, recurrence-free and overall survival. In a translational substudy, endothelial progenitor cells and vascular epithelial growth factor receptor are analysed as potential prognostic and predictive markers.
Ethics and dissemination: Approval by the ethics committee II, University of Heidelberg, Germany (2012-019F-MA), German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (61-3910-4038155) and German Federal Institute for Radiation Protection (Z5-22463/2-2012-007).
Trial registration number: NCT01543802, EudraCT: 2011-003745-18; Pre-results.
The outcome of high-risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is poor with radical surgery being the only potentially curative modality. Pazopanib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic STS. Herein, in terms of the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG-04/NOPASS) trial, we evaluate the potential role of kinetic analysis of fludeoxyglucose F-18 (18F-FDG) data derived from the application of dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in response assessment to pazopanib of STS patients scheduled for surgical resection. Sixteen STS patients treated with pazopanib as neoadjuvant therapy before surgery were enrolled in the analysis. All patients underwent dynamic PET/CT prior to and after pazopanib treatment. Data analysis consisted of visual (qualitative) analysis of the PET/CT scans, semi-quantitative evaluation based on standardized uptake value (SUV) calculations, and quantitative analysis of the dynamic 18F-FDG PET data, based on two-tissue compartment modeling. Resection specimens were histopathologically assessed and the percentage of regression grade was recorded in 14/16 patients. Time to tumor relapse/progression was also calculated. In the follow-up, 12/16 patients (75%) were alive without relapse, while four patients (25%) relapsed, among them one patient died. Median histopathological regression was 20% (mean 26%, range 5–70%). The studied population was dichotomized using a histopathological regression grade of 20% as cut-off. Based on this threshold, 10/14 patients (71%) showed partial remission (PR), while stable disease (SD) was seen in the rest 4 evaluable patients (29%). Semi-quantitative evaluation showed no statistically significant change in the widely used PET parameters, SUVaverage and SUVmax. On the other hand, 18F-FDG kinetic analysis revealed a significant decrease in the perfusion-related parameter K1, which reflects the carrier-mediated transport of 18F-FDG from plasma to tumor. This decrease can be considered as a marker in response to pazopanib in STS and could be due to the anti-angiogenic effect of the therapeutic agent.